OFFEND 觸犯逆
REFUSE TO OBEY OR CONFORM.
Antonym
Hypernym
- REFUSEDECIDE NOT TO ACT:do as one has been REQUESTED to ACT OR IS EXPECTED TO ACT.
Hyponym
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Fàn 犯 (ant. cǒng 從 "follow obediently") refers as a derogatory term to a deliberate and active breaking of a rule.
3. Gān 干 and gān 奸 are rare words referring specifically to culpable breach of the law.
4. Wéi 違 (ant. xún 循 "follow") and the rarer lí 離 as well as fēi 非 are neutral terms referring to a failure to comply with something.
5. Fú 拂 refers to something grating against sensibilities or creating a conflict.
6. Fáng 妨 adds to the failure of compliance the nuance of interference with what one fails to comply with.
7. Kuī 虧 adds to the failure of compliance the nuance of inflicting harm or damage on what one fails to comply with.
8. Shāng 傷, hài 害, and bài 敗 add to the failure of compliance the element of ruining what one has failed to comply with exactly by this failure of compliance; but hài 害 has developed a special related meaning of offending logically against something, i.e. being incompatible with it.
Modern Chinese Criteria
觸犯
犯忌
得罪
開罪
冒犯
觸犯
沖犯
干犯
沖撞
頂撞
觸迕
唐突
攖
犯
捋虎須
嬰鱗
嬰逆鱗
批逆鱗
太歲頭上動土
老虎頭上拍蒼蠅
摸老虎屁股
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
178 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
INOBEDIENTIA
INSOLENTIA
- SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
2.222:150 CONTRAVENTION.DESOBEISSANCE
- A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms
(
T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004)
p.
NO.195 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
57A
Words
犯 fàn OC: bomʔ MC: bi̯ɐm 52 AttributionsWD
Fàn 犯 (ant. cǒng 從 "follow obediently") refers as a derogatory term to a deliberate and active breaking of a rule.
- Word relations
- Object: 上/SUPERIOR
- Object: 法/LAW
The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法. - Contrast: 觸/OFFEND
- Assoc: 抵/OPPOSE
- Synon: 干/OFFEND
Gān 干 and gān 奸 are rare words referring specifically to culpable breach of the law. - Synon: 破/OFFEND
- Synon: 觸/OFFEND
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)N=humango against the wishes of a person; dare to go against a person (with omitted object)
- vt(oN)N=nonhuoffend against (something contextually determinate, nonhuman)
- vt+prep+Noffend against
- vt[oN]commit an offense
- vtoNobject rule/law: offend againstCH
- vtoNN=animalgo against the wishes of an animal; dare to go against an animalTWH
- vtoNN=humango against the wishes of a person; dare to go against a person
- vtoNN=nonhuoffend against, fail to obey; infringe, violate (laws etc) 民不敢犯法
- vtoNpassivebe offended against; be sabotaged
違 wéi OC: ɢul MC: ɦɨi 42 AttributionsWD
Wéi 違 (ant. xún 循 "follow") and the rarer lí 離 as well as fēi 非 are neutral terms referring to a failure to comply with something.
- Word relations
- Inconsist: 孝/LOVE
Xiào 孝 refers to loving respect for one's parents and ancestors in attitude and action and is a major traditional virtue. - Ant: 從/OBEY
The most current general word for obedience is probably cóng 從 (ant. jù 拒 "refuse to carry out an order"), which refers literally to the following of orders on particular occasions, and more generally to showing obedience to a person. - Ant: 順/OBEY
Shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "refuse to conform") can refer to the conforming with a standard set by someone or an intention someone has. - Ant: 安/COMFORTABLE
The standard word for material and psychological comfort is ān 安. - Synon: 反/OPPOSE
- Synon: 非/OFFEND
Wéi 違 (ant. xún 循 "follow") and the rarer lí 離 as well as fēi 非 are neutral terms referring to a failure to comply with something.
- Syntactic words
- nabactdisobedience
- vadNinclined towards disobedience
- vt(oN)offend the contextually determinate person; fail to do as is required by the contextually determinate person
- vt(oN)N=proprietyoffend against the rules of proper behaviour
- vt+prep+Ncontravene; offend against
- vt[oN]be disobedient; show disobedience;
- vtoNcontravene, flout; be disobedient to; ZUO Xi 23: offend against (Heaven, one's husband etc.); go against (the agricultural seasons); disobey (an order) very occasionally used nominally: error
得罪 dé zuì OC: tɯɯɡ sbuulʔ MC: tək dzuo̝i 40 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(+prep+N)fall foul of the contextually deteminate N
- VPt(oN)run afoul of; commit an offence against a contextually determinate N
- VPt+prep+Nrun afoul of, fall foul of, commit a manifest crime against
- VPtoNoffend NDS
背 bèi OC: pɯɯɡs MC: puo̝i 30 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Object: 法/LAW
The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法. - Object: 天意/PLAN
- Syntactic words
- vtoNrevolt against, turn one's back on; go against; fail to conform to
逆 nì OC: ŋɡlaɡ MC: ŋɣɛk 28 AttributionsWD
The current most general word for offending against what one is obliged to act in accordance with or going against a current is probably nì 逆 (ant. shùn 順 "follow and obey"), which refers to any action which goes against something.
- Word relations
- Ant: 順/OBEY
Shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "refuse to conform") can refer to the conforming with a standard set by someone or an intention someone has. - Object: 法/LAW
The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法. - Object: 天意/PLAN
- Syntactic words
- nabactact of offending the law, act of lawlessness
- nsubjectwhat is unnatural, what goes against the grain; obstinacy, recalcitrance
- v[adN]N=nonhuwhat offends against current social standards
- vadNoffending; opstreporous; perverse; inverse; inverted; treacherous; disobedient
- vt(oN)offend against, fail to comply with, fail to supply
- vt+prep+Noffend against; go against
- vt[oN]be in opposition, take a controversial stance; go against the grain
- vtoNoppose, go against; disobey (orders)
- vtoNpassivebe offended, be infringed
倍 bèi OC: bɯɯʔ MC: bəi 15 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadVHANSHU: in clashing, conflicting directions
- vtoNgo against (persons or arguments); go back on (an agreement) 倍約
- vtoNoffend against (the law etc)CH
- vtoNabgo against (something abstract); go back on (an abstract object)TW
非 fēi OC: pɯl MC: pɨi 15 AttributionsWD
Wéi 違 (ant. xún 循 "follow") and the rarer lí 離 as well as fēi 非 are neutral terms referring to a failure to comply with something.
- Word relations
- Ant: 善/GOOD
The general term for positive appraisal of any kind in Chinese is shàn 善 (ant. è 惡 "bad"). - Object: 天意/PLAN
- Synon: 違/OFFEND
Wéi 違 (ant. xún 循 "follow") and the rarer lí 離 as well as fēi 非 are neutral terms referring to a failure to comply with something.
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nbe at variance with
- vtoNbe at variance with, not be in accordance with; offend against (the law etc); disobey (one's parents)
逾 yú OC: lo MC: ji̯o 12 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Syntactic words
- viactcommit transgressions
- vtoNgo against (one's ruler etc); go beyond (one's duties)
離 lí OC: b-rel MC: liɛ 8 AttributionsWD
Wéi 違 (ant. xún 循 "follow") and the rarer lí 離 as well as fēi 非 are neutral terms referring to a failure to comply with something.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcome to commit (a crime); deviate from and thus offend against (virtue, one's ruler etc)
辜負 gū fù OC: kaa bɯʔ MC: kuo̝ bɨu 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactdisgrace, offense
- VPt+prep+Noffend, disgrace; blame
- VPtoNoffend, disgrace; be ungrateful against; do not show respect for
干 gān OC: kaan MC: kɑn 7 AttributionsWD
Gān 干 and gān 奸 are rare words referring specifically to culpable breach of the law.
- Word relations
- Synon: 犯/OFFEND
Fàn 犯 (ant. cǒng 從 "follow obediently") refers as a derogatory term to a deliberate and active breaking of a rule.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNviolate; go against the wishes of; interfere with
- vtoNfigurativeinterfere with, oppose; concern
僭 jiàn OC: skɯɯms MC: tsem 6 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 信/FAITHFUL
The current general word for trustiness or good faith is xìn 信. - Assoc: 侵/OFFEND
- Syntactic words
- nabactinfringement of the obligatory rules
- v[adN]N=humoffenders
- viactcommit transgressions
- vtoNoffend against
忤 wǔ OC: ŋaas MC: ŋuo̝ 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vibe at odds with each other, be in conflict with one another
- vt(oN)disobey the contextually determinate person
- vt+prep+N(abstract, often almost metaphysical) grate against, be opposed to
負 fù OC: bɯʔ MC: bɨu 5 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 慚慙 / 慚慙/SHAME
Cán 慚 "feel embarrassed and ill at ease about something" is often close to a feeling of 不好意思. It refers to a somewhat milder form of personal feelings of shame typically mixed with feelings of regret, and typically directed towards something in the past.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbe unjust to, offend; betray
- vtoN負言"go back on one's promise": fail to live up toCH
- vtoNpassivebe offendedCH
獲罪 huò zuì OC: ɢʷreeɡ sbuulʔ MC: ɦɣɛk dzuo̝i 5 AttributionsWD
reap guilt (with respect to someone)> offend (against someone)
- Syntactic words
- VPimiddle voicefall into disgraceDS
- VPt+prep+Noffend against N
- VPtoNoffend seriously, fall foul of
侵 qīn OC: skhim MC: tshim 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt prep Nfigurativespecific: infringe semantically/artistically/aesthetically on the independence ofCH
- vt[oN]continuativeinfringe on othersCH
- vtoNinfringe on
- vtoNmiddle voicebe infringed upon, be offended againstCH
反 fǎn OC: panʔ MC: pi̯ɐn 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNfail to act up to (a promise etc); fail to obey
奸 gān OC: kaan MC: kɑn 4 AttributionsWD
Gān 干 and gān 奸 are rare words referring specifically to culpable breach of the law.
- Syntactic words
- vadNwickedly aggressive; treacherous; offending against one's sworn alliances
- viactengage in offensive action against each other
- vtoNwickedly offend against (orders; a ruler)
妨 fāng OC: phaŋ MC: phi̯ɐŋ 4 AttributionsWD
Fāng 妨 adds to the failure of compliance the nuance of interference with what one fails to comply with.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNstativeoffend against; stand in the way of
悖 bèi OC: bɯɯds MC: buo̝i 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Ngo against; be offensive to; grate against
- vtoNact contrary to
破 pò OC: phaals MC: phʷɑ 4 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Synon: 犯/OFFEND
Fàn 犯 (ant. cǒng 從 "follow obediently") refers as a derogatory term to a deliberate and active breaking of a rule.
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Noffend against
- vtoNBUDDH: offend against (precepts etc.)
乖 guāi OC: kʷreed MC: kɣɛi 3 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 合/CONFORM
Zhōu 周 and hé 合 (all ant. fǎn 反 "go against the model") refer to complete all-round conformity construed as overall identification with a model. - Assoc: 忤/OFFEND
- Syntactic words
- viactbe at odds, offend > be mistaken EXAMPLES?
- vt+prep+Ngo against
- vtoNgo against
廢 fèi OC: pods MC: pi̯ɐi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNrefuse to obey, disregard (orders)
拂 fú OC: phɯd MC: phi̯ut 3 AttributionsWD
Fú 拂 refers to something grating against sensibilities or creating a conflict.
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Noffend against; grate against
- vtoNget into conflict with; go against the grain of, be offensive to (the ear etc); occasionally: be in inner conflict
不信 bù xìn OC: pɯʔ sins MC: pi̯ut sin 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VP[adN]N=actinfringement of promises, failure of good faith, faithlessness
- VPilitotesbe untrustworthy; be unreliable;DS
抵罪 dǐ zuì OC: tiilʔ sbuulʔ MC: tei dzuo̝i 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactoffenceCH
- VPiactfall foul of someone
- VPt+prep+Nfall foul of; have a conflict with (a superior)
破戒 pò jiè OC: phaals krɯɯɡs MC: phʷɑ kɣɛi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: the breaking of religious precepts
- VPadNBUDDH: who has broken religious precepts
- VPiactBUDDH: break religious precepts
違犯 wéi fàn OC: ɢul bomʔ MC: ɦɨi bi̯ɐm 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)offend against the contextually determinate N
- VPtoNoffend against
- vtoNbe offended against (in all sorts of ways)CH
邪 xié MC: zjae OC: sɢljaCH 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nab(post-N)actdeviation from the contextually determinate NCH
- nab.post-Naberration from NCH
失 shī 3 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Object: 天心/ATTITUDE
- Syntactic words
- vtoNoffend against (rules of behaviour); fail to conform withCH
伉 kàng OC: khaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNoffend against, go against (e.g. ritual etc)
敗 bài OC: braads MC: bɣɛi 2 AttributionsWD
Shāng 傷, hài 害, and bài 敗 add to the failure of compliance the element of ruining what one has failed to comply with exactly by this failure of compliance; but hài 害 has developed a special related meaning of offending logically against something, i.e. being incompatible with it.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNtransferred: offend against, fly in the face of (teachings etc)
虧 kuī OC: khʷral MC: khiɛ 2 AttributionsWD
Kuī 虧 adds to the failure of compliance the nuance of inflicting harm or damage on what one fails to comply with.
- Syntactic words
- nabactoffence, improper behaviour or conduct
- vtoNfail to act according to (the law etc)
陵 líng OC: b-rɯŋ MC: lɨŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNoffend and insult
- vtoNabinfringe uponCH
不服 bù fú OC: pɯʔ bɯɡ MC: pi̯ut buk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactinsubordinacy
十惡 shí è OC: ɡjub qaaɡ MC: dʑip ʔɑk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: the ten evil deeds (compare shíshàn 十善)
悖逆 bèi nì OC: bɯɯds ŋɡlaɡ MC: buo̝i ŋɣɛk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPadNinclined to offend others; given to obstreporousness
- VPiactcause offense, be offensive
- VPtoNoffend against, go against
逃命 táo mìng OC: ɡ-laaw mɢreŋs MC: dɑu mɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPidisobey orders
不順 bù shùn MC: pjut zywinH OC: pɯʔ ɢjuns LZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactact of disobedienceLZ
- VPibe disobedientLZ
傷 shāng OC: lʰaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
Shāng 傷, hài 害, and bài 敗 add to the failure of compliance the element of ruining what one has failed to comply with exactly by this failure of compliance; but hài 害 has developed a special related meaning of offending logically against something, i.e. being incompatible with it.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNact against, offend against
- vtoNpassivebe offended against
害 hài OC: ɡaads MC: ɦɑi 1 AttributionWD
Shāng 傷, hài 害, and bài 敗 add to the failure of compliance the element of ruining what one has failed to comply with exactly by this failure of compliance; but hài 害 has developed a special related meaning of offending logically against something, i.e. being incompatible with it.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNoccasionally used in an abstract moral or even logical sense fail to observe (rules etc); act at the expense of; be logically inconsistent with
覆 fù OC: phuɡ MC: phuk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcontravene; offend against
間 jiàn MC: -- OC: kreens 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNdisobey, fail to comply
不睦 bù mù OC: pɯʔ mluɡ MC: pi̯ut muk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP[adN]N=stateuncooperative (states)
不經 bù jīng OC: pɯʔ keeŋ MC: pi̯ut keŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VP[adN]N=humthose who offend against the general rules of proper conduct
捨離 shě lí OC: lʰaʔ b-rel MC: ɕɣɛ liɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)deviate from the contextually determinate rule N
- VPtoNdeviate from (rules etc)
毀破 huǐ pò OC: qhʷralʔ phaals MC: hiɛ phʷɑ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativeoffend against radically.
求罪 qiú zuì OC: ɡu sbuulʔ MC: gɨu dzuo̝i 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt+prep+Noffend
犯干 fàn gān OC: bomʔ kaan MC: bi̯ɐm kɑn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNintensitivecommit all sorts of offences against
違命 wéi mìng OC: ɢul mɢreŋs MC: ɦɨi mɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPiactcontravene orders
違背 wéi bèi OC: ɢul pɯɯɡs MC: ɦɨi puo̝i 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNoffend against (the Way)
毀 huì MC: xjweX OC: qhʷralsCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNread huǐ: openly offend against (obligations undertaken etc.) CH
抵 dǐ MC: tejX OC: tiilʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNoffend against (the law etc)CH
遯 dùn MC: dwonX OC: duunʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNfigurative=遁 deviate from (a standard or general rule N)CH
愆 qiān MC: khjen OC: khranCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNderivedoffend against (the demands of virtue etc)CH
別 bié 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNdistance oneself fromCH
不弟 bù dì MC: pjut dejX OC: pɯʔ liilʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi= bu4ti4 不悌, be disrespectful to eldersLZ
觸抵 chù dǐ MC: tsyhowk tejX OC: thjoɡ tiilʔLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt[oN]offend against [the law]LZ
睽 kuí MC: khwej OC: --CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNoffend againstCH
畔 pàn MC: banH OC: baansLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN](= pan4 叛) to breach an agreementLZ
泝 sù OC: sqlaaɡs MC: suo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNgo up against the current of; go upstream
觸 chù OC: thjoɡ MC: tɕhi̯ok 0 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 犯/OFFEND
Fàn 犯 (ant. cǒng 從 "follow obediently") refers as a derogatory term to a deliberate and active breaking of a rule. - Synon: 犯/OFFEND
Fàn 犯 (ant. cǒng 從 "follow obediently") refers as a derogatory term to a deliberate and active breaking of a rule.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNoffend
五逆 wǔ nì OC: ŋaaʔ ŋɡlaɡ MC: ŋuo̝ ŋɣɛk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: the five major offences; the five cardinal sins (see also wǔ wújiān 五無間); skr. pa%ncānantariyaṇi
五無間 wǔ wú jiān OC: ŋaaʔ ma kreen MC: ŋuo̝ mi̯o kɣɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- 楞伽阿跋多羅寶經 Léngqié ābáduōluó bǎo jīng Taishō
(
LANKA(A))
p.
498a "Now what is meant by the mother of all beings? It is desire which is procreative, going together with joy and anger and upholding all with motherliness. Ignorcance representing fatherhood brings about one's rebirth in the six villages of the sense-world. When there takes place a complete destruction of both roots, fatherhood and motherhood, it is said that father and mother are murdered. When there is a complete extermination of the subordinate group of passions such as anger, etc. which are like an enemy, a venomous rat, the murdering of the Arhat is said to take place. What is meant by breaking up the brotherhood? When there is a complete fundamental break-up of the combination of the Skandhas whose characterstic mark is a state of mutual dependence among dissimilarities, it is said that the Brotherhood is split up. [...] Mahaamati, when the body of the eight VijNNaanas, which erroneously recognises individuality and generality as being outside the Mind -which is seen [by the ignorant] in the form of an external world - is completely exterpiated by means of faulty discriminations, that is, my means of the triple emancipation of the non-outflows, and when thus the faulty mentality of the VijNNaana-Buddha is make to bleed, it is know as immediacy-deed. These, Mahaamati, are the five iner immediacies, and when they are experienced by a son or a daughter of a good family, there is an immediacy -deed or realisations regarding the Dharma." (tr. SUZUKI 1973: 120-121)
- 楞伽阿跋多羅寶經 Léngqié ābáduōluó bǎo jīng Taishō
(
LANKA(A))
p.
498b11-14 貪名為母，無明則為父，覺竟識為佛，諸使為羅漢，陰集名為僧，無間次第斷，謂是五無間，不入無擇獄 "Desire is said to be the mother, and ignorance the father. The VijNNaana which recognizes an objective world [is compared] to the Buddha. The sccondary group of passions is the Arhat. The amassing of th five Skandhas the Brotherbood. As they are destroyed immediately. they are known as immediacy-deeds [[and do lead to the hell of continuous suffering]]. (tr. SUZUKI 1973: 121)
- The Lankavatara Sutra
(
SUZUKI 1973)
p.
121
- Syntactic words
- NPabactBUDDH: the five major offences; the five cardinal sins (which entail an endless existence in hell; defined as killing the father, killing the mother, killing of a sage (arhat), destroying the harmony of the sangha, shedding the blood of a Buddha; 無間 refers to the fact that these acts entail uninterrupted suffering in hell; In the LANKA and especially texts of the early Chán Schools, the cardinal sins are reinterpreted in terms of mental activities; see also wǔnì 五逆)
Existing SW for
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