FRIGHTEN    嚇驚

CAUSE TO FEAR.
SCARESCARESTARTLEALARMTERRIFYPETRIFYSHOCKCHILLPANICSHAKEDISTURBDISMAYUNNERVEUNMANINTIMIDATETERRORIZECOWDAUNTSTRIKE TERROR INTOPUT THE FEAR OF GOD INTOCHILL SOMEONE TO THE BONE/MARROWMAKE SOMEONE'S BLOOD RUN COLDINFORMAL SCARE THE LIVING DAYLIGHTS OUT OFSCARE STIFFSCARE SOMEONE OUT OF THEIR WITSSCARE WITLESSSCARE TO DEATHSCARE THE PANTS OFFSPOOKMAKE SOMEONE'S HAIR STAND ON ENDMAKE SOMEONE JUMP OUT OF THEIR SKINGIVE SOMEONE THE HEEBIE-JEEBIESMAKE SOMEONE'S HAIR CURLSCARE THE BEJESUS OUT OFARCHAIC AFFRIGHT
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for frightening someone in a lasting way is jīng 驚. 2. Jù 懼 is used causatively to refer quite generally to striking fear into someone, and this state of fear is usually of short duration. 3. Kǒng 恐 is sometimes used causatively and intensitively to refer to terrifying someone. 4. Wèi 畏 is used causatively to refer to striking awe-struck fear into someone, and the word is sometimes used in a more general way for frightening. 5. Hè 赫 / 嚇 is probably a dialect word referring to the frightening of someone. NB: Hǔ 唬 "frighten" is post-Han.
Modern Chinese Criteria
恐嚇 恫嚇 威嚇 嚇唬 驚嚇 嚇死 嚇 唬 FRIGHTENING 可怕 怕人 嚇人 可駭 駭然 駭人聽聞 人言可畏 寒毛直豎 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hypernym
  • CAUSE TO　MOVE in SUCH a way that THEREFORE someone or something else CHANGES. (anc: 11/0, child: 18)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    terrere is the general word for frightening someone.

    perterrere is strongly intensitive.

    exterrere is slightly intensitive.

    terrorem alicui affere and similar phrases are periphrastic and stylistically heavy.

    TERRIFYING

    atrox refers to the terrifying aspect of things.

    trux refers to the terrifying aspect of persons in voice, aspect etc, often with an element of the heroic or impressive.

    truculentus refers to a more "trivial" terrifying aspect of a person.

    dirus refers to a dreadfulness naturally inherent in things.

    saevus refers to terrifying often blood-thirsty dreadfulness.

  • Webster's New Dictionary of Synonyms ( WEBSTER 1973) p. 363

    FRIGHTEN is the general word for causing someone to be frightened.

    TERRIFY is intensitive and emphasises intensity of fear and agitation.

    TERRORIZE refers to frightening someone and keeping that person in a constant state of intense fear.

    STARTLE refers to frightening someone suddenly, and for a short period of time.

    AFFRAY is an obsolete word close in meaning to TERRIFY.

    AFFRIGHT is an obsolete word close in meaning to FRIGHTEN.

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 5.438

    • Words (22 items)

    懼  jù OC: ɡʷas MC: gi̯o 13 Attributions

    Jù 懼 is used causatively to refer quite generally to striking fear into someone, and this state of fear is usually of short duration.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 誡 / 戒/WARN Jiè 誡/戒 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage") refers specifically to a warning against a certain explicitly specified course of action. The direction of this warning is downwards.

      Syntactic words
    • vt prep Npassivebe frightened byCH
    • vtoNcausativescare, frighten; inspire fear in; intimidate
    • vtoNpassivebe frightenedLZ
    驚  jīng OC: kreŋ MC: kɣaŋ 11 Attributions

    The current general word for frightening someone in a lasting way is jīng 驚.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)scare the contextually determinate NCH
    • vtoNfrighten
    • vtoNfigurativefrighten so as to shake up
    • vtoNpassivebe frightened, get frightened, get alerted and frightened
    恐  kǒng OC: khoŋʔ MC: khi̯oŋ 6 Attributions

    Kǒng 恐 is sometimes used causatively and intensitively to refer to terrifying someone.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 脅/THREATEN The current general word for threatening is xié 脅.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausative(cause to be frightened>) frighten, terrify; terrorise
    • vtoNcausativebe frightened by
    畏  wèi OC: quls MC: ʔɨi 4 Attributions

    Wèi 畏 is used causatively to refer to striking awe-struck fear into someone, and the word is sometimes used in a more general way for frightening.

      Syntactic words
    • vi+HU1intensitivebe designed to strike fear into people; be awe-inspiring
    • vtoNcausativecause to fear> overawe, strike respectful fear into;
    驚駭  jīng hài OC: kreŋ ɡrɯɯʔ MC: kɣaŋ ɦɣɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)get scared of a contextually determinate thing
    • VPtoNscare; scare out of their wits
    振  zhèn MC: tsyinH OC: kljɯns 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)shake up (in a frightening way)CH
    • vtoNshake into intense fear> frighten intenselyCH
    赫  hè OC: qhraaɡ MC: hɣɛk
    嚇  xià OC: qhraaɡs MC: hɣɛ 2 Attributions

    Hè 赫/嚇 is probably a dialect word referring to the frightening of someone.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVfrighteningly
    • vtoNSHI 257.14: (you) frighten (me), ZZ 17.633: shoo away, frighten away
    駭  hài OC: ɡrɯɯʔ MC: ɦɣɛi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfrighten, scare away; overawe
    戰慄  zhàn lì OC: tjans b-riɡ MC: tɕiɛn lit 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe struck with fear, tremble with fear
    • VPtoNpsychinstill fear in (oneself)
    寒  hán OC: ɡaan MC: ɦɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNchill (and thus frighten) 寒心 "chill the heart> frighten"
    驚動  jīng dòng OC: kreŋ dooŋʔ MC: kɣaŋ duŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativefrighten, startle
    怖畏  bù wèi OC: phaas quls MC: phuo̝ ʔɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNfrighten in any way
    振驚  zhèn jīng OC: kljɯns kreŋ MC: tɕin kɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangebe startled, become frightened, become terrified
    可畏  kě wèi OC: khlaalʔ quls MC: khɑ ʔɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfearfulness
    振恐  zhèn kǒng OC: kljɯns khoŋʔ MC: tɕin khi̯oŋ
    振恐  zhēn kǒng OC: kljɯn khoŋʔ MC: tɕin khi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativestrike fear into
    螴蜳  chén dūn MC: -- -- OC: -- -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe scared stiff, be scared out of one's witsCH
    迋  guàng OC: kʷaŋʔ MC: ki̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfrighten
    唬  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    Hǔ 唬 "frighten" is post-Han.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han, very late: to scare
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshake into intense fear, frightenCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshake into intense fear, frightenCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshake into intense fear, frightenCH
    服  fú OC: bɯɡ MC: buk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfrighten into submission