Taxonomy of meanings for 承:　　

  • 承 chéng (OC: ɡjɯŋ MC: dʑɨŋ) 署陵切 平 廣韻：【次也奉也受也又姓後漢有承宫署陵切三 】
    • RECEIVE
      • vtoNpolitely receive (e.g. responsibilities from a superior); continue to receive; HF 9.1.23: accept (the ruler's line of thought)
      • abstract> RELY ON
        • vtoNtake advantage ofLZ
        • resultative> HOLD
          • vtoNhold with both hands so as to offer up ＝奉
      • object direction to go> FOLLOW
          • receive order, decide to take on responsibility> AGREE TO
              • passively> OBEY
                • vtoNpolitely receive and obey (orders etc)
                • social> WELCOME
                    • chéng FLATTER
                      • vt[oN]flatter superiorsCH
                  • active> SUPPORT
                    • nrearguard (in military action)
                    • vtoNsustain in development
                • abstract> CONTINUE
                  • vtoN.adVby way of continuation of; as things develop in continuation of
                  • vtoNcontinue the tradition of
                  • vt+prep+Nto continue in the tradition ofVK
          • =?> HINDER
          • zhěng《集韻》蒸上聲，上拯章。蒸部。

              Additional information about 承

              說文解字:

                Criteria
              • CURTAIN

                1. Wéi 帷 refers to any decorative curtain hung around openings like windows or doors, but the term can also be used to refer to low curtain hung close to the floor.

                2. Mù 幕 refers to a curtain suspended from above as a kind curtain-roof, but reaching down to the ground. See TENT

                3. Wò 幄 refers to a tent-like structure built up within a building. See TENT

                4. Yì 帟, an exceedingly rare word, refers to a roof-like flat baldachin used within buildings to guard against dust and dirt that keeps falling off the ceiling.

                5. Màn 幔 refers to a largish piece of cloth used to cover anything in the house.

                6. Chéng chén 承塵 refers to dust-protector hung above a seat to prevent dust from the ceiling falling on person seated below.

                7. The general term for any material used as a curtain of any sort is zhàng 帳, and the word became current in Han times.

                8. Lián 簾 refers to a bamboo curtain or screen, typically used in doors to prevent draft, and the word is still rare in Han times.

              • RECEIVE

                1. The current general word is shòu 受 (ant. jù 拒 "refuse to accept"; ant.* yǔ 與 "give"), which can refer to any concrete or abstract form of receiving or being exposed to.

                2. Chéng 承 (ant.* zèng 贈 "present formally") refers to the polite act of receiving something as a gift.

                3. Fèng 奉 and bǐng 稟 (ant.* cì 賜 "present formally to inferiors") refers to the polite act of receiving any concrete or abstract thing (including orders and the like) from a superior.

                4. Měng 蒙 is to be on the receiving end of a process, and the word hardly ever takes concrete objects.

                5. Nà 納 focusses concretely on the receiving something from the outside into some inside.

                6. Shōu 收 refers specifically to receiving what is due to one.

              • BEGIN

                [ARCHAIC/CURRENT]

                [[COMMON/RARE]]

                [ELEVATED/VULGAR]

                [FORMAL/INFORMAL]

                1. Shǐ 始 (ant. zhōng 終 "bring to an end; come to an end" and chéng 成 "bring to a successful end, complete") refers quite generally to the initiating of any action. But see also ARISE

                [GENERAL]

                2. Zào 造 (all ant. jì 繼 "continue" and chéng 承 "continue") can come to refer to the beginning of an action.

                [ARCHAIC]; [[RARE]]

                3. Chū 初 (ant. mò 末 "end") is purely chronological and refers to the early stage of something that persists, without indicating any lasting influence of that early stage on later developments. See FIRST

                4. Qǐ 起 is sometimes used in a rather formal way for getting underway with a major activity.

                [FORMAL]

                5. Qǐ 啟 typically refers to a deliberate act of initiation, by Heaven as well as by man, and the word generally belongs to the dignified style of historians or rhetoricians.

                [ELEVATED], [FORMAL]

                6. Zhāo 肇 is an elevated and archaic word referring to the initiation of rituals and the like.

                [ELEVATED]; [[RARE]]

              • REFUSE

                1. The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told").

                2. Jù 拒 (ant. chéng 承 "accept (a task)") refers to emphatic refusal, a decision to have nothing to do with something.

                3. Shì 釋 (ant. shòu 受 "accept (a task)") refers to an insistance not to do what one might be expected to undertake.

                4. Fú 弗 (ant. yù 欲 "be willing to") regularly refers to what the agent "will not do" or "refuses to do", as an emphatic negation.

                5. Chì 斥 (ant. fèng 奉 "accept (a task)") is occasionally used to refer to a refusal to accede to a request or demand.

              • CONTINUE

                1. The most current general word for continuing to do something and also for continuing a tradition is jì 繼 (ant. jué 絕 "disrupt a tradition") which concentrates on the original thing that is being continued or made longer.

                2. Xù 續 (ant. duàn 斷 "interrupt a tradition") focusses on what is being added in the lengthening process, and the dominant meaning of the word is spatial lengthening.

                3. Zhuǎn 轉 is refers to continuation by alternation of the agent and is translatable as "continuing in turn".

                4. Chéng 承 refers to the continuation of an abstract tradition.

                5. Yè 業 refers primarily to the continuation of the trade or tradition of one's own forebears.

                6. Réng 仍 focusses on the uninterrupted and continuous pursuance of an activity over a continuing period.

                7. Sì 嗣, which came to mean "succeed as an heir", was used in early texts to refer to the continuation of any tradition or practice.

                8. Yán 延 is current in the meaning "continue" in OBI.

                Word relations
              • Object: (CONTINUE)天意/PLAN
              • Synon: (CONTINUE)繼/CONTINUE The most current general word for continuing to do something and also for continuing a tradition is jì 繼 (ant. jué 絕 "disrupt a tradition") which concentrates on the original thing that is being continued or made longer.
              • Synon: (CONTINUE)襲/CONTINUE