FACE 面孔面
PART of the HEAD CONTAINING EYES, NOSE AND MOUTH ETC.
Hypernym
- BEARDHAIR ON FACE.
- CHEEKSIDES of the FACE.
- CHINMOST LOW PART of the FACE BELOW the MOUTH.
- EARORGAN of HEARING.
- EYEORGAN USED FOR SEEING THINGS.
- EYEBROWHAIR ABOVE the EYES.
- FOREHEADFRONT TOP PART of FACE ABOVE the EYES.
- MOUTHORGAN USED FOR ENTERING FOOD FOR EATING.
- NOSEORGAN USED FOR SMELLING.
See also
Hyponym
- FACIAL EXPRESSION FACE AS SHOWING FEELINGS AND THOUGHTS.
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.
3. Róng 容 refers especially to the lineaments and the characteristic outline of the face.
4. Yán 顏 refers to the upper part of the face but the word is often used to refer loosely to the face as a whole. See FOREHEAD.
NB: Liǎn 臉 is post-Han (THREE KINGDOMS) and refers at an early stage to the part of the face to which makeup is applied.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
BODY 33.
面，臉面通稱。
顏，臉面，多用於表示臉部的神色或表情的場合。
臉，後起字，中古時指婦女施胭脂的顴骨部位，宋以後漸取代 “ 面 ” 成為通稱。
頰，臉的兩側從眼到下頜的部位。
腮（ [ 思＋頁 ] ），兩頰的下半部，也是中古以後出現的詞。
Modern Chinese Criteria
面子
臉膛兒
臉盤兒
臉面
面龐
面孔
嘴臉
面
顏
顏面
面顏
玉顏
容顏
朱顏
長臉膛
驢面
馬面
鴨蛋臉
鵝蛋臉
面頰
臉蛋兒
臉蛋子
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
4.204 - De differentiis
(
DIFFERENTIAE I)
p.
378 vultus 面
facies 色
589. Inter Vultum et faciem. Facies est naturalis [col. 68B] oris habitus immutabilis, vultus vero pro rerum ac temporum qualitate varius et mutabilis [ Al., commutabilis], et secundum affectionem animi modo laetus, modo tristis. Unde et vultuosi dicuntur qui vultum saepe commutant. Itaque Lucilius haec quasi distinguens ait: Quae facies, qui vultus viro. Dicimus autem et vultum coeli et vultum maris, quia et mare saepe in varios motus ventorum flatibus mutatur, et coeli vultus ex luce in tenebras, et ex sereno in nubilum commutatur, sicut et hominum cum mentibus vultus.
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
FACE
facies refers to the face as a physical shape in general.
oculi is a plurale tantum which refers to the expressive part of the face around the eyes.
os refers to the face as a basically stative feature expressive of the inner state of the bearer of the face.
vultus refers to the face as a mobile entity which dynamically expresses the changing feelings of the bearer, especially through the movement of the eyes and the eyebrows.
- Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen
(
FINSTERBUSCH 1966)
p.
215 Gesicht:
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
7 GESICHT
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
56 - 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao
(
HUANG JINGUI 1995)
p.
517 - A Russian-English Collocational Dictionary of the Human Body
(
IORDANSKAJA 1996)
p.
181 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
VULTUS
- Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
2.1006 - Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
4.1951 - 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
1318 貌，容
1. WL claims that ro2ng 容 refers to the face and appearance as expressive of emotions whereas ma4o 貌 refers to face and appearance as external appearance as such. The word for the face as expressive of emotions is se4 色, not ro2ng 容. Ro2ng 容 usually refers to general dynamic appearance only occasionally to the face specifically. Ma4o 貌 is static and refers to an outer shape or form, whereas ro2ng 容 is always dynamic and often inclusive of comportment and proper behaviour, hence the combinations ro2ng zhi3 容止 and ro2ng do4ng 容動.
2. Ma4o 貌 never refers comes close to referring to the face as such. The word differs in this from ro2ng 容 which one is sometimes tempted to take to refer to the face as such.
- 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci
(
WU SANXING 2008)
p.
58ff - Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
286 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
296 - Encyclopedia of Language and Linguistics. Second Edition ( BROWN 2005) p.
- () p.
Attributions by syntactic funtion
Attributions by text
- 賢愚經 : 20
- 論語 : 18
- 韓非子 : 16
- 禮記 : 15
- 荀子 : 15
- 說苑 : 12
- 莊子 : 9
- 史記 : 8
- 孟子 : 8
- 毛詩 : 6
- 春秋左傳 : 5
- 楚辭 : 5
- 淮南子 : 4
- 管子 : 4
- 祖堂集 : 4
- 搜神記 : 3
- 論衡 : 3
- 百喻經 : 3
- 戰國策 : 3
- 韓詩外傳 : 3
- 陸機集十一卷 : 2
- 晏子春秋 : 2
- 文選 : 1
- 墨子 : 1
- 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
- 阮籍集四卷 : 1
- 法句經 : 1
- 呂氏春秋 : 1
- 黃帝內經 : 1
- 法言 : 1
- 五行 : 1
Words
色 sè OC: sqrɯɡ MC: ʂɨk 46 AttributionsWD
Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 喜/DELIGHT
Xǐ 喜 (ant. yōu 憂 "worry") is openly manifested delight, manifested in an individual, visible to all, but not normally of any profound significance. - Contrast: 貌/FACE
- Contrast: 面/FACE
The standard neutral word for the face is miàn 面. - Synon: 容/FACE
Róng 容 refers especially to the lineaments and the outline of the face. - Oppos: 足/LEG
The current general word for the leg as a whole is the same as that for the foot, zú 足, but the word can also be used in a broader meaning including the shin. - Oppos: 言/SPEAK
Yán 言 is to speak up, propose, typically in public, and on one's own initiative, to maintain something, and the word can indroduce direct speech as well as occasionally very limited indirect speech.
- Syntactic words
- nouter facial expression as expressive of an inner mental state or psychological disposition; spirit displayed
- ncommendatory: attractive complexion; beautiful faceCH
- nadVinstrumentwith one's face; in one's face; as regards one's facial expression; as regards one's facial appearance
- nmactthe deliberate production of facial expression, behaviour as manifested in facial expression
- viactmake a different face; change facial expression =變色
顏色 yán sè OC: ŋraan sqrɯɡ MC: ŋɣan ʂɨk 33 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 容貌/APPEARANCE
- Contrast: 聲音/VOICE
- Syntactic words
- NP{N1adN2}facial expression, countenance; sometimes non-expressive: facial complexion 顏色黯黑 "my facial complexion is all dark".
面 miàn OC: mens MC: miɛn 31 AttributionsWD
The standard neutral word for the face is miàn 面.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 色/FACE
Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.
- Syntactic words
- n(post-N)face
- nadVinstrumentto the face; face to face; with one's face, with one's facial epression; in the fact (suffer injury)
- npost-NN's faceDS
- n{PRED}post-Nhave the face of an NCH
- viactturn one's face
- vtoNhave one's face turned towards, face N
容 róng OC: k-loŋ MC: ji̯oŋ 18 AttributionsWD
Róng 容 refers especially to the lineaments and the outline of the face.
- Word relations
- Synon: 色/FACE
Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion. - Oppos: 體/BODY
Tǐ 體 refers to body as constituted by its various parts, in particular the limbs, and when it refers to the body as a whole the reference is to the posture and carriage of the body. - Oppos: 形/BODY
The general word for the body versus the heart and soul is xíng 形(ant. xīn 心).
- Syntactic words
- nface, especially overall shape of face
- nabfacial appearanceCH
- nab=色 facial expressionCH
- nadVon one's face
顏 yán OC: ŋraan MC: ŋɣan 18 AttributionsWD
Yán 顏 refers to the upper part of the face but the word is often used to refer loosely to the face as a whole. See FOREHEAD.
- Syntactic words
- nupper part of the face; countenance
- nfacial expression; face (as expressive of inner state, mood and emotions)CH
面目 miàn mù OC: mens muɡ MC: miɛn muk 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
- NPadVwith respect to face and eyesCH
頭面 tóu miàn OC: doo mens MC: du miɛn 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
- NPadVwith the face
貌 mào OC: mreews MC: mɣɛu 3 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 色/FACE
Sè 色 refers specifically to the face as expressive of mood and emotion.
- Syntactic words
- nabdispositiondisposition to express oneself through one's facial expression
- nabfeatureappearance as expressive of feelings and thoughts> facial expression and general appearance
氣色 qì sè OC: khɯds sqrɯɡ MC: khɨi ʂɨk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfacial expression, expression of mood
面狀 miàn zhuàng OC: mens sɡraŋs MC: miɛn ɖʐi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
面貌 miàn mào OC: mens mreews MC: miɛn mɣɛu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
靦 tiǎn OC: kh-leenʔ MC: then 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nface
- nadN"facely": modifier evoking the appearance of a human faceLZ
令色 lìng sè OC: ɡ-reŋs sqrɯɡ MC: liɛŋ ʂɨk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP[adN]person with an artificially attractive face
容儀 róng yí OC: k-loŋ ŋral MC: ji̯oŋ ŋiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPdignified: face, French: figure
容姿 róng zī OC: k-loŋ sti MC: ji̯oŋ tsi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPappearance
瞻視 zhān shì OC: kljam ɡljils MC: tɕiɛm dʑi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialway of looking, facial expression
色貌 sè mào OC: sqrɯɡ mreews MC: ʂɨk mɣɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfacial complexion
采色 cǎi sè OC: tshɯɯʔ sqrɯɡ MC: tshəi ʂɨk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfacial expression
面類 miàn lèi OC: mens ruds MC: miɛn li 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
面首 miàn shǒu OC: mens qhljuʔ MC: miɛn ɕɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
顏容 yán róng OC: ŋraan k-loŋ MC: ŋɣan ji̯oŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
顏貌 yán mào OC: ŋraan mreews MC: ŋɣan mɣɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
馘 guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nfacial complexionCH
臉 liǎn OC: ɡ-roomʔ MC: lɣɛm 0 AttributionsWD
NB: Liǎn 臉 is post-Han (THREE KINGDOMS) and refers at an early stage to the part of the face to which makeup is applied.
- Syntactic words
- npost-Han, SANGUO: (specifically) upper part of face; face
頄 kuí OC: ɡʷru MC: gi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nface; bones of the face; cheekbone (YI)
頩 pīng OC: pheeŋ MC: pheŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nmien (Chuci)
容華 róng huá OC: k-loŋ ɢʷraal MC: ji̯oŋ ɦɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPwonderful facial complexion
神色 shén sè OC: ɢljin sqrɯɡ MC: ʑin ʂɨk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfacial expression
- NPadVwith regard to his facial expression
面孔 miàn kǒng OC: mens khooŋʔ MC: miɛn khuŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
面色 miàn sè OC: mens sqrɯɡ MC: miɛn ʂɨk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfacial expression
面部 miàn bù OC: mens bɯʔ MC: miɛn buo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPface
顏儀 yán yí OC: ŋraan ŋral MC: ŋɣan ŋiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfigurative"face"
顏面 yán miàn OC: ŋraan mens MC: ŋɣan miɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPfacial expression
馘 guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfacial complexionCH
馘 guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfacial complexionCH
馘 guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfacial complexionCH
馘 guó MC: kweak OC: kʷrɯɯɡCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nfacial complexionCH
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
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