Taxonomy of meanings for 體:　　

  • 韻典網： 聲符 豊 韻部 脂 韻部細分 2 對應廣韻小韻 體 擬音 r̥ʰiːʔ　廣韻：體身也又生也他禮切八
    • LIMB
      • nplurallimbs including the head; also: body parts generally 四體，五體，百體
      • generalised> PART
        • nmember, integral part
        • limbs and body parts> BODY
          • nlimb, limbs; body as constituted by its parts
          • nfigurativearticulated structures
          • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
          • nadNphysical
          • nadVbodywise, in body; with the body
          • n[post-N]one's body, the human bodyCH
          • n(post-N)body of the contextually determinate personDS
          • abstract:human> PERSON
            • nabpsychologicalsolid personality CH
          • generalised, abstract: substance versus function of substance> SUBSTANCE
            • nthe physical mass (of Taishan); physical reality
            • nab[.post-N]substance
            • nabfigurativeessential substance, central point, essence (often contrasted to 用 'function' in the Buddhist context)
            • generalised> OBJECT
              • na physical object; a physical identity; objects; physical objectsCH
              • nabfigurativeabstract: subject, cognitive objectCH
              • nobjectCH
        • awareness of parts of> UNDERSTAND
          • vtoNincarnate an understanding of; identify with;  understand so as to embody (the Way; what is basic etc)
          • vtoNcopulabe an embodiment of
          • vtoNcausativecause one to fully understand the structure of NCH
          • relevant action> ACT
            • nabactcomportment, demeanour
            • vtoNenact; realise in action (GR: 14. Mettre en pratique; réaliser.)
            • vt(oN)enact, embody the contextually determinate NLZ
        • generalised: constellation of parts> SITUATION
          • nabpsych(mental) state
          • nabstative(general) situation, (general) tendency, dà tǐ 大體�
          • systematic constellation> SYSTEM
              • of writings> LITERARY GENRE
                • nabone complex literary structureCH
                • abstract:literary or calligraphic> STYLE
                  • nabfeaturestyle
                  • nabpluralstyles, genres of writingCH

        Additional information about 體

        說文解字: 【體】，總十二屬也。从骨、豊聲。 【他禮切】

          Criteria
        • LIMB

          1. The current word for a limb is zhī 肢.

          2. Tǐ 體 refers (often collectively) to the limbs of the body, and it must be noted that the head counts as one tǐ 體 in the xíng 形 "body", but there is also a closely related usage where the word refers quite generally to the parts of the body as in bǎi tǐ 百體.

        • SUBSTANCE

          1. The general term for substance as opposed to form or appearance is zhì 質, and this troubling term desperately need systematic investigation.

          2. Tǐ 體 is occasionally used to refer to the physical mass of something.

          3. Shí 實 sometimes refers to the real substance of a matter as opposed to insubstantial thinking about it, or attitudes.

        • BODY

          [[CONGERIES]]

          1. The general word for the body versus the heart and soul is xíng 形 (ant. xīn 心 ) but note that this word also applies generally to non-human physical shape..

          2. Qū 軀 "physical frame" refers to body as seen from the outside, objectively, not as part of the person, and as constituted by flesh and bones.

          3. Shēn 身 (which also means "person") specifically refers to the main trunk of the body typically excluding head, arms and legs.

          4. Tǐ 體 refers to body as constituted by its various parts, in particular the limbs, and when it refers to the body as a whole the reference is to the posture and carriage of the body.

          5. Zhī 肢 refers specifically to the limbs and cannot be used to refer to other parts of the body at all. See LIMB

          6. Gōng 躬 is an elevated word which can be used to refer to a person as a whole, but also specifically to the body. See PERSON

          7. Xíng tǐ 形體 is the standard current binome for the physical body of both men and animals, including the body after death, among other things as the container of vital energy qì 氣.

          NB: Shī 尸 refers specifically to the dead body. See CORPSE

        • MIND

          1. The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").

          2. Zhì 志 (ant. shēn 身 "body") never refers to the faculty of the will, but is the agency through which man has his highest aspirations in life.

          3. Qì 氣 can be used to refer specifically to the life-sustaining vital biological energies contained in the body as opposed to the phsyical make-up through bones, flesh, sinews, etc, of the body itself.

        • EXAMPLE

          The abstract notion of a generalisation being absent in Chinese, it is not surprising that the abstract notion of a "concrete example" is also not well represented in the vocabulary. I found only an isolated usage of the word tǐ 體 that seemed relevant, AND UNFORTUNATELY I HAVE LOST IT.

          1. The highly current verbal phrase to say that something is a relevant example is to say 是之謂也 "this is a case in point/an example". But the nominal use seems absent.

        • PART

          1. The current general word for a part integrated into a whole is tǐ 體 "member" (ant. jiān 兼 "MO: composite whole").

          2. Fèn 分 (ant. zǒng 總 "whole") refers to a part of a whole in so far as this part is separated off.

        • SOUL

          1. Shén 神 is primarily a subtle physical substance which gives man his spiritual dimension (ant. xíng 形 "body")) and the body xíngtǐ 形體 is the abode shè 舍 of the soul..

          2. Líng 靈 (ant. qū 軀 "body") is a spiritual part of man which links him to the higher religious realm of the spirits.

          3. Jīng 精 "spiritual subtle substance" is the seminal supremely subtle material substance that gives man his spiritual energies.

          4. Hún 魂 "male soul which returns to Heaven at death" and pò 魄 "female soul which returns to Earth at death" (all ant. xíng 形 "body") inhabit man in the general mode of spiritual possession.

        • LITERARY GENRE

          1. The abstract notion of a literary genre is wén tǐ 文體, but this term is post-Han.

        • TORSO

          幹，特指身體的主要部分，即軀幹。

          Word relations
        • Epithet: (BODY)氣/ENERGY The most general current word for material vital cosmic energies of any kind is qì 氣.
        • Contrast: (BODY)身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.
        • Assoc: (BODY)形/BODY The general word for the body versus the heart and soul is xíng 形(ant. xīn 心).
        • Assoc: (LIMB)肢 / 枝 / 支/LIMB The current word for a limb is zhī 肢.
        • Assoc: (BODY)身/BODY Shēn 身 (which also means "person") specifically refers to the main trunk of the body excluding head, arms and legs.
        • Synon: (UNDERSTAND)法/MODEL The current standard word for a concrete or an abstract model to model oneself after is fǎ 法.
        • Oppos: (BODY)容/FACE Róng 容 refers especially to the lineaments and the outline of the face.
        • Oppos: (BODY)心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").
        • Oppos: (BODY)志/MIND Zhì 志 (ant. shēn 身 "body") never refers to the faculty of the will, but is the agency through which man has his highest aspirations in life.
        • Oppos: (LIMB)心/MIND The general word for the mental sphere of man is xīn 心 "HEART> mind" (ant. xíng 形 "physical shape, body", tǐ 體 "limbs, body").
        • Oppos: (SUBSTANCE)用/FUNCTION
        • Oppos: (BODY)身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.
        • Oppos: (BODY)精神/SOUL