Taxonomy of meanings for 紀:　　

  • 紀 jì (OC: kɯʔ MC: kɨ) 居理切 上 廣韻：【極也㑹也事也理也識也亦經紀又十二年曰紀又姓出丹陽居理切四 】
    • THREAD
      • CONTINUE
        • vtoNcontinue; reconnect
      • CLUE
      • PRINCIPLE
        • LAW
          • nab.post-V{NUM}guideline; regulating principle; laws
        • PROVE
          • GOVERN
            • RULE
              • nguide-thread
              • nabfigurativebasic guideline; rules of conduct; moral confines
              • nab.post-Nguiding rules of N, underlying principles motivating NCH
            • LIMIT
              • SERVANT
                • CALENDAR
                  • GENERATION
                    • nperiod of twelve years GY: 蓄力一紀
                  • AGE
                    • PERIOD
                      • YEAR
                        • ASTRONOMY
                          • ANNALS
                          • RECORD
                            • nrecord
                            • nadVwith written records, by way of recording
                            • vtoNrecord
                            • vtoNreflexive.自register (oneself)
                            (記)
                          • DOCUMENT
                            • STATES
                              • NPprJǐ 紀 (also written - mainly on the bronzes - as 己 ) (CHEN PAN 1969, 328-332)Clan: Jiāng 姜.Rank: Hóu 侯 (used in the CQ and ZUO). In the inscriptions on the bronze artifacts, the rulers of Jǐ are sometimes referred to as bó 伯.Founded: Unknown.Destroyed: In 690 B.C. (Zhuang 4) by Qí 齊. Location: In the modern Shòuguāng 壽光 district, Shandong province (according to the Shuǐ jīng zhù, Kuò dì zhì, Dì míng kǎolyè, etc.). Note that some bronzes found in that area and dating from the Late Shāng period were inscribed with Jǐ character. History: The state of Jǐ was rather small and weak. During the reign of the Zhōu King Yí 周夷王, the ruler of Jǐ slandered Duke Āi of Qí 齊哀公 to the King, who in turn had the Duke boiled alive. This incident (recorded in the Zhúshū jǐnián) was later used by Qí as an excuse for its attacks on Jǐ. Jǐ allied against Qí with the states of Zhèng 鄭 and Lǔ 魯, and in 699 B.C. (Huan 13) this alliance managed to defeat the alliance led by Qí (and consisting of Sòng 宋, Wèi 衛, and Nán Yàn 南燕 ); however, Jǐ was eventually conquered by Qí in 690 B.C.
                            • SURNAMES
                                (jǐ)

                            Additional information about 紀

                            說文解字: 【紀】，絲別也。从糸、己聲。 【居擬切】

                              Criteria
                            • DEVELOPMENT

                              漸 "gradual development" comes closest to this concept, as in 無漸 "without any gradual development" in LH 自紀

                            • RULE

                              1. Perhaps the most current general word for a (typically political or moral) guideline is jì 紀.

                              2. Gāng 綱 refers primarily to the guide-rope of a net, and then by extension to a general guideline guiding one through something complex.

                              3. Jīng 經 refers to an operative underlying main principle which man also may take as a guideline.

                              4. Wěi 緯 refers to a secondary principle operative in things which man also may take as a guideline.

                              5. Wéi 維 refers to the guiding lines attached to the four corners of a fishing net and hence by extension to the overall metaphysical principles guiding the universe.

                            • LAW

                              1. The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.

                              2. Lu �律 is far more specialised as a specific term referring to concrete and detailed regulations rather than a legal system as a whole, and the word is also syntactically much less flexible. Thus we have 先王之法 and not 先王之律.

                              The complexities of legal terminology can be preliminarily summarised as follows:

                              A. The rule may be explicit (chéng 程, diǎn 典, fǎ 法, hào 號, lu �律 ); or it may be primarily conventional (cháng 常, jì 紀, jīng 經, zhì 制 ).

                              B. The rule may be conceived as temporary (lìng 令, dù 度, chéng 程, hào 號 ); or it may be conceived as permanent and unchangeable (cháng 常, diǎn 典, jì 紀, jīng 經 ); or it may be conceived as long-term but clearly changeable (fǎ 法, lu �律, xiàn 憲, zhāng 章, zhì 制 ).

                              C. The rules may concern legal and economic administration (chéng 程, diǎn 典, dù 度, lu �律, xiàn 憲, zhāng 章, zhì 制, and occasionally fǎ 法 ); or they may concern prohibitions of criminal conduct (fǎ 法, pì 辟, xíng 刑 ); or they may be general moral guidelines on conduct (cháng 常, hào 號, lìng 令, jì 紀 ).

                              D. The focus may be on the written documents containing the rules as such (diǎn 典, xiàn 憲, zhāng 章 ); or the focus may be on the content of the rules (cháng 常, chéng 程, dù 度, lìng 令, zhì 制 ); or the primary focus may be on oral promulgation of the rule (hào 號 ).

                              E. The rules may be regarded as a collective system (cháng 常, jì 紀, jīng 經, zhì 制 ); or they may be conceived as individual legal prescriptions (all others).

                            • GENERATION

                              1. The dominant general word for a generation is shì 世, and this word has strong temporal connotations referring to the period of one generation, and the word has a certain syntactic flexibility. Sān shì 三世 refers to three generations.

                              2. Dài 代 refers to the length of a whole dynasty comprising several generations, and the word in this meaning has little syntactic flexibility. Sān dài 三代 refers to three dynasties Xià, Shāng, and Zhōu. See DYNASTY

                              3. Jì 紀 refers to a cycle of 12 years, sān jì 三紀 refers to a period of thirty-six years, but from Later Han times, the reference is often more generally to a generation.

                              4. Tiān xià 天下 "all under Heaven" often refers generally to all people alive at a certain time.

                              5. Shí rén 時人 refers specifically and prosaically to the people of the time.

                            • RECORD

                              1. The most current general word for noting something down so as to prevent it from being forgotten is jì 記.

                              2. Zhì 志 as well as the late and rare lù 錄 refer to making a record of something for the inspiration of others.

                              3. Zǎi 載 is a rare word and refers to making a due formal, sometimes even ritual record of something in the proper literary place.

                              4. Jǔ 舉 refers to not omitting something from the record and bringing it up there as one should.

                              5. Jì 紀 is sometimes used interchangeably with jì 記, but the specific force of jì 紀 is to focus not just on recording but on the compilation and redaction of a comprehensive record.

                              Word relations
                            • Contrast: (RULE)經/RULE Jīng 經 refers to an operative underlying main principle which man also may take as a guideline.
                            • Assoc: (RECORD)著/WRITE Zhù 著 and zhuàn 撰 are late words referring to the act of writing of a text.
                            • Assoc: (RECORD)載/RECORD Zǎi 載 is a rare word and refers to making a due formal, sometimes even ritual record of something in the proper literary place.
                            • Oppos: (RULE)綱/RULE Gāng 綱 refers primarily to the guide-rope of a net, and then by extension to a general guideline guiding one through something complex.