Taxonomy of meanings for 寒:　　

Additional information about 寒

說文解字:

Criteria
• WEATHER
  

  There is no commonly used general concept for the weather in pre-Buddhist Chinese. The closest we come is perhaps qì 氣 as in ZUO 天有六氣, but consider the whole passage:

  天有六氣， (In the same way) there are six heavenly influences,

  降生五味， which descend and produce the five tastes,

  發為五色， go forth in the five colours,

  徵為五聲。 and are verified in the five notes;

  淫生六疾。 but when they are in excess, they produce the six diseases.

  六氣曰陰、陽、風、雨、晦、明也， Those six influences are denominated the yin, the yang, wind, rain, obscurity, and brightness.

  分為四時， In their separation, they form the four seasons;

  序為五節， in their order, they form the five (elementary) terms.

  過則為菑： When any of them is in excess, there ensues calamity.

  陰淫寒疾， An excess of the yin leads to diseases of the cold;

  陽淫熱疾， of the yang, to diseases of heat;

  風淫末疾， of wind, to diseases of the extremities;

  雨淫腹疾， of rain, to diseases of the belly;

  晦淫惑疾， of obscurity, to diseases of delusion;

  明淫心疾。 of brightness to diseases of the mind.

• FAMOUS
  

  1. The current general term for illustiousness and extraordinary fame is xiǎn 顯 (ant. huì 晦 "obscure").

  2. Míng 明 (ant. yōu 幽 "without any special lustre") adds to the notion of illustriousness that of supernatural authority.

  3. Lōng 隆 and chóng 崇 (all ant. bēi 卑 "humble") adds to the general notion illustriousness overtones of elevated removedness from the world of the ordinary.

  4. Liè 烈 and hè 赫 focus on the image of glamour radiating from those who are illustrious.

  5. Wàng 望 (ant. wēi 微 "of slight fame" and hán 寒 "of no formal distinction") focusses especially on the aspect of illustriousness that consists in profound public admiration.

  6. Wén 聞 is occasionally used to refer to a state of being much heard-of and well-known.

  7. Róng 榮 refers to resplendent glory on a large scale.

• COLD
  

  1. The standard current word referring to coldness is hán 寒 (ant. wēn 溫, rè 熱 "warm").

  2. Lěng 冷 refers to anything fresh and cool rather than rè 熱 "unpleasantly hot".

  3. Dòng 凍 describes a very high degree of coldness, typically below the freezing point of water.

  4. Liáng 涼 (ant. wēn 溫 "lukewarm") describes a mild form of coldness, prototypically that of a cool breeze liáng fēng 涼風.

  5. Qīng 清 (ant. rù 溽 "unpleasantly humid and warm") describes a mild, fresh coolness of climate rather than of liquids or solids.

• HOT
  

  1. Probably the most general word referrring to objective high temperature or heat is rè 熱 (ant. lěng 冷 "cold").

  2. Wēn 溫 (ant. liáng 涼 "cool") is mild heat.

  3. Nuǎn 暖 (ant. liáng 涼 "cool") is very mild heat.

  4. Yán 炎 is extreme heat.

  5. Shǔ 暑 (ant. hán 寒 "cold") refers to perceived heat, which often relates to humidity in the air as well as objective temperature.

  6. Xū 煦 and hé 和 refer to temperate, comfortable, and warm temperatures or climates.

Word relations
• Ant: (COLD)暑/HOT Shǔ 暑 (ant. hán 寒 "cold") refers to perceived heat, which often relates to humidity in the air as well as objective temperature. 13 Attributions
• Ant: (COLD)溫/HOT Wēn 溫 (ant. liáng 涼 "cool") is mild heat. 3 Attributions
• Ant: (COLD)熱/HOT Probably the most general word referrring to objective high temperature or heat is rè 熱 (ant. lěng 冷 "cold"). 3 Attributions
• Ant: (COLD)暖 / 暖/HOT Nuǎn 暖／煖 (ant. liáng 涼"cool") is very mild heat. 1 Attribution
• Object: (COLD)御/HINDER1 Attribution
• Epithet: (COLD)冰/ICE The current word for ice is bīng 冰. 1 Attribution
• Epithet: (COLD)氣/AIR Qì 氣 "ether" is typically more abstract than English "air" and refers to constitutive energies underlying both air and wind as well as fog, dew, rivers, mountains and so on. The word is also the standard word for "breath". [ABSTRACT]; [[COMMON]] 1 Attribution
• Assoc: (COLD)涼/COLD Liáng 涼 (ant. wēn 溫 "lukewarm") describes a mild form of coldness, prototypically that of a cool breeze liáng fēng 涼風.
• Assoc: (COLD)飢/HUNGRY The most common current and general word for insufficiency of food supplies is probably jī 飢 (ant. bǎo 飽 "have eaten enough"), and this word refers to any such insufficiency, temporary or lasting, serious or minor. Presumably, the word can also refer to insufficiency of food among animals. 1 Attribution
• Assoc: (COLD)饑/HUNGRY Jī 饑 (NOT ANCIENTLY HOMOPHONOUS WITH 飢 in ancient Chinese), and the rarer jín 饉 as well as the very rare qiàn 歉 refer to insufficiency of food as a result of bad harvest. 1 Attribution
• Oppos: (COLD)/1 Attribution