SING    唱歌歌

SPEAK CONFORMING to a MELODY.
CROONCAROLTRILLCHANTINTONECHORUSINFORMAL BELT OUT
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌. 2. Míng 鳴 refers to the singing of non-human agents. 3. Chàng 唱 is to set the tune in singing, but the word later came to refer also to reciting prose texts in a dramatic drawn-out manner. See CHANT 4. Hé 和 is to chime in singing according to a tune set by someone else. 5. O!u 謳 and the rarer yáo 謠 refer specifically to unaccompanied singing of songs, typically folk songs.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ART 3. 歌，有樂器伴奏的歌唱。 謠，無樂器伴奏的清唱。 詠，長聲吟唱。 謳，齊聲歌唱。 倡，領唱。
Modern Chinese Criteria
唱歌 is the current general modern word for singing. 唱 is a colloquial transitive verb. 歌 refers to whatever is sung. 謳歌 refers in an elevated way to celebratory songs. 歌唱 refers to the singing of songs. 歌詠 (lit) refers to the singing of songs in a literary elevated mode. 歌吟 refers to singing poetry and should probably be under CHANT. 度曲 refers specifically to the singing according to a certain tune. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CHANT　SING POETRY OR PROSE CONFORMING to a SIMPLE MELODY, NOT CONFORMING TO SONG MELODY. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
See also
Hypernym
  • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 18.12

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SING

    canere is to make vocal or instrumental music.

    cantare is to make vocal music.

    psallere is to play string music, typically by plucking strings.

    SONG

    canticum is a song that is still in vogue.

    cantilena is a song that used to be very popular but has lost the attractiveness of current vogue.

    carmen is a natural song which is famous mostly for its words, may even be a poem that can only occasionally be sung.

    poema is an ambitious poem which can be sung, but does not have to be.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 24

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 25

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 44

    Non-birds' sounds.

  • Verzeichnis und Motivindex der Han-Darstellungen ( FINSTERBUSCH 2000) p. 797

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. HANFEI TONGYI 2004

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.1403

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 22

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 759

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    cano, -ere 'to sing' [v. Ill; pf. cecini, ppp. cantum] (Carmen Saliare, P1.+)

    Derivatives: cantare 'to sing' (Naev.+), cantitare 'to sing(repeatedly)' (Ter.+),

    cantor 'singer' (P1.+), cantus, -iis 'singing, song' (Andr.+), cantio 'song' (P1.+);

    canor, -oris [m.] 'song, music', candrus 'resonant, loud' (P1.+); cantilena 'refrain'

    88 caulis

    (Ter.+); carmen, -inis 'song' (Lex XII+); vaticinari 'to prophesy, rave' (P1.+); Lat.

    -cen, -cinis [m.] 'instrument, singer', in: comicen 'trumpeter' (Var., Cic.+), fidicen

    'lyre-player' (Cic.+), fidicina 'female lyre-player* (P1.+), fidicinius 'for lyre-playing'

    (PI.), liticen 'trumpeter' (Cato+), oscen 'a bird that gives omens by its cry, song-bird'

    (Cic.+), siticen 'player on some kind of musical instrument' (Cato apud Gell.), tibicen

    'piper' (P1.+), tibicina 'female piper' (P1.+), tubicen 'trumpeter' (Cato.-).

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no. 28

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. no. 28

    • Words (19 items)

    歌  gē OC: klaal MC: kɑ 84 Attributions

    The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.

      Word relations
    • Inconsist: 哭/WEEP Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh") refers primarily to the (often ritualised) act of lamentation and wailing which may or may not be accompanied by the shedding of tears, and the word is never used to refer to refer to a spontaneous breaking into tears.
    • Ant: 哭/WEEP Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh") refers primarily to the (often ritualised) act of lamentation and wailing which may or may not be accompanied by the shedding of tears, and the word is never used to refer to refer to a spontaneous breaking into tears.
    • Contrast: 吟/CHANT Yín 吟is to hum and quietly intone something for one's own enjoyment, perhaps as one walks along, typically as an expression of one's emotions, and not primarily for others to listen to, and the word is never used as a transitive verb with an object indicating what exancly is being hummed or intoned.
    • Contrast: 哭/WEEP Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh") refers primarily to the (often ritualised) act of lamentation and wailing which may or may not be accompanied by the shedding of tears, and the word is never used to refer to refer to a spontaneous breaking into tears.
    • Contrast: 詠/CHANT The current word for chanting prose for the benefit of others is sòng 誦, and the prose chanted normally has to be of high cultural status.
    • Contrast: 誦/CHANT The current word for chanting poetry in a deeply emotional manner for the benefit of others is yǒng 詠;
    • Assoc: 吟/CHANT Yín 吟is to hum and quietly intone something for one's own enjoyment, perhaps as one walks along, typically as an expression of one's emotions, and not primarily for others to listen to, and the word is never used as a transitive verb with an object indicating what exancly is being hummed or intoned.
    • Assoc: 曲/SONG
    • Assoc: 謳/SING Ōu 謳 and the rarer yáo 謠 refer specifically to unaccompanied singing of songs, typically folk songs.
    • Assoc: 哭/WEEP Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh") refers primarily to the (often ritualised) act of lamentation and wailing which may or may not be accompanied by the shedding of tears, and the word is never used to refer to refer to a spontaneous breaking into tears.
    • Assoc: 弦/STRING The general word for a string of any kind, on any bow or any string instrument, is xián 弦.
    • Relat: 和/SING Hè 和 is to chime in singing according to a tune set by someone else.
    • Oppos: 舞/DANCE There is only one common word for dancing, wǔ4 舞, and this focusses mainly to the movement of the arms.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsinging
    • vising a plaintive songCH
    • viactsing in mourning
    • vi|nabactsing/singingCH
    • vt.+VtoSsing a song with the words 歌曰
    • vt[oN]sing a melody, sing a song, sing along (should this be vt[oN]???) often to accompaniment on the lute
    • vtoNsing, sing about;
    • vtoN.+VtoSsing a song about N with the words S 歌之曰TW
    • vtoNN=soundssing
    • vtoNpassivebe sung the praise of, get praised in song
    鳴  míng OC: mreŋ MC: mɣaŋ 36 Attributions

    Míng 鳴 refers to the singing of non-human agents.

      Word relations
    • Subject: 雞/COCK The standard word for a cock is jī 雞, the same as for "chicken", but occasionally the expanded form xióng jī 雄雞 is used.
    • Assoc: 呼/SHOUT The dominant current word for shouting (and thus using a large amount of breath) is hū 呼 (ant.* niè rú 囁嚅 "whisper").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsinging; mooing; neighing
    • vadNsinging; prone to singing; prone to giving off sound, resounding
    • viactof non-humans and even inanimate objects, primarily of birds: sing; crow; make a sound; also of bovines: moo
    • vtoNderivedsqueak at (a person)CH
    謳  ōu OC: qoo MC: ʔu 20 Attributions

    Ōu 謳 and the rarer yáo 謠 refer specifically to unaccompanied singing of songs, typically folk songs.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 吟/CHANT Yín 吟is to hum and quietly intone something for one's own enjoyment, perhaps as one walks along, typically as an expression of one's emotions, and not primarily for others to listen to, and the word is never used as a transitive verb with an object indicating what exancly is being hummed or intoned.
    • Assoc: 歌/SING The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.
    • Assoc: 謠/SING O!u 謳 and the rarer yáo 謠 refer specifically to unaccompanied singing of songs, typically folk songs.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsong; singing
    • v[adN]singer
    • viactsing a song without musical accompaniment
    • vtoNsing (a song); sing about (a person, something)
    歌者  gē zhě MC: ka tsyaeX OC: klaal kljaʔ 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPsingerCH
    • NP=Nprsinger NprCH
    商歌  shāng gē OC: qhjaŋ klaal MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ kɑ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactsing a peddler's song in the Shang mode
    • VPiactsinging peddler's songs
    唱  chàng OC: thjaŋs MC: tɕhi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

    Chàng 唱is to set the tune in singing, but the word later came to refer also to reciting prose texts in a dramatic drawn-out manner. See CHANT

      Syntactic words
    • nabderivedfigurative: intonation, musical activationCH
    • viactcall the tune
    • vtoNsing and set the tune, call the tune
    謳歌  ōu gē OC: qoo klaal MC: ʔu kɑ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactengage in any kind of singing
    • VPtoNsing the praise of (someone) in any way
    歌謠  gē yáo OC: klaal k-lew MC: kɑ jiɛu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactsongs
    • VPiactsing songs
    • VPtoNsing the praises of
    歌謳  gē ōu OC: klaal qoo MC: kɑ ʔu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNsing songs and ballads about
    謠  yáo OC: k-lew MC: jiɛu 2 Attributions

    O!u 謳 and the rarer yáo 謠 refer specifically to unaccompanied singing of songs, typically folk songs.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 吟/CHANT Yín 吟is to hum and quietly intone something for one's own enjoyment, perhaps as one walks along, typically as an expression of one's emotions, and not primarily for others to listen to, and the word is never used as a transitive verb with an object indicating what exancly is being hummed or intoned.
    • Assoc: 謳/SING Ōu 謳 and the rarer yáo 謠 refer specifically to unaccompanied singing of songs, typically folk songs.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactsinging; crooning
    • viactsing without musical accompaniment
    雊  gòu OC: koos MC: ku 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNsinging
    • viactsing
    和  hè OC: ɡools MC: ɦʷɑ 2 Attributions

    Hè 和 is to chime in singing according to a tune set by someone else.

      Word relations
    • Relat: 歌/SING The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)sing along with a contextually determinate person
    • vtoNsing along with someone (who sets the tune)
    • vtoNfigurativesing along with someone who sets the tone > assent and followLZ
    唱言  chàng yán OC: thjaŋs ŋan MC: tɕhi̯ɐŋ ŋi̯ɐn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSquotationsing S
    歌詠  gē yǒng MC: ka hjwaengH OC: klaal ɢʷaŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNsing the praises ofCH
    詠歌  yǒng gē MC: hjwaengH ka  OC: ɢʷaŋs klaal 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNsing the poetic praises ofCH
    歌曰  gē yuē OC: klaal ɢʷad MC: kɑ ɦi̯ɐt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoSsing as follows
    詩  shī OC: qhljɯ MC: ɕɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN
    咢  è OC: ŋɡlaaɡ MC: ŋɑk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactsing to one's own solo drum accompaniment
    樂  yuè OC: ŋɡraawɡ MC: ŋɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsing (a tune, a song) LIJI