SONG 歌歌
POEM SUNG CONFORMING to a MELODY.
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Shī 詩 refers to a regularly rhymed song with a generally regular number of syllables per line.
3. Fēng 風 refers to a folk song with a given melody.
4. Fù 賦 refers originally to any narrative or descriptive song in early texts but came to refer to the genre of rhyme prose.
5. Yáo 謠 refers to a folksong, mostly in ancient texts to a children's ditty, with a more or less fixed melody, but the focus seems to be on the text and there is no accompanying music involved.
6. O!u 謳 is a dialect word (state of Qi) referring to popular work-songs with a more or less fixed melody.
7. Yín 吟 is occasionally used, from late Han and Three Kingdoms times onwards, as a noun and refers to a popular song.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
ART 3.
歌，有樂器伴奏的歌唱。
謠，無樂器伴奏的清唱。
詠，長聲吟唱。
謳，齊聲歌唱。
倡，領唱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
民歌
民謠
歌謠
風
風謠
俚歌
兒歌
童謠
絕唱 "peak of poetic perfection"
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
SING
canere is to make vocal or instrumental music.
cantare is to make vocal music.
psallere is to play string music, typically by plucking strings.
SONG
canticum is a song that is still in vogue.
cantilena is a song that used to be very popular but has lost the attractiveness of current vogue.
carmen is a natural song which is famous mostly for its words, may even be a poem that can only occasionally be sung.
poema is an ambitious poem which can be sung, but does not have to be.
- Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques
(
DUFOUR 1910)
p.
24 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
CARMINA
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
18 - Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
234 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Rhetorik
(
UEDING 1992ff)
p.
5.259 - 王力古漢語字典
(
WANG LI 2000)
p.
謳，謠，歌
1. WL claims that o1u 謳 and ya2o 謠 refer to local folksongs when used as nouns. But ya2o 謠 is predominantly used for children's ditties, to2ng ya2o 童謠 in pre-Buddhist times, whereas o1u 謳 is never used to refer to any such thing and refers regularly to popular work-songs as used, for example, by builders or men who milk cows, and it would appear that such songs could also be about emperors and kings.
- Ästhetische Grundbegriffe
(
BARCK 2010)
p.
5.87
Words
詩 shī OC: qhljɯ MC: ɕɨ 66 Attributions
Shī 詩 refers to a regularly rhymed song with a generally regular number of syllables per line.
- Word relations
- Object: 學/STUDY
The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation. - Contrast: 書/DOCUMENT
The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)
- Syntactic words
- nsong (note that one 歌s these songs)
- nprpluralthe canonical Songs, particularly those collected in what is known later as Shijing
- nprtextthe Book of Songs
聲 shēng OC: qjeŋ MC: ɕiɛŋ 18 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nsong, pop song; folk song; tune
歌 gē OC: klaal MC: kɑ 14 Attributions
The current general word for a song with or without accompanying music of any kind is gē 歌.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 謠/SONG
Yáo 謠 refers to a folksong, mostly in ancient texts to a children's ditty, with a more or less fixed melody, but the focus seems to be on the text and there is no accompanying music involved.
- Syntactic words
- nobjectsong; popular song (also that of primitive peoples etc)
謠 yáo OC: k-lew MC: jiɛu 9 Attributions
Yáo 謠 refers to a folksong, mostly in ancient texts to a children's ditty, with a more or less fixed melody, but the focus seems to be on the text and there is no accompanying music involved.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 童/BOY
Tóng 童 by itself is an archaic word referring to a boy, but the term enters freely into non-archaic binomes. - Assoc: 歌/SONG
The current general word for a song with or without accompanying music of any kind is gē 歌.
- Syntactic words
- nsong; ditty 童謠
頌 sòng OC: sɢloŋs MC: zi̯oŋ 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nBuddhist rhythmic chant; song
- nprthe sòng "Praise" part of the Book of Songs
童謠 tóng yáo OC: dooŋ k-lew MC: duŋ jiɛu 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPchildren's ditty
章 zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nstanza
吟 yín OC: ŋɡrɯm MC: ŋim 3 Attributions
Yín 吟 is occasionally used, from late Han and Three Kingdoms times onwards, as a noun and refers to a popular song.
- Syntactic words
- nabtextsong 白頭吟
- viactsing songs 吳吟 "sing in the Wú style"
曲 qǔ MC: -- OC: -- 3 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nsong, tune
賦 fù OC: pas MC: pi̯o 3 Attributions
Fù 賦 refers originally to any narrative or descriptive song in early texts but came to refer to the genre of rhyme prose.
- Syntactic words
- nrhyme prose; poetic exposition
誦 sòng OC: sɢloŋs MC: zi̯oŋ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nsong; poem
風 fēng OC: plum MC: puŋ 2 Attributions
Fēng 風 refers to a folk song with a given melody.
- Syntactic words
- nair, song
- nprtext"Airs", a part of the Book of SongsLZ
音 yīn MC: 'im OC: qrɯmCH 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nsong as part of musical performanceCH
謳 ōu OC: qoo MC: ʔu 1 Attribution
Ōu 謳 is a dialect word (state of Qi) referring to popular work-songs with a more or less fixed melody.
- Syntactic words
- nsong
雅 yǎ OC: ŋɡraaʔ MC: ŋɣɛ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nprThe Ya-style of poetry in the Book of Songs
九歌 jiǔ gē OC: kuʔ klaal MC: kɨu kɑ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPNine Songs in praise of water, fire, metal, woodearth and grain (the 六府）and the three political tasks
法頌 fǎ sòng OC: pab sɢloŋs MC: pi̯ɐp zi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPabtextBuddhist ode
賦頌 fù sòng OC: pas sɢloŋs MC: pi̯o zi̯oŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialsongs of all kinds
成 chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nstanza, complete part; full round of a tune
小雅 xiǎo yǎ MC: sjewX ngaeX OC: smewʔ ŋɡraaʔLZ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPprtext"Lesser Odes", a part of the Book of SongsLZ
興詠 xīng yǒng MC: xing hjwaengH OC: qhɯŋ ɢʷaŋsVK 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPsongVK
嘆 tàn OC: mqhlaans MC: thɑn
嘆 tān OC: mqhlaan MC: thɑn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabactplaintive song
弄 nòng OC: ɡ-rooŋs MC: luŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabactsong
引 yǐn OC: liŋʔ MC: jin 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabactlong song
律 lǜ OC: b-rud MC: lʷin 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nregular poetry
行 xíng OC: ɢraaŋ MC: ɦɣaŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nsong
調 diào OC: dɯɯws MC: deu 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- ntune, air
商歌 shāng gē OC: qhjaŋ klaal MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ kɑ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
山歌 shān gē OC: sreen klaal MC: ʂɣɛn kɑ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPpopular erotic lyric
樂府 yuè fǔ OC: ŋɡraawɡ poʔ MC: ŋɣɔk pi̯o 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nHAN: folk song
歌謠 gē yáo OC: klaal k-lew MC: kɑ jiɛu 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralfolksongs
辭 cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabtexttext to a tune; text of a song
亂 luàn OC: ɡ-roons MC: lʷɑn 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nlast stanza in a rhyme prose poem 賦
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nsong as part of musical performanceCH
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: