PROFIT    利益益

Something GOOD that IS USEFUL TO THE ONE WHO HAS IT.
BENEFITADVANTAGEBENEFITVALUEUSEGOODAVAILGAINRETURN(S)YIELDPROCEEDSEARNINGSWINNINGSSURPLUSEXCESSINFORMAL PAY DIRTBOTTOM LINE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for any kind of material or other profit or advantage is yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "loss"). 2. Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit. 3. Dé 得 (ant. shī 失 "lose") refers abstractly to what is achieved as a desired advantage. 5. Rù 入 (ant. chū 出 "expense") is manifest material gain. 6. Biàn 便 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hindrance and disadvantage") refers to a convenient adantage.
Modern Chinese Criteria
益處 好處 油水 揩油水 利益 裨益 補益 滋益 裨益 (lit) refers typically to benefit one provides for others. 便宜 橫財 refers specifically to ill-gotten gain. 益 補 裨 利 潤 利息 利錢 子息 子金 利 息 年利 年息 月利 月息 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • INTERESTS　JUSTLY OR NATURALLY DESIRED PROFIT. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • DAMAGECHANGE so as to CAUSE TO BECOME MORE BAD.
Hypernym
  • GOOD　EXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL. (anc: 5/0, child: 6)
  • EXCELLENT　FEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS (anc: 4/0, child: 11)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 11.73

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1334

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 473

    BENEFICIUM

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 150

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 227

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    LUCRUM

  • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. II.439

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.303.265.

    GAIN.PROFIT.LCRE.EMOLUMENT.BENEFICE; UTILITE.PROFIT.AVANTAGE

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 60B

    • Words (39 items)

    利  lì OC: rids MC: li 250 Attributions

    Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 凶/DISASTER Xiōng 凶, shěng 眚 and jiù 咎 are archaic metaphysical terms for misfortunes.
    • Ant: 害/DAMAGE By far the commonest general word for damage is hài 害 (ant. lì 利"benefit").
    • Ant: 患/DISASTER Huàn 患 refers to any major or minor disaster, even down to minor irritations.
    • Ant: 仁義/GOOD This refers to morality in general, including virtues other than those mentioned explicitly in the binome.
    • Ant: 毀/DESTROY The current general word for destruction of any kind is huǐ 毀, and what is destroyed may anything from a toy or a house to a state.
    • Epithet: 私/SELFISH The standard word for selfishness in classical Chinese is sī 私.
    • Epithet: 厚/ABUNDANT Hòu 厚 (ant. báo 薄 "meagerly supplied with something") primarily refers to man-made or man-caused generous abundance, prototypically in contexts such as hospitality or exchange of presents. >>ARTIFICIAL
    • Epithet: 私/PRIVATE The dominant current word for privacy is sī 私 (ant. gōng 公 "public"), and the word designates everything that falls outside the responsibility of public administration. Contrast SELFISH.
    • Contrast: 便/PROFIT Biàn 便 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hindrance and disadvantage") refers to a convenient adantage.
    • Contrast: 用/USE The current general word is yòng 用 (ant. fèi 廢 "give up the use of, not use")
    • Contrast: 安/PEACEFUL The dominant general word for peacefulness is ān 安 (wēi 危 "in imminent danger"), but in addition the word also often has considerable philosophical depth and commonly refers to a deep state of unruffled inner serenity in harmony with the outer world.
    • Contrast: 惠/GENEROUS Probably the most general word for generosity is huì 惠 (ant. sè 嗇 "stingy, ungenerous"), and this refers to any kind of emotional as well as material munificence by a person of superior status.
    • Assoc: 安/PEACEFUL The dominant general word for peacefulness is ān 安 (wēi 危 "in imminent danger"), but in addition the word also often has considerable philosophical depth and commonly refers to a deep state of unruffled inner serenity in harmony with the outer world.
    • Assoc: 財/PROPERTY The current very general term for moveable property and particularly things for daily use is cái 財.
    • Oppos: 威/POWER The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power".
    • Oppos: 本/MONEY
    • Oppos: 義/JUSTICE
    • Oppos: 義/RECTITUDE The most general word is yì 義 "rectitude" which is often used to refer to what is proper and what is one's proper duty in general and also duties in particular.

      Syntactic words
    • nabprofitability; advantageousness
    • nabwhat is considered beneficial: natural suitabilityCH
    • nab(post-N)the corresponding profit; the profit resulting from the contextually determinate NCH
    • nab.adNprofit-orientedLZ
    • nab.post-Nprofit for NLZ
    • nab.post-V{NUM}featureadvantages
    • nab[.post-N]conceptself-interest; benefit to oneself (as opposed to 仁義_; considerations of individual  profit
    • nab[post-N]N=indefprofit for oneself/the subject of the sentenceCH
    • nabconceptthe word "lì = profit"DS
    • nabsocialbenefit, profit, advantage; conditions for profit or benefit
    • nm[.post-N]profit, income
    • nm[.post-N]publicpublic benefits, public advantage; what is generally useful, profitability; usefulness (brought to somebody)
    • nsubjectassets; what is profitable, what profits; what is in one's interest, benefit; objective interest; what one can aim for as profit
    • vadNsuperlativethe most advantageousLZ
    • vibe advantageous; be profitable, be advisable
    • vifeatureto be easily enticed by profit
    • viprocessturn out advantageous, provide profit
    • vt(oN)causativemake profit on a contextually determinate transaction, make something contextually determinate turn out profitable
    • vt(oN)objectbring profit to the contextually determinate person
    • vt+prep+Nbe of profit to, be of benefit to
    • vt+V[0]derive profit from
    • vtoNto profit from NLZ
    • vtoNcausativebenefit; be profitable for; provide for the good of; work for the profit of, be of benefit to
    • vtoNcausativecause to be profitable; turn to one's advantage
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe profited; derive profit from, reap the profit
    • vtoNpassivebe regarded as beneficial to one's interests;LZ
    • vtoNpsychprofit (oneself)
    • vtoNputativeregard as beneficial to one's interests; see one's advantage in; profit from; see the benefit in
    • vttoN. V[0]consider N1 to be more profitable than VingLZ
    益  yì OC: qleɡ MC: ʔiɛk 31 Attributions

    The current general word for any kind of material or other profit or advantage is yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "loss").

      Word relations
    • Ant: 害/DAMAGE By far the commonest general word for damage is hài 害 (ant. lì 利"benefit").
    • Epithet: 無 / 毋 / 亡 / 无/LACK The general term for the lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").

      Syntactic words
    • nabfactualbenefit, advantage (as opposed to harm) 何益? What is the benefit?" or "whom does this benefit?"
    • vadNbeneficial, advantageous
    • vibe beneficial, be advantageous
    • vt+prep+Nbe of benefit to
    • vtoNcausativecause to benefit, increase the benefits of 何益? What is the benefit?" or "whom does this benefit?"
    便  biàn OC: bens MC: biɛn 19 Attributions

    Biàn 便 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hindrance and disadvantage") refers to a convenient adantage.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 利/PROFIT Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit.

      Syntactic words
    • noccasionally convenient advantage; personal interests; desired result 其便 "one's desired result"
    • vadNprofitable; beneficial; expedient
    • vibe expedient, advisable, be the right thing to do; be the profitable thing to do
    • vt+prep+Ngradedbe more profitable/conducive than
    • vtoNwork for the benefit of; be suitable (for a purpose); be useful for, be advantageous to; be beneficial to; provide benefits for
    • vtoNcausativemake profitable; make suitable
    • vtoNpsychbenefit (oneself)
    權利  quán lì OC: ɡron rids MC: giɛn li 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpersonal profit and advantage
    • NPabactpursuit of power and profit
    • NPabneutralthe possibilities for power and profit (NB: not one's OWN advantage)
    • NPabpositiveprofit
    實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 10 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 名/WELL-KNOWN The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名.

      Syntactic words
    • nmsubstantial goods> wealth, material comfort, profit
    入  rù OC: njub MC: ȵip 9 Attributions

    Rù 入 (ant. chū 出 "expense") is manifest material gain.

      Syntactic words
    • nmincome (also from taxation); profit, advantages (opposite 出 "expenses".
    用  yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativeusefulness; practical use; effective benefit
    • vibe useful 不用
    利養  lì yǎng OC: rids laŋʔ MC: li ji̯ɐŋ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPprofit and sustenance
    得  dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 8 Attributions

    Dé 得 (ant. shī 失 "lose") refers abstractly to what is achieved as a desired advantage.

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 德/VIRTUE The current general term for salient features and principles of charismatic moral integrity and generosity is dé 德, when used as a term of ethical evalutation; but this word has many other philosophically important meanings.

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionaquisitiveness
    • nabeventgain; possible profit
    • vt[oN]be engaged in gaining things, gain what one desires
    • vt[oN]gain benefitsCH
    • vtoNgain
    有益  yǒu yì OC: ɢʷɯʔ qleɡ MC: ɦɨu ʔiɛk 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]what is profitable
    • VPibe profitable
    • VPt+prep+Nbe of profit to, be profitable to
    利害  lì hài OC: rids ɡaads MC: li ɦɑi 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrelative advantage, constellation of advantages and disadvantages
    利益  lì yì OC: rids qleɡ MC: li ʔiɛk 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfigurativeprofit (in the Buddhist context referring to conditions favourable for a good rebirth)
    • VPtoNmake oneself useful to, benefit
    名利  míng lì OC: meŋ rids MC: miɛŋ li 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPBUDDH: fame and benefit > nominal success in this world, superficial benefit
    厚  hòu OC: ɡoos MC: ɦu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactbenefit others; seek benefit
    • vtoNbe of substantial benefit to, profit substantially
    獲  huò OC: ɢʷreeɡ MC: ɦɣɛk 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nobjectwhat one gets out of something, gain
    • vt+prep+Nprofit at the expense of
    • vt[oN]gain profitable booty; gain profit
    真利  zhēn lì OC: tjin rids MC: tɕin li 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalthe benefit arising from what is genuine/true
    受  shòu OC: djuʔ MC: dʑɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe the source of profit received; be profited from
    張  zhāng OC: krlaŋ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcause to expand> benefit, work for
    澤  zé MC: draek OC: ɡrlaaɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab(.post-N)figurativerich benefits derived from someone or something supremeCH
    • vt+prep+Ncomparativebe more advantageous than NCH
    • vtoNspread benefits toCH
    可利  kě lì MC: khaX lijH OC: khlaalʔ rids 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfeatureprofitabilityLZ
    饒益  ráo yì OC: nɢjew qleɡ MC: ȵiɛu ʔiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNbenefit (others)
    補  bǔ OC: paaʔ MC: puo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vihelp the situation; be of advantage;
    豐  fēng OC: phuŋ MC: phuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabundant profit
    私利  sī lì OC: sil rids MC: si li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialprivate and selfish profit
    霑  zhān OC: krlem MC: ʈiɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreach a person as a benefit????
    姦利  jiān lì OC: kraan rids MC: kɣan li 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialillicit profit
    取  qǔ OC: skhoʔ MC: tshi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactopt for profit; go for profit
    利民  lì mín MC: lijH mjin OC: rids min 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabbenefitting the peopleCH
    息  xī OC: sqlɯɡ MC: sɨk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • ninterest (in kind); profit
    • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    施  shī OC: lʰal MC: ɕiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-V{NUM}stativeadvantageous points; kinds of positive contribution
    材  cái MC: dzoj OC: sɡɯɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto manage N to one's profit, to exploit N (XUN)LZ
    利祿  lì lù OC: rids b-rooɡ MC: li luk 1 Attribution

      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialbenefits and emoluments
    瀸  jiān OC: tsem MC: tsiɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nbenefit, bring benefits to
    便宜  pián yí OC: ben ŋɡral MC: biɛn ŋiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprofit, (small) advantage
    裨  bì OC: pe MC: piɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNarchaic: be of benefit to???
    計  jì OC: kiis MC: kei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychcalculated strategic interest
    貪  tān OC: kh-lɯɯm MC: thəm 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNseek profit from; exploit
    子  zǐ OC: sklɯʔ MC: tsɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmXINTANGSHU: interest, profit
    漁  yú OC: ŋɡla MC: ŋi̯ɤ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words