PROFIT 利益益
Something GOOD that IS USEFUL TO THE ONE WHO HAS IT.
BENEFITADVANTAGEBENEFITVALUEUSEGOODAVAILGAINRETURN(S)YIELDPROCEEDSEARNINGSWINNINGSSURPLUSEXCESSINFORMAL PAY DIRTBOTTOM LINE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for any kind of material or other profit or advantage is yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "loss").
2. Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit.
3. Dé 得 (ant. shī 失 "lose") refers abstractly to what is achieved as a desired advantage.
5. Rù 入 (ant. chū 出 "expense") is manifest material gain.
6. Biàn 便 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hindrance and disadvantage") refers to a convenient adantage.
2. Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit.
3. Dé 得 (ant. shī 失 "lose") refers abstractly to what is achieved as a desired advantage.
5. Rù 入 (ant. chū 出 "expense") is manifest material gain.
6. Biàn 便 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hindrance and disadvantage") refers to a convenient adantage.
Modern Chinese Criteria
益處
好處
油水
揩油水
利益
裨益
補益
滋益
裨益 (lit) refers typically to benefit one provides for others.
便宜
橫財 refers specifically to ill-gotten gain.
益
補
裨
利
潤
利息
利錢
子息
子金
利
息
年利
年息
月利
月息
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
好處
油水
揩油水
利益
裨益
補益
滋益
裨益 (lit) refers typically to benefit one provides for others.
便宜
橫財 refers specifically to ill-gotten gain.
益
補
裨
利
潤
利息
利錢
子息
子金
利
息
年利
年息
月利
月息
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
11.73 - Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles
(
CASSIN 2004)
p.
1334 - De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione
(
COMENIUS 1665)
p.
473 BENEFICIUM
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
150 - “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究
(
HUANG XIAODONG 2003)
p.
227 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
LUCRUM
- Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache
(
MAUTHNER WP 1924)
p.
II.439 - SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
1.303.265. GAIN.PROFIT.LCRE.EMOLUMENT.BENEFICE; UTILITE.PROFIT.AVANTAGE
- Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
60B
Words
利 lì OC: rids MC: li 236 AttributionsWD
Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit.
- Word relations
- Ant: 凶/DISASTER
Xiōng 凶, shěng 眚 and jiù 咎 are archaic metaphysical terms for misfortunes. - Ant: 害/DAMAGE
By far the commonest general word for damage is hài 害 (ant. lì 利"benefit"). - Ant: 患/DISASTER
Huàn 患 refers to any major or minor disaster, even down to minor irritations. - Ant: 仁義/GOOD
This refers to morality in general, including virtues other than those mentioned explicitly in the binome. - Ant: 毀/DESTROY
The current general word for destruction of any kind is huǐ 毀, and what is destroyed may anything from a toy or a house to a state. - Epithet: 私/SELFISH
The standard word for selfishness in classical Chinese is sī 私. - Epithet: 厚/ABUNDANT
Hòu 厚 (ant. báo 薄 "meagerly supplied with something") primarily refers to man-made or man-caused generous abundance, prototypically in contexts such as hospitality or exchange of presents. >>ARTIFICIAL - Epithet: 私/PRIVATE
The dominant current word for privacy is sī 私 (ant. gōng 公 "public"), and the word designates everything that falls outside the responsibility of public administration. Contrast SELFISH. - Contrast: 便/PROFIT
Biàn 便 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hindrance and disadvantage") refers to a convenient adantage. - Contrast: 用/USE
The current general word is yòng 用 (ant. fèi 廢 "give up the use of, not use") - Contrast: 安/PEACEFUL
The dominant general word for peacefulness is ān 安 (wēi 危 "in imminent danger"), but in addition the word also often has considerable philosophical depth and commonly refers to a deep state of unruffled inner serenity in harmony with the outer world. - Contrast: 惠/GENEROUS
Probably the most general word for generosity is huì 惠 (ant. sè 嗇 "stingy, ungenerous"), and this refers to any kind of emotional as well as material munificence by a person of superior status. - Assoc: 安/PEACEFUL
The dominant general word for peacefulness is ān 安 (wēi 危 "in imminent danger"), but in addition the word also often has considerable philosophical depth and commonly refers to a deep state of unruffled inner serenity in harmony with the outer world. - Assoc: 財/PROPERTY
The current very general term for moveable property and particularly things for daily use is cái 財. - Oppos: 威/POWER
The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power". - Oppos: 本/MONEY
- Oppos: 義/JUSTICE
- Oppos: 義/RECTITUDE
The most general word is yì 義 "rectitude" which is often used to refer to what is proper and what is one's proper duty in general and also duties in particular.
- Syntactic words
- nabprofitability; advantageousness
- nabwhat is considered beneficial: natural suitabilityCH
- nab(post-N)the corresponding profit; the profit resulting from the contextually determinate NCH
- nab.adNprofit-orientedLZ
- nab.post-Nprofit for NLZ
- nab.post-V{NUM}featureadvantages
- nab[.post-N]conceptself-interest; benefit to oneself (as opposed to 仁義_; considerations of individual profit
- nab[post-N]N=indefprofit for oneself/the subject of the sentenceCH
- nabconceptthe word "lì = profit"DS
- nabsocialbenefit, profit, advantage; conditions for profit or benefit
- nm[.post-N]profit, income
- nm[.post-N]publicpublic benefits, public advantage; what is generally useful, profitability; usefulness (brought to somebody)
- nsubjectassets; what is profitable, what profits; what is in one's interest, benefit; objective interest; what one can aim for as profit
- vibe advantageous; be profitable, be advisable
- vifeatureto be easily enticed by profit
- viprocessturn out advantageous, provide profit
- vt(oN)causativemake profit on a contextually determinate transaction, make something contextually determinate turn out profitable
- vt(oN)objectbring profit to the contextually determinate person
- vt+prep+Nbe of profit to, be of benefit to
- vt+V[0]derive profit from
- vtoNto profit from NLZ
- vtoNcausativebenefit; be profitable for; provide for the good of; work for the profit of, be of benefit to
- vtoNcausativecause to be profitable; turn to one's advantage
- vtoNmiddle voicebe profited; derive profit from, reap the profit
- vtoNpassivebe regarded as beneficial to one's interests;LZ
- vtoNpsychprofit (oneself)
- vtoNputativeregard as beneficial to one's interests; see one's advantage in; profit from; see the benefit in
- vttoN. V[0]consider N1 to be more profitable than VingLZ
益 yì OC: qleɡ MC: ʔiɛk 31 AttributionsWD
The current general word for any kind of material or other profit or advantage is yì 益 (ant. sǔn 損 "loss").
- Word relations
- Ant: 害/DAMAGE
By far the commonest general word for damage is hài 害 (ant. lì 利"benefit"). - Epithet: 無 / 毋 / 亡 / 无/LACK
The general term for the lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").
- Syntactic words
- nabfactualbenefit, advantage (as opposed to harm) 何益? What is the benefit?" or "whom does this benefit?"
- vadNbeneficial, advantageous
- vibe beneficial, be advantageous
- vt+prep+Nbe of benefit to
- vtoNcausativecause to benefit, increase the benefits of 何益? What is the benefit?" or "whom does this benefit?"
便 biàn OC: bens MC: biɛn 19 AttributionsWD
Biàn 便 (ant. zǔ 阻 "hindrance and disadvantage") refers to a convenient adantage.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 利/PROFIT
Lì 利 (1. ant. yì 義 "considerations of rectitude"(!!); 2. ant. hài 害 "damage and loss suffered") refers to material profit.
- Syntactic words
- noccasionally convenient advantage; personal interests; desired result 其便 "one's desired result"
- vadNprofitable; beneficial; expedient
- vibe expedient, advisable, be the right thing to do; be the profitable thing to do
- vt+prep+Ngradedbe more profitable/conducive than
- vtoNwork for the benefit of; be suitable (for a purpose); be useful for, be advantageous to; be beneficial to; provide benefits for
- vtoNcausativemake profitable; make suitable
- vtoNpsychbenefit (oneself)
權利 quán lì OC: ɡron rids MC: giɛn li 11 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabpersonal profit and advantage
- NPabactpursuit of power and profit
- NPabneutralthe possibilities for power and profit (NB: not one's OWN advantage)
- NPabpositiveprofit
實 shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 10 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Assoc: 名/WELL-KNOWN
The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名.
- Syntactic words
- nmsubstantial goods> wealth, material comfort, profit
入 rù OC: njub MC: ȵip 9 AttributionsWD
Rù 入 (ant. chū 出 "expense") is manifest material gain.
- Syntactic words
- nmincome (also from taxation); profit, advantages (opposite 出 "expenses".
用 yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 9 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabstativeusefulness; practical use; effective benefit
- vibe useful 不用
得 dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 8 AttributionsWD
Dé 得 (ant. shī 失 "lose") refers abstractly to what is achieved as a desired advantage.
- Word relations
- Oppos: 德/VIRTUE
The current general term for salient features and principles of charismatic moral integrity and generosity is dé 德, when used as a term of ethical evalutation; but this word has many other philosophically important meanings.
- Syntactic words
- nabdispositionaquisitiveness
- nabeventgain; possible profit
- vt[oN]be engaged in gaining things, gain what one desires
- vt[oN]gain benefitsCH
- vtoNgain
利養 lì yǎng OC: rids laŋʔ MC: li ji̯ɐŋ 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPprofit and sustenance
有益 yǒu yì OC: ɢʷɯʔ qleɡ MC: ɦɨu ʔiɛk 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VP[adN]what is profitable
- VPibe profitable
- VPt+prep+Nbe of profit to, be profitable to
利害 lì hài OC: rids ɡaads MC: li ɦɑi 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabrelative advantage, constellation of advantages and disadvantages
利益 lì yì OC: rids qleɡ MC: li ʔiɛk 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfigurativeprofit (in the Buddhist context referring to conditions favourable for a good rebirth)
- VPtoNmake oneself useful to, benefit
名利 míng lì OC: meŋ rids MC: miɛŋ li 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPBUDDH: fame and benefit > nominal success in this world, superficial benefit
厚 hòu OC: ɡoos MC: ɦu 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactbenefit others; seek benefit
- vtoNbe of substantial benefit to, profit substantially
獲 huò OC: ɢʷreeɡ MC: ɦɣɛk 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nobjectwhat one gets out of something, gain
- vt+prep+Nprofit at the expense of
- vt[oN]gain profitable booty; gain profit
受 shòu OC: djuʔ MC: dʑɨu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe the source of profit received; be profited from
張 zhāng OC: krlaŋ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcause to expand> benefit, work for
真利 zhēn lì OC: tjin rids MC: tɕin li 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabmetaphysicalthe benefit arising from what is genuine/true
澤 zé MC: draek OC: ɡrlaaɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nab(.post-N)figurativerich benefits derived from someone or something supremeCH
- vt+prep+Ncomparativebe more advantageous than NCH
- vtoNspread benefits toCH
可利 kě lì MC: khaX lijH OC: khlaalʔ ridsLZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabfeatureprofitabilityLZ
取 qǔ OC: skhoʔ MC: tshi̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viactopt for profit; go for profit
息 xī OC: sqlɯɡ MC: sɨk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- ninterest (in kind); profit
- nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
施 shī OC: lʰal MC: ɕiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nab.post-V{NUM}stativeadvantageous points; kinds of positive contribution
瀸 jiān OC: tsem MC: tsiɛm 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nbenefit, bring benefits to
補 bǔ OC: paaʔ MC: puo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vihelp the situation; be of advantage;
豐 fēng OC: phuŋ MC: phuŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nabundant profit
霑 zhān OC: krlem MC: ʈiɛm 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNreach a person as a benefit????
利祿 lì lù OC: rids b-rooɡ MC: li luk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabsocialbenefits and emoluments
姦利 jiān lì OC: kraan rids MC: kɣan li 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabsocialillicit profit
私利 sī lì OC: sil rids MC: si li 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabsocialprivate and selfish profit
饒益 ráo yì OC: nɢjew qleɡ MC: ȵiɛu ʔiɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNbenefit (others)
利民 lì mín MC: lijH mjin OC: rids minCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabbenefitting the peopleCH
材 cái MC: dzoj OC: sɡɯɯLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto manage N to one's profit, to exploit N (XUN)LZ
漁 yú OC: ŋɡla MC: ŋi̯ɤ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
裨 bì OC: pe MC: piɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNarchaic: be of benefit to???
計 jì OC: kiis MC: kei 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabpsychcalculated strategic interest
貪 tān OC: kh-lɯɯm MC: thəm 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNseek profit from; exploit
便宜 pián yí OC: ben ŋɡral MC: biɛn ŋiɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabprofit, (small) advantage
子 zǐ OC: sklɯʔ MC: tsɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nmXINTANGSHU: interest, profit
Existing SW for
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