Taxonomy of meanings for 莫:　　

Additional information about 莫

說文解字:

Criteria
• ALL
  

  [ADNOMINAL/ADVERBIAL]

  [ARCHAIC/CURRENT]

  [COLLECTIVE/INDIVIDUAL]

  [[COMMON/RARE]]

  [OBJECT-BINDING/SUBJECT-BINDING]

  1. Jiē 皆 the most common and general colourless subject qunatifier which is also used, occasionally as an object quantifier.

  SUBJECT-BINDING!; [padV]

  2.Jìn 盡 is a universal object quantifier which indicates that the action the transitive verb it precedes applies to the whole lot of the objects of that verb indiscriminately.

  [OBJECT-BINDING!], [COLLECTIVE]; [vadVt]

  3. Gè 各 quantifies by emphasising the separate features of each item quantified over.

  [INDIVIDUAL], [SUBJECT-BINDING]; [n+Vt]

  4. Jiān 兼 is an object quantifier which says that the transitive verb it precedes applies to each of the objects in its own right.

  [OBJECT-BINDING], [INDIVIDUAL]; [vadVt]

  5. Qún 群 is a quantifier which indicates that the whole of the flock or group of items designated by the noun it precedes are referred to

  [COLLECTIVE]; [nadN]

  6. Zhū 諸 is an adjectival quantifier which indicates that the whole group of the things indicated by the noun it precedes is referred to.

  [COLLECTIVE]; [padN]

  7. Zhòng 眾 is an adnominal quantififier which says that the whole of the group of things designated by the noun it precedes are intended.

  [COLLECTIVE]; [nadN]

  8. Fán 凡 characterises a topic adnominally as forming the general subject or topic in a non-narrative statement of principle. The current gloss "in general" is misleading because it wrongly suggests that there are exceptions, and because it does not specify the non-narrative "theoretical" nature of the statements introduced by the word. "In principle" is much to be preferred.

  [SPECIFIC]; [vadN[TOPIC]]

  9. Jù 俱 / 具 is a collective subject quantifier which says that all the subjects are equally and together characterised by what is in the predicate.

  [SUBJECT-BINDING]; [vadV]

  10. Fàn 氾 quantifies generally over all objects of the verb it precedes.

  [COLLECTIVE], [OBJECT-BINDING]; [vadVt]

  11. Fàn 汎 says that a verb has a whole range of objects, indiscriminately, and without reference to their specific character.

  [COLLECTIVE], [OBJECT-BINDING]; [padVt]

  12. Měi 每 mostly adnominal and emphasises that a each and every new item quantified over is separately intended.

  [INDIVIDUAL]; [padN]

  13. Jūn 均 / 鈞 expresses universal quantification over all subjects equally, without any difference.

  [INDIVIDUAL], [SUBJECT-BINDING]; [vadN]

  14. Zhōu 周 is a rare object quantifier claiming that all the objects of a verb are intended, without exception.

  [COLLECTIVE], [OBJECT-BINDING]; [vadVt]

  15. Xī 悉 mass object qunatifier which says that the transitive verb it precedes applies to the whole of the objects indiscriminately.

  [COLLECTIVE], [OBJECT-BINDING]; [vadVt]

  16. Xián 咸 is an archaic subject quantifier which came to new life in Han times.

  [INDIVIDUAL], [SUBJECT-BINDING!]; [vadV]

  17. Bì 畢 a subject quantifier which says that the predicate applies to all subjects.

  [ADVERBIAL]; [SUBJECT-BINDING]; [RARE]

  18. Jǔ 舉 is an adjectival quantifier of limited idiomatic use indicating that all the things in a certain area are referred to.

  [ADNOMINAL]; [COLLECTIVE]

  19. Wú bù 無不 is a neutral subject and object quantifier.

  20. Mò bù 莫不 is a neutral subject quantifier.

  [PREVERBAL]; [SUBJECT-BINDING]

  21. Sì hǎi 四海 sometimes refers generally to all inhabitants of the inhabited world, like tiān xià 天下, and these are marginal in this group.

  [NOMINAL]; [COLLECTIVE]

• NOT
  

  1. The general all-purpose pre-verbal negation is 不 which generally has the whole predicate it precedes as its scope. 不 can be inchoative "not get to begin", continuative "not continuously", discontinuative "stop doing" or resultative "not get to complete doing". By the rhetorical device of litotes 不 can create antonymic opposites as in 不少 “quite a lot".

  2. Fēi 非 negates categorising subsumptive judgments when it precedes predicative nominals; when preceding verbs 非 "it is not as if" negates not the verbal verbal proposition but metalinguistically the making of a statement that can usefully be paraphrased as "the claim is not that".

  3. Wú 無 "in no way; in no way i.e. regarding no object", when used as a straight negation (contrast SHOULD NOT) is descriptively generalising and not straightforwardly narrative or descriptive.

  4. Fú 弗 "would not; could not" prototypically refers to a refusal or inability to do something which in principle one might intend to do.

  5. Wèi 未 "not yet; not quite" refers to either temporal or logical incompleteness in verbal predication.

  6. Fǒu 否 "It is not the case" is a negative pro-form, and there remains a suspicion that the graph 不 is to be read as fǒu 否 when it is used as a pro-form.

  7. Mò 莫 "none" is protoypically resumptive of an explicit or implicit subject.

  8. Wú 毋 "don't" and wù 勿 don't the object" when not used injunctively, are negations restricted to the position after such causative verbs as 使.

• SHOULD
  

  1. The current general word expressing obligation is dāng 當, and this word focusses on the fact that one is objectively obliged to do something.

  2. Yí 宜 emphasises that what one should do is indeed fitting and proper.

  3. Bù kě bù 不可不 construes obligation as inevitability or inescapablitity.

  4. Bì 必 emphasises obligation as ineluctable and expresses a stronger obligation than bù kě bù 不可不.

  5. Mò rú 莫如 emphasises that some obligation represents the best of several options.

  6. Qí 其 expresses a colourless rather weak obligation to do something.

  7. Kě 可 precedes passivised verbs and expresses the idea that some object should be VERBed. See MUST

Word relations
• Ant: (NONE)皆/ALL Jiē 皆 the most common and general colourless subject qunatifier which is also used, occasionally as an object quantifier. SUBJECT-BINDING!; [padV]
• Ant: (FORBID)適/LIKE1 Attribution
• Synon: (DON'T)勿/DON'T The most common prohibitive particle is wù 勿, which usually precedes transitive verbs with omitted objects. 1 Attribution