CUT    割

DISPLACE a SHARP INSTRUMENT INTO a THING.
GASHSLASHLACERATESEVERSLITPIERCEPENETRATEWOUNDINJURE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割. 2. Qiē 切 is to cut into pieces. 3. Duàn 斷 is to cut a part off a whole. 4. Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole. 5. Shān 芟 is to cut grass or shrubs. 6. Pī 披 "pare" refer to the treatment of surfaces of objects by cutting into them to produce smoothness of surface or a pointed end. 7. Pǒu 剖 refers to cutting into something so as to reveal its inner structure. See SPLIT 8. Xiāo 削 typically refers to cutting something off so as to reduce its size. 9. Jiǎn 翦 refers specifically to the clipping of something that grows on a living structure. NB: The size of the vocabulary in this field is extraordinary: over 70 wods are listed under this meaning.
Modern Chinese Criteria
割 is a neutral general modern word for cutting. 切 is prototypically to slice. 切片 refers explicitly to cutting with the purpose of producing slices. 削 refers typically to cutting so as to sharpen or produce a smooth surface. 切削 refers to cutting with the purpose of sharpening or producing a smooth surface. 修 refers to cutting something so as to improve it. 刈 is to cut by mowing. 芟 is to cut by mowing. 釤 refers to cutting with a sickle 剖 refers to cutting so as to disect. 鋸 refers to cutting with a saw. 劈 refers to cutting or chopping with a chopper. 剪 refers to cutting with scissors. 拉 lá is a rare word for to slash or gut. 旋 can come to refer to cutting something on a lathe. 錛 can come to refer to cutting into something with an adze. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • BITE　CUT into something USING ONE'S TEETH. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • DIG　CUT INTO EARTH, TYPICALLY USING a SPADE, FOR PRODUCING A HOLE OR FOR TURNING THE EARTH. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • ENGRAVE　CUT into METAL, WOOD, OR JADE so as to PRODUCE WRITING OR a BEAUTIFUL PATTERN. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • PIERCE　CUT a HOLE THROUGH SOMETHING, USING A SHARP THING. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • CUT HAIR　CUT HAIR. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • SPLIT　CUT QUICKLY so as to DIVIDE into TWO. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • PRICK　CUT into a THING so as to MOVE a SHARP TOOL into a SURFACE. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • MUTILATE　CUT OFF PARTS of the BODY of a HUMAN OR ANIMAL. (anc: 13/0, child: 1)
  • SHAVE　CUT HAIR. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
See also
  • REDUCECHANGE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME MORE FEW:fewer.
Hypernym
  • DISPLACE　CAUSE to MOVE. (anc: 11/0, child: 28)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 9.22

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 162

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 194ff

    vrezat' "cut up"

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 446

  • Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages ( DE VAAN 2008) p.

    caedo, -ere 'to cut, hew, fell' [v. Ill; pf. cecidi, ppp. caesum] (Lex XII+)

    Derivatives: caedes, -is 'killing, slaughter' (Cato+),~icaeduus 'ready for felling'

    (Cato+); caelum 'chisel' (Varro4-), caelare 'to adorn,engrave' (Enn.); caementum

    'small stones, rubble' (Enn.+); caestus, -us 'strip of;Ieather, boxing-glove' (P1.+);

    caia 'cudgel' (Isidorus), caiare 'to beat, thresh' (PL); ancaesa 'caelata' (Paul, ex F.\

    ancTle [n.J 'small shield' (Enn.+), ETC.

    • Words (84 items)

    斷  duàn OC: doonʔ MC: dʷɑn 30 Attributions

    Duàn 斷 is to cut a part off a whole.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 斬/BEHEAD The standard word for beheading others is zhǎn 斬.

      Syntactic words
    • vpostadVdegreeverbal complement: V to the degree of cutting/breaking off
    • vt+Nhave one's N cut off
    • vtoNcut off; cut up; mutilate; cut to make shorter; cut down
    • vtoNcausativehave cut off (one's own head)
    • vtoNiussivehave N cut off; have N cut downTW
    • vtoNpassivebe cut up; be cut off; have been cut off
    割  gē OC: kaad MC: kɑt 24 Attributions

    The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 禁/FORBID The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage").
    • Assoc: 切/CUT Qiē 切 is to cut into pieces.
    • Assoc: 削/CUT Xiāo 削 typically refers to cutting something off so as to reduce its size.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactcutting; the cut
    • vt[oN]cut; scrape; cut up things
    • vtoNcut off; cut into; cut up; metaphorical: carve out and cede (a piece of territory etc); cut out (a piece of meat, a piece of cloth for use in sewing);
    • vtoNfigurativecurtail; cut down the power of
    • vtoNfigurativebe carved up, have one part cut out (as of a state)
    • vtoNfigurativecarve up into piecesCH
    伐  fá OC: bod MC: bi̯ɐt 23 Attributions

    Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.

      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN.]postVtpassivebe felled
    • vtoNcut down (trees), hew off (branches)
    • vtoNfigurativefundamentally undermine; violently attackCH
    • vtoNperfectiveget felled (trees etc)
    斬  zhǎn OC: tsreemʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛm 21 Attributions

    Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.

      Word relations
    • Object: 足/FOOT The general word for a foot is zú 足.
    • Object: 首/HEAD The standard word for the head is shǒu 首.
    • Contrast: 斷/BREAK OFF Duàn 斷 emphasises to the decisive resultative aspect of the breaking off, typically also cutting off, and the word tended to be metaphorical in early texts, increasingly taking on its concrete meaning at later stages. See CUT.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut in two; cut down (heads, trees etc) generalised: cut off (a sleeve etc), sever
    • vtoNpassiveget cut off
    斲  zhuó OC: rtooɡ MC: ʈɣɔk 15 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNmiddle voicechopped-off
    • viactcut; chop, hew
    • vt(oN)chop the understood N to piecesCH
    • vtoNcut, chop, cleave; hew plain; hew away at; cut open
    • vtoNcausativeinsert by cutting
    • vtoNpassivebe chopped plain, be made plain by hewing
    斫  zhuó OC: tjaɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk
    砍  kǎn OC: khoomʔ MC: khəm 12 Attributions

    Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)hack the contextually determinate object
    • vt[oN]cut; chop; hack; lop off
    • vtoNhack at; lop off
    • vtoNpassivebe cut; be chopped
    削  xiāo OC: smewɡ MC: si̯ɐk 11 Attributions

    Xiāo 削 typically refers to cutting something off so as to reduce its size.

      Word relations
    • Subject: 地/TERRITORY Dì 地 refers to a well-defined bounded piece of territory.
    • Result: 侵/ATTACK Qīn 侵 refers to less formal attack, typically unannounced beforehand, and typically aimed at taking the enemy's territory. [COVERT!], [MILITARY], [SPECIFIC]
    • Object: 國/STATE The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows.
    • Assoc: 割/CUT The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off, pare off; cut up; cut down, truncate (territory); decimate; erase (writing) by cutting
    • vtoNfigurativecut away atCH
    裂  liè OC: b-red MC: liɛt 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off, slice off; rip open (stomach)
    • vtoNfigurativecut off> set aside
    • vtoNpassiveto be cut off, sliced off; ripped open (of stomach)
    切  qiē, qiè OC: snʰiid MC: tshet 8 Attributions

    Qiē 切 is to cut into pieces.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 割/CUT The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNLIJI 8.4: cut into pieces; carve
    • vtoNfigurativecut; cut out
    • vtoNpassivebe cut into small pieces
    解  jiě OC: kreeʔ MC: kɣɛ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut up and dismember (an ox); disect, carve up; [cut off][CA]
    • vtoNpassivebe cut apart, be torn asunder
    刈  yì OC: ŋads MC: ŋi̯ɐi 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto cut; to mow
    • vtoNcausativehave (one's own neck) cut
    刳  kū OC: khʷlaa MC: khuo̝ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNslit open; hollow out (entails)
    • vtoNpassivebe split openDS
    • vtoNreflexive.自cut (oneself)
    契  qì OC: khees MC: khei
    挈  qiè OC: kheed MC: khet 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut into, cut (throat etc)
    截  jié OC: dzeed MC: dzen 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off (head); cut into (one's body); disfigure
    • vtoNcut in twoCH
    • vtoNfigurativecut through (delusions)
    翦  jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 4 Attributions

    Jiǎn 翦 refers specifically to the clipping of something that grows on a living structure.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)cut the contextually determinate thing down
    • vtoNcut down; strip; cut (nails); prune (trees); trim (the beard)
    • vtoNpassivebe cut; be trimmed
    剜  wān OC: qoon MC: ʔʷɑn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpost-Han: cut out; cut into
    披  pī OC: phral MC: phiɛ 4 Attributions

    Pī 披 "pare" refer to the treatment of surfaces of objects by cutting into them to produce smoothness of surface or a pointed end.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpare (trees); cut off
    • vtoNmiddle voice, figurativeget cut off; get cut shortCH
    • vtoNpassiveget pared
    裁  cái OC: sɡɯɯ MC: dzəi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarve into pieces, cut up; to tailor
    • vtoNpassiveget cut up
    斲削  zhuó xiāo OC: rtooɡ smewɡ MC: ʈɣɔk si̯ɐk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactvarious working of woodLZ
    • VPiacttake decisive "cutting" action
    • VPt[oN]work with woodLZ
    刻  kè OC: khɯɯɡ MC: khək 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNcarved
    • vtoNCC509: cut out (the foul canker from current custom); carve (wood)
    • vttoN1.+N2carve N1 in place N2
    艾  yì OC: ŋads MC: ŋi̯ɐi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto cut down; to mow
    • vtoNpassivebe cut; be mowed
    芟  shān OC: sraam MC: ʂɣam 2 Attributions

    Shān 芟 is to cut grass or shrubs.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut grass
    鍥  qiè OC: kheed MC: khet 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]cutLZ
    • vtoNcut through
    斬伐  zhǎn fá MC: tsreamX bjot OC: tsreemʔ bod 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactcutting, cutting down (of plants and trees)LZ
    刊  kān OC: khaan MC: khɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut; carve
    • vtoNpassivebe cut down
    刎  wěn OC: mɯnʔ MC: mi̯un 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off (legs etc.); cut (typically one's own) throat
    刲  kuī OC: khʷee MC: khei 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut; stab
    剔  tī OC: lʰeeɡ MC: thek 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut
    擇  zé OC: ɡrlaaɡ MC: ɖɣɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)omcut, trim (a contextually determinate N)
    • vtoNtrim, cut (vegetables)
    擘  bò OC: preeɡ MC: pɣɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut open, break open, cleave
    樵  qiáo MC: dzjew OC: dzew 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactcut firewoodCH
    殺  shā OC: sreed MC: ʂɣɛt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut up, cut into convenient pieces
    屠出  tú chū OC: ɡ-laa khljud MC: duo̝ tɕhʷit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativecut out
    膾  kuài OC: kloobs MC: kɑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto sliced; to mince
    蘇  sū OC: sɡlaa MC: suo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]cut firewood or grass
    製  zhì OC: kjeds MC: tɕiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nwork on (cloth or silk) by cutting it up
    • vtoNcut out and fashion garment
    钃  zhú MC: trjowk OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto cutLZ
    鬋  jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactcut the hair
    斷割  duàn gē MC: dwanX kat  OC: doonʔ kaad 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut offCH
    截取  jié qǔ OC: dzeed skhoʔ MC: dzen tshi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativecut off and take
    擘裂  bò liè OC: preeɡ b-red MC: pɣɛk liɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativetear apart
    兀  wù OC: ŋɡluud MC: ŋuot 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off a person's feet
    • vtoNpassivehave one's feet cut off 兀者 "person with amputated foot"
    剖心  pōu xīn OC: phɯʔ slɯm MC: phu sim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivehave one's heart cut out
    夭  yāo OC: qrowʔ MC: ʔiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbreak off; cut off
    折  zhé MC: tsyet OC: kljed 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vipassiveget cut off, get cut into two piecesLZ
    揃  jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off; clip
    斮  zhuó OC: skraɡ MC: ʈʂi̯ɐk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viactGONGYANG Cheng 2: behead
    • vtoNbehead; also used for the cutting off of feet
    • vtoNpassivebe cut off
    柝  tuò MC: thak OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativecut through beyondCH
    殊  shū MC: dzyu OC: djo 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe cut offCH
    爪  zhǎo OC: tsruuʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut the nails
    祝  zhù OC: tjuɡ MC: tɕuk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off; cut (the hair)
    聶  niè OC: mɢleb MC: ɳiɛp 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassive(meat) be sliced; cut small (LI) (loan?)
    膞  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut and slice meat ?????
    草  cǎo OC: tshuuʔ MC: tshɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactcut grass
    莫  mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut and engrave
    衈  èr OC: mljɯs MC: ȵɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactcut a tuft of hair from victim's ear in sacrifice
    趙  zhào OC: rlewʔ MC: ɖiɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut; pierce
    馘  guó OC: kʷrɯɯɡ MC: kɣɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNactto cut off the left ear (of a killed person)
    鬄  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut to pieces; cut off
    㓟  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut open (face etc)
    除翦  chú jiǎn OC: rla tsenʔ MC: ɖi̯ɤ tsiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcut off
    雕琢  diāo zhuó MC: tew traewk OC: tɯɯw rtooɡ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP/DELETE/LZ
    刉  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto cut
    刌  cǔn OC: tshuunʔ MC: tshuo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut; chop
    刓  wán OC: ŋɡoon MC: ŋʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut round
    剉  cuò OC: skhools MC: tshʷɑ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut
    剟  duō OC: k-lood MC: tʷɑt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut
    剡  yǎn OC: k-lamʔ MC: jiɛm 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactcut; stab
    剬  duān OC: toon MC: tʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut
    剸  tuán OC: doon MC: dʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSun Bin bingfa, shizhen: cut effectively
    劑  jì OC: dziils MC: dzei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut
    劙  lí OC: rel MC: liɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut
    卯  mǎo OC: mbruuʔ MC: mɣɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNOBI: cut open, cut up, split open [read as 劉]
    戩  jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off (grain)
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut offCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe cut offCH
    提  tí OC: ɡ-lee MC: dei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut out
    摲  chàn OC: tshraams MC: ʈʂhɣam 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut; kill ????
    斸  zhú OC: toɡ MC: ʈi̯ok 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut; chop
    昧  wěn MC: -- OC: -- 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut off (head of chicken)
    梨  lí OC: ril MC: li 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassivebe cut (into two parts); split
    楂  chá OC: sɡraal MC: ɖʐɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcut trees
    歲  suì OC: sqʷads MC: siɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNOBI 4: cut up (animals for sacrifice)
    沐  mù OC: mooɡ MC: muk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNprune, cut neat