WEEP  哭泣泣

REACT OR ACT by PRODUCING TEARS IN-RELATION-T0 something one INTENSELY FEELS is SAD.
CRYSHED TEARSSOBSNIVELWHIMPERWHINEWAILBAWLINFORMAL BOO-HOOBLUBBER
Antonym
  • LAUGHREACT OR ACT BREATHING OUT SUDDENLY AND USING a COMPLEX MOVEMENT of the FACE TYPICALLY SHOWING DELIGHT.
    Hypernym
    • REACTCHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something.
      • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME.
          • REALITYEXIST and NOT ONLY BE IMAGINED....
    See also
    • TEARSBODY JUICE in the form of SALTY WATER TYPICALLY ISSUING from the EYES WHEN one FEELS INTENSE GRIEF OR SADNESS.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word for weeping as a spontaneous reaction is qì 泣.

      2. Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh") refers primarily to the (often ritualised) act of lamentation and wailing which may or may not be accompanied by the shedding of tears, and the word is never used to refer to refer to a spontaneous breaking into tears. (Note HNZ: 其哭哀而無聲 )

      3. Háo 號 refers to noisy ritual wailing with no suggestion of any shedding of tears.

      4. Tí 啼 refers to plaintive long-drawn wailing.

      5. Tì 涕 focusses specifically on the shedding of tears, but there is often an admixture of snivel.

      6. Lìn 臨 refers to wailing, possibly accompanied by weeping, en groupe on the occasion of someone's death.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      哭

      啼哭

      啼

      哭鼻子

      哭哭啼啼

      哭喪著臉

      泣

      哭泣

      飲泣

      啜泣

      涕泣

      淹泣

      淹涕

      抽泣

      抽噎

      抽搭

      哽咽

      幽咽

      悲咽

      嗚咽

      吞聲

      飲泣吞聲

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 763

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 16.37

      • Dictionnaire des Lumieres ( DELON 1997) p. 643ff

        see TEARS

      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 231

        PLORARE, FLERE, PLANGERE, LAMENTARE

        227. Inter Flere et plorare. Flere est ubertim lacrymas [col. 34A] fundere, quasi fluere, plorare est quasi cum voce flere, plangere, cum lacrymis pectus aut faciem tundere. Lamentari, est cum aliquibus dictis miserabilibus flere. Moerere, cum silentio dolere. Lugere est cum habitus mutatione. Lacrymas autem a laceratione mentis dictas. Lugentes vero dicti, quasi luce egentes, unde et luctus [ F., lucus] dicitur.

      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 98

        PLORATUS, PLANCTUS, FLETUS

        425. Inter Ploratum, planctum, et fletum. Ploratus tantum lacrymarum est, planctus tantum vocum, fletus ad utrumque pertinet.

      • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

        WEEP

        lacrimare refers to the physical consequence of certain kinds of emotion of the mind, joyful or sorrowful, in the form of shedding tears.

        plorare refers to a passionate expression of grief by wailing and crying.

        flere partes of the passionless feeling denoted by lacrimare, but at the same time of the feeling of grief denoted by plorare.

        lamentari refers to a higher degree of passionate lamentation than plorare.

        eiaculare refers to a wailing interrupted by cries and sobs.

      • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 145

      • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 200

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 61

      • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 288

      • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 3.1800

      • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 34/5

      • Histoire des larmes. XVIII-XIX siecles ( Vincent-Buffault 1986) p.

      • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 134

      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 119

        1. WL shows no understanding of the distinction between the action verb ku1 哭 "wail, lament" and the reaction qi4 泣"weep".

      • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 232

      • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.290

      • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 289

      • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 52A

      Words

      哭  kū OC: ŋʰooɡ MC: khuk 39 AttributionsWD

      Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh") refers primarily to the (often ritualised) act of lamentation and wailing which may or may not be accompanied by the shedding of tears, and the word is never used to refer to refer to a spontaneous breaking into tears.

        Word relations
      • Inconsist: 歌/SING The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.
      • Ant: 歌/SING The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.
      • Contrast: 歌/SING The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.
      • Assoc: 泣/WEEP The current general word for weeping as a spontaneous reaction is qì 泣.
      • Assoc: 歌/SING The current general word for singing a song is gē 歌.

        Syntactic words
      • nabact“號哭” lamentation
      • vadV“號哭” loudly lamentingCH
      • viact“號哭”
      • vt+Npl“號哭”wail in Npl
      • vt+prep+NN=placewail in the place NDS
      • vtoN“號哭” bewail; lament, conduct ritual wailing on the occasion of the funeral of
      泣  qì OC: khrub MC: khip 29 AttributionsWD

      The current general word for weeping as a spontaneous reaction is qì 泣.

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 哭/WEEP Kū 哭 (ant. xiào 笑 "laugh") refers primarily to the (often ritualised) act of lamentation and wailing which may or may not be accompanied by the shedding of tears, and the word is never used to refer to refer to a spontaneous breaking into tears.
      • Assoc: 涕 / 涕/WEEP Tì 涕focusses specifically on the shedding of tears, but there is often an admixture of snivel.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactweeping
      • vadVin tears
      • viactweep demonstratively
      • vireactcome to shed tears; sob, weep
      • vtoNweep (blood, tears)
      • vtoNweep in sympathy with, weep in the sight ofCH
      • vtoNN=humanweep/sob together with 相泣
      流涕  liú tì OC: ru lʰiils MC: lɨu thei 15 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactshed tears
      啼  tí OC: ɡ-lee MC: dei 10 AttributionsWD

      Tí 啼refers to plaintive long-drawn wailing.

        Word relations
      • Ant: 笑/LAUGH The clearly predominant word for smiling and laughing is xiào 笑 which refers to any laughter, loud or quiet, kind or unkind.
      • Assoc: 號/WEEP Háo 號 refers to noisy ritual wailing with no suggestion of any shedding of tears.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactweeping
      • nabactmournful long drawn out song
      • viactcry; wail in a long drawn-out way;
      • viactsing a wailing song (of birds etc)
      臨  lìn OC: b-rɯms MC: lim 8 AttributionsWD

      Lìn 臨 refers to wailing, possibly accompanied by weeping, en groupe on the occasion of someone's death.

        Syntactic words
      • viactwail en groupe as part of public mourning read: lin4
      涕  tì OC: lʰiils MC: thei
      涕  tǐ OC: lʰiilʔ MC: thei 7 AttributionsWD

      Tì 涕focusses specifically on the shedding of tears, but there is often an admixture of snivel.

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 泣/WEEP The current general word for weeping as a spontaneous reaction is qì 泣.

        Syntactic words
      • nabeventthe shedding of tears
      • viactshed tears
      • vtoNweep (tears) 涕血 "weep tears"
      號  háo OC: ɢluu MC: ɦɑu 7 AttributionsWD

      Háo 號 refers to noisy ritual wailing with no suggestion of any shedding of tears.

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 啼/WEEP Tí 啼refers to plaintive long-drawn wailing.

        Syntactic words
      • viactwail loudly
      哭泣  kū qì OC: ŋʰooɡ khrub MC: khuk khip 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactwailing and weeping
      • VPiactwail and weep
      啼哭  tí kū OC: ɡ-lee ŋʰooɡ MC: dei khuk 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactweeping
      • VPiactweep and wail, lament
      涕泣  tì qì OC: lʰiils khrub MC: thei khip 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPmsnivel and tears; tears
      • VPiactweep profusely
      悲泣  bēi qì OC: prɯl khrub MC: pi khip 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactweep
      泣涕  qì tì OC: khrub lʰiils MC: khip thei 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactweep
      啼泣  tí qì OC: ɡ-lee khrub MC: dei khip 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactweep profusely
      殞涕  yǔn tì OC: ɢunʔ lʰiils MC: ɦin thei
      隕涕  yǔn tì OC: ɢunʔ lʰiils MC: ɦin thei 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiweep
      偯  yǐ OC: qɯlʔ MC: ʔɨi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • viactsob (LI)
      呱  gū OC: kʷaa MC: kuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • viactcry; wail
      泫  xuàn OC: ɡʷeenʔ MC: ɦen 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • viinchoativebreak into tears, start weeping uncontrolably
      漣  lián OC: b-ren MC: liɛn 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vidripping, flowing (as tears)
      出涕  chū tì OC: khljud lʰiils MC: tɕhʷit thei 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPished tears, weep
      墮淚  duò lèi OC: ɡ-loolʔ ruds MC: dʷɑ li 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactshed tears
      悲哭  bēi kū OC: prɯl ŋʰooɡ MC: pi khuk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactweep heart-rendingly
      號哭  háo kū OC: ɢluu ŋʰooɡ MC: ɦɑu khuk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactwail and lament
      號啼  háo tí OC: ɢluu ɡ-lee MC: ɦɑu dei 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactthe act of crying (e.g. of a new-born baby)
      • VPiactcry (as a new-born baby)
      涕淚悲泣  tì lèi bēi qì OC: lʰiils ruds prɯl khrub MC: thei li pi khip 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactbreak into tears; start to weep
      歌哭  gē kū MC: ka khuwk OC: klaal ŋʰooɡCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPilament musically and artfully in songCH
      啜  chuò MC: tsyhwet OC: thjodDS 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • viinversion, emphaticoh, how full of sobbing DS
      咺  xuǎn OC: qhonʔ MC: hi̯ɐn 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNwail loudly
      㥋  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • viactto wail
      潸  shān OC: sqraan MC: ʂɣan 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vi(tears) are flowing ??
      叫號  jiào hào OC: kiiws ɢluus MC: keu ɦɑu 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactcry (as of babies)
      含淚  hán lèi OC: ɡlɯɯm ruds MC: ɦəm li 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadVwith tears in one's eyes (but without weeping openly)
      • VPiacthave tears in one's eyes

      Existing SW for

      Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:

        Searching Wikidata

        Type: