DOCUMENT    文獻書

ARTEFACT PRODUCED FOR CONTAINING WRITING.
WRITINGWORKSCOMPOSITIONSBOOKSPUBLICATIONSOEUVREPAPERSARTICLESESSAYS
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.) 2. Zhì 志 typically refers to a systematic coherent record. 3. Jì 記 refers to an ordered record designed to serve as an aide-memoire. 4. Jí 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute. 5. Zhuàn 傳 refers to an explanatory record, typically a record based on or commenting upon other written sources. 6. Lǎn 覽 refers to a comprehensive survey on a subject. 7. Xí 檄 refers to a written military command. 8. Sān chǐ 三尺 refers to the text of a law formally inscribed on large three-foot tablets. 9. Cè 冊／策 refers to a document, typically in the form of a bundle of bamboo strips. NB: Xìn 信 "letter" is post-Han.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 COMMUNICATIONS 4. 書，一切書面記錄。 籍，文獻檔案的通稱。 簿，賬目和文書記事本； “ 帳 ” 出現後， “ 簿 ” 專表文書記事本。 帳，錢財進出的記錄本。
Modern Chinese Criteria
文獻 公文 文件 証書 証券 縹帙 緗帙 縹緗 卷帙 卷帙浩繁 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CALENDAR　LIST of the DAYS of the YEAR. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • CLASSIC　DOCUMENT of INTENSELY BIG AUTHORITY, TYPICALLY USED in EDUCATION. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • LETTER　PRIVATE DOCUMENT FOR SENDING TO, and ADDRESSING, someone. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • STATIONARY　EMPTY DOCUMENT. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • BOOK VOLUME　DOCUMENT of MANY PAGES TIED TOGETHER. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • LIST　DOCUMENT JUXTAPOSES NAMES of THINGS. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • DICTIONARY　DOCUMENT which SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLAINS the WORDS of a LANGUAGE. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • LITERATURE　DOCUMENT CREATED as ART OR BELIEVED to BE ART. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • COMMENTARY　DOCUMENT which SYSTEMATICALLY EXPLAINS the MEANING of ANOTHER DOCUMENT. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • BOOK　BIG DOCUMENT CONTAINING MANY CHAPTERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • NEWSPAPER　PUBLIC PRINTED DOCUMENT PUBLISHED ALL:every DAY, WEEK, OR MONTH. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • POEM　DOCUMENT WRITTEN IN SHORT LINES, TYPICALLY of REGULAR RHYTHM AND HAVING RHYME. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • BIOGRAPHY　DOCUMENT DESCRIBING THE LIFE OF A HUMAN. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • PREFACE　DOCUMENT AT THE BEGINNING OR END OF A BOOK, EXPLAINING ITS WRITING. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • GENRE　DOCUMENT BELONGING TO A CULTURALLY DEFINED TYPE AND STYLE. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
Part of
See also
Hypernym
  • ARTEFACT　THING PRODUCED by MAN. (anc: 4/0, child: 26)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.61

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 1966) p. 236

    Schreibaefelchen:

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 729

    Buch:

    F collects many Han reliefs depicting books.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 800

    Schriftstueck:

  • 古代文化詞異集類辨考 Gudai wenhua ci yi ji lei bian kao ( HUANG JINGUI 1995) p.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    SCRIPTIO

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 89

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 232

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.341

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    NEKROLOG

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 125

    • Words (47 items)

    書  shū OC: qhlja MC: ɕi̯ɤ 101 Attributions

    The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 詩/SONG Shī 詩 refers to a regularly rhymed song with a generally regular number of syllables per line.
    • Assoc: 籍/DOCUMENT Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.
    • Oppos: 言/SPEAK Yán 言 is to speak up, propose, typically in public, and on one's own initiative, to maintain something, and the word can indroduce direct speech as well as occasionally very limited indirect speech.

      Syntactic words
    • nliterary document; writings; written document of any kind; often specifically: official document; book; stationary
    • nprthe Book of Documents
    文字  wén zì OC: mɯn sɡlɯs MC: mi̯un dzɨ 20 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmliterature; written material; texts
    春秋  chūn qiū OC: thjun tshiw MC: tɕhʷin tshɨu 13 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPprAnnals; often specifically: the Annals attributed to Confucius
    策  cè OC: skhreeɡ MC: ʈʂhɣɛk
    冊  cè OC: skhreeɡ MC: ʈʂhɣɛk
    筴  cè OC: skhreeɡ MC: ʈʂhɣɛk 13 Attributions

    Cè 冊／策 refers to a document, typically in the form of a bundle of bamboo strips.

      Syntactic words
    • nbundle of bamboo strips for writing on; document; recordsbamboo or wooden strips woven together as a mat (the character 冊 depicts this). Ordinarily hemp was used for string, but silk could be used for especially valuable writings; perhaps leather ( 韋 ) was used in a similar way. On each strip were cut triangular indentations to keep the string in place. It was common to have two or three strings ( 編, 道 ). The last strip served as a center around which the 冊 was wrapped. On the back of the first strip the title of the 冊 could be written. Each strip could have a serial number. 冊 and 策 appear to be used interchangably, except that wheras 策 is a general word for strips of any length women in the above way, 策 (cf. its original meaning of "whip") is preferably made of rather long strips. 冊 is not used for counting written material. [JP]STATIONARY
    • nadVfigurativeusing a formal document, certified by a document > legally > formally, officially
    • nexaminationexamination document
    傳  zhuàn OC: dons MC: ɖiɛn 11 Attributions

    Zhuàn 傳 refers to an explanatory record, typically a record based on or commenting upon other written sources.

      Syntactic words
    • ntraditional account based on pre-existing sources, tradition
    • nspecificpassport
    記  jì OC: kɯs MC: kɨ 10 Attributions

    Jì 記 refers to an ordered record designed to serve as an aide-memoire.

      Syntactic words
    • n(that which is recorded>) a record; ordered record to aid memory; a written notice
    笏  hù OC: hmɯɯd MC: huot 6 Attributions
    • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 762

      hu:

      Very common on Han reliefs.

      Syntactic words
    • nwooden tablet inscribed with duties at court; ritual 笏 were made of jade
    經典  jīng diǎn OC: keeŋ tɯɯnʔ MC: keŋ ten 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPsutra
    • NPc(concrete) classic, scripture
    • NPpluralHANSHU: the received scriptures; sutra
    志  zhì OC: kljɯs MC: tɕɨ 4 Attributions

    Zhì 志 typically refers to a systematic coherent record.2

      Syntactic words
    • npublic and official record; document
    簡書  jiǎn shū OC: kreenʔ qhlja MC: kɣɛn ɕi̯ɤ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPwriting on bamboo> bamboo document
    籍  jí OC: sɡaɡ MC: dziɛk 4 Attributions

    Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.

      Word relations
    • Object: 据據 / 據/RELY ON
    • Epithet: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
    • Contrast: 典/CLASSIC Diǎn 典 is highly archaic and begins to be obsolete by Warring States times though the word did survive as a deliberate archaism.See also DECREE and LAW
    • Contrast: 簿/DOCUMENT
    • Assoc: 簿/DOCUMENT
    • Assoc: 書/DOCUMENT The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)
    • Assoc: 篇/BOOK VOLUME Piān 篇 refers to any series of writing tablets strung together in the right order that represent some complete piece of writing.
    • Assoc: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.

      Syntactic words
    • ndocuments of statedocuments of state, statutes of stateCH
    • nstate-officialdocuments of state; written non-legal records of state
    • vtoNpassiveN have been registered; a list of Ns have been madeDS
    論  lùn OC: ɡ-ruuns MC: luo̝n 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ntreatise
    • nbuddhistsutra
    法藏  fǎ zàng OC: pab sɡaaŋs MC: pi̯ɐp dzɑŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. dharma-piṭaka (collection of Buddhist texts; see san1zàng 三藏)
    書策  shū cè OC: qhlja skhreeɡ MC: ɕi̯ɤ ʈʂhɣɛk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraldocuments, books
    三藏  sān zàng OC: saam sɡaaŋs MC: sɑm dzɑŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: three baskets (of texts) > Tripiṭaka
    圖籍  tú jí MC: du dzjek OC: daa sɡaɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmaps and tax registers; the key documents of a stateLZ
    大雅  dà dài yǎ MC: dajH ngaeX OC: daads ŋɡraaʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npr"Great Elegantiae", one of the major parts of the Book of SongsLZ
    甫刑  fǔ xíng MC: pjuX heng OC: paʔ ɡeeŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • npra chapter of the Book of Documents, whose standard name is Lü3xing2 呂刑LZ
    毗尼藏  pí ní zàng OC: bi nil sɡaaŋs MC: bi ɳi dzɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. vinaya-piṭaka (collection of monastic rules and related texts)
    藏  zàng OC: sɡaaŋs MC: dzɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabbuddhistBUDDH: basket/repository > set of canonical Buddhist texts, see 三臧
    覽  lǎn OC: ɡ-raamʔ MC: lɑm 1 Attribution

    Lǎn 覽 refers to a comprehensive survey on a subject.

      Syntactic words
    • nsurvey
    周易  zhōu yì OC: tjɯw leeɡs MC: tɕɨu jiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPBook of Changes
    識志  zhì zhì MC: tsyiH tsyiH OC: kljɯɡs kljɯs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPrecords, documentsLZ
    文筆  wén bǐ OC: mɯn prud MC: mi̯un pit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPliterary compilations; notes, writings
    主  zhǔ OC: tjoʔ MC: tɕi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ninscribed ancestral tablet placed in temple GULIANG 作喜公主"made an ancestral tablet for Lord Xi"
    載籍  zài zuò MC: tsojH -- OC: sklɯɯs -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPdocument, recordsCH
    書圖  shū tú OC: qhlja daa MC: ɕi̯ɤ duo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraldocuments and illustrations> documents
    信  xìn OC: sins MC: sin 1 Attribution

    NB: Xìn 信 "letter" is post-Han.

      Syntactic words
    • nwritten document, letter
    阿毗曇藏  ā pí tán zàng OC: qlaal bi doom sɡaaŋs MC: ʔɑ bi dəm dzɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. Abidharma-piṭaka (collection of texts consisting of commentaries on the sūtras)
    命  mìng OC: mɢreŋs MC: mɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nformal document stating results of an agreement or a public order etc.
    修多羅藏  xiū duō luó zàng OC: sqlɯw k-laal b-raal sɡaaŋs MC: sɨu tɑ lɑ dzɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: skr. Sūtra-piṭaka (collection of the sermons of Buddha)
    書疏  shū shù MC: syo -- OC: qhlja -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialdocuments; missives of any kindCH
    篇章  piān zhāng MC: phjien tsyang OC: phen kjaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPchapters and sections, components of a bookCH
    章  zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nofficially sanctioned (and stamped?) document
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    獄詞  yù cí MC: ngjowk zi OC: ŋoɡ sɢlɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPtextalso written as 獄辭: written confessionDS
    草  cǎo OC: tshuuʔ MC: tshɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nadNdrafted only
    載  zǎi OC: skɯɯʔ MC: tsəi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npost-Han: formal record
    三尺  sān chǐ OC: saam thjaɡ MC: sɑm tɕhiɛk 0 Attributions

    Sān chǐ 三尺 refers to the text of a law formally inscribed on large three-foot tablets.

      Syntactic words
    • nlong wooden tablet used for writing down laws
    書契  shū qì OC: qhlja khees MC: ɕi̯ɤ khei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactthe invention of written documents
    • NPnonreferentialdocuments
    文藻  wén zǎo OC: mɯn tsaawʔ MC: mi̯un tsɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtextliterary work
    典籍  diǎn jí OC: tɯɯnʔ sɡaɡ MC: ten dziɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluraldocuments
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npr"Great Elegantiae", one of the major parts of the Book of SongsLZ
    讖緯  chèn wěi OC: tshrims ɢuls MC: ʈʂhim ɦɨi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPmystical prophetical books of the Eastern Han
    檄  xí OC: ɡleeɡ MC: ɦek 0 Attributions

    Xí 檄 refers to a written military command.

      Syntactic words
    • na long (2 chǐ 尺) jiǎn 簡, typically used for writing military commands on
    書繩  shū shéng OC: qhlja sbljɯŋ MC: ɕi̯ɤ ʑɨŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdocument???
    簏  lù OC: roog MC: luk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • ndivine/heavenly appointment document
    簿  bù OC: baaʔ MC: buo̝ 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 籍/DOCUMENT Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.
    • Assoc: 籍/DOCUMENT Jǐ2 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.

      Syntactic words
    • nrecord; ledger