CUT 割
DISPLACE a SHARP INSTRUMENT INTO a THING.
GASHSLASHLACERATESEVERSLITPIERCEPENETRATEWOUNDINJURE
Hypernym
- DISPLACECAUSE to MOVE.
See also
- REDUCECHANGE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME MORE FEW:fewer.
Hyponym
- BITE CUT into something USING ONE'S TEETH.
- CHEW BITE so as to CAUSE TO BECOME TENUOUS, OFTEN:typically INTENDing to EAT.
- DIG CUT INTO EARTH, TYPICALLY USING a SPADE, FOR PRODUCING A HOLE OR FOR TURNING THE EARTH.
- ENGRAVE CUT into METAL, WOOD, OR JADE so as to PRODUCE WRITING OR a BEAUTIFUL PATTERN.
- PIERCE CUT a HOLE THROUGH SOMETHING, USING A SHARP THING.
- DRILL PIERCE so as to CAUSE something TO HAVE DEEP HOLES IN a SURFACE.
- CUT HAIR CUT HAIR.
- SPLIT CUT QUICKLY so as to DIVIDE into TWO.
- PRICK CUT into a THING so as to MOVE a SHARP TOOL into a SURFACE.
- MUTILATE CUT OFF PARTS of the BODY of a HUMAN OR ANIMAL.
- CASTRATE MUTILATE so as to CUT off MALE GENITALS.
- SHAVE CUT HAIR.
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割.
2. Qiē 切 is to cut into pieces.
3. Duàn 斷 is to cut a part off a whole.
4. Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.
5. Shān 芟 is to cut grass or shrubs.
6. Pī 披 "pare" refer to the treatment of surfaces of objects by cutting into them to produce smoothness of surface or a pointed end.
7. Pǒu 剖 refers to cutting into something so as to reveal its inner structure. See SPLIT
8. Xiāo 削 typically refers to cutting something off so as to reduce its size.
9. Jiǎn 翦 refers specifically to the clipping of something that grows on a living structure.
NB: The size of the vocabulary in this field is extraordinary: over 70 wods are listed under this meaning.
2. Qiē 切 is to cut into pieces.
3. Duàn 斷 is to cut a part off a whole.
4. Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.
5. Shān 芟 is to cut grass or shrubs.
6. Pī 披 "pare" refer to the treatment of surfaces of objects by cutting into them to produce smoothness of surface or a pointed end.
7. Pǒu 剖 refers to cutting into something so as to reveal its inner structure. See SPLIT
8. Xiāo 削 typically refers to cutting something off so as to reduce its size.
9. Jiǎn 翦 refers specifically to the clipping of something that grows on a living structure.
NB: The size of the vocabulary in this field is extraordinary: over 70 wods are listed under this meaning.
Modern Chinese Criteria
割 is a neutral general modern word for cutting.
切 is prototypically to slice.
切片 refers explicitly to cutting with the purpose of producing slices.
削 refers typically to cutting so as to sharpen or produce a smooth surface.
切削 refers to cutting with the purpose of sharpening or producing a smooth surface.
修 refers to cutting something so as to improve it.
刈 is to cut by mowing.
芟 is to cut by mowing.
釤 refers to cutting with a sickle
剖 refers to cutting so as to disect.
鋸 refers to cutting with a saw.
劈 refers to cutting or chopping with a chopper.
剪 refers to cutting with scissors.
拉 lá is a rare word for to slash or gut.
旋 can come to refer to cutting something on a lathe.
錛 can come to refer to cutting into something with an adze.
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
切 is prototypically to slice.
切片 refers explicitly to cutting with the purpose of producing slices.
削 refers typically to cutting so as to sharpen or produce a smooth surface.
切削 refers to cutting with the purpose of sharpening or producing a smooth surface.
修 refers to cutting something so as to improve it.
刈 is to cut by mowing.
芟 is to cut by mowing.
釤 refers to cutting with a sickle
剖 refers to cutting so as to disect.
鋸 refers to cutting with a saw.
劈 refers to cutting or chopping with a chopper.
剪 refers to cutting with scissors.
拉 lá is a rare word for to slash or gut.
旋 can come to refer to cutting something on a lathe.
錛 can come to refer to cutting into something with an adze.
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
9.22 - 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
162 - Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian
(
Mel'cuk 1984)
p.
194ff vrezat' "cut up"
- Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian
(
Mel'cuk 1984)
p.
446 - Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the Other Italic Languages
(
DE VAAN 2008)
p.
caedo, -ere 'to cut, hew, fell' [v. Ill; pf. cecidi, ppp. caesum] (Lex XII+)
Derivatives: caedes, -is 'killing, slaughter' (Cato+),~icaeduus 'ready for felling'
(Cato+); caelum 'chisel' (Varro4-), caelare 'to adorn,engrave' (Enn.); caementum
'small stones, rubble' (Enn.+); caestus, -us 'strip of;Ieather, boxing-glove' (P1.+);
caia 'cudgel' (Isidorus), caiare 'to beat, thresh' (PL); ancaesa 'caelata' (Paul, ex F.\
ancTle [n.J 'small shield' (Enn.+), ETC.
Words
斷 duàn OC: doonʔ MC: dʷɑn 30 AttributionsWD
Duàn 斷 is to cut a part off a whole.
- Syntactic words
- vpostadVdegreeverbal complement: V to the degree of cutting/breaking off
- vt+Nhave one's N cut off
- vtoNcut off; cut up; mutilate; cut to make shorter; cut down
- vtoNcausativehave cut off (one's own head)
- vtoNiussivehave N cut off; have N cut downTW
- vtoNpassivebe cut up; be cut off; have been cut off
割 gē OC: kaad MC: kɑt 24 AttributionsWD
The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 禁/FORBID
The current dominant general word referring to public prohibition is jìn 禁 (ant. quàn 勸 "encourage"). - Assoc: 切/CUT
Qiē 切 is to cut into pieces. - Assoc: 削/CUT
Xiāo 削 typically refers to cutting something off so as to reduce its size.
- Syntactic words
- nabactcutting; the cut
- vt[oN]cut; scrape; cut up things
- vtoNcut off; cut into; cut up; metaphorical: carve out and cede (a piece of territory etc); cut out (a piece of meat, a piece of cloth for use in sewing);
- vtoNfigurativecurtail; cut down the power of
- vtoNfigurativebe carved up, have one part cut out (as of a state)
- vtoNfigurativecarve up into piecesCH
伐 fá OC: bod MC: bi̯ɐt 23 AttributionsWD
Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.
- Syntactic words
- VP[adN.]postVtpassivebe felled
- vtoNcut down (trees), hew off (branches)
- vtoNfigurativefundamentally undermine; violently attackCH
- vtoNperfectiveget felled (trees etc)
削 xiāo OC: smewɡ MC: si̯ɐk 23 AttributionsWD
Xiāo 削 typically refers to cutting something off so as to reduce its size.
- Word relations
- Subject: 地/TERRITORY
Dì 地 refers to a well-defined bounded piece of territory. - Result: 侵/ATTACK
Qīn 侵 refers to less formal attack, typically unannounced beforehand, and typically aimed at taking the enemy's territory. [COVERT!], [MILITARY], [SPECIFIC] - Object: 國/STATE
The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows. - Assoc: 割/CUT
The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割.
- Syntactic words
- nabactdecimation (by others)
- vadNdecimated
- vt(oN)truncate the territory of the contextually determinate N; more generally: weaken the contextually determinate NLZ
- vtoNcut off, pare off; cut up; cut down, truncate (territory); decimate; erase (writing) by cutting
- vtoNcausativeget caused to be decimated or reduced in size> be reduced, downsized
- vtoNfigurativecut away atCH
- vtoNmiddle voiceget truncated (a number of times)
- vtoNpassiveget decimated, be truncated; get cut off; have one's territory decimated
斬 zhǎn OC: tsreemʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛm 21 AttributionsWD
Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.
- Word relations
- Object: 足/FOOT
The general word for a foot is zú 足. - Object: 首/HEAD
The standard word for the head is shǒu 首. - Contrast: 斷/BREAK OFF
Duàn 斷 emphasises to the decisive resultative aspect of the breaking off, typically also cutting off, and the word tended to be metaphorical in early texts, increasingly taking on its concrete meaning at later stages. See CUT.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut in two; cut down (heads, trees etc) generalised: cut off (a sleeve etc), sever
- vtoNpassiveget cut off
斲 zhuó OC: rtooɡ MC: ʈɣɔk 15 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNmiddle voicechopped-off
- viactcut; chop, hew
- vt(oN)chop the understood N to piecesCH
- vtoNcut, chop, cleave; hew plain; hew away at; cut open
- vtoNcausativeinsert by cutting
- vtoNpassivebe chopped plain, be made plain by hewing
斫 zhuó OC: tjaɡ MC: tɕi̯ɐk
砍 kǎn OC: khoomʔ MC: khəm 12 AttributionsWD
Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)hack the contextually determinate object
- vt[oN]cut; chop; hack; lop off
- vtoNhack at; lop off
- vtoNpassivebe cut; be chopped
切 qiē, qiè OC: snʰiid MC: tshet 8 AttributionsWD
Qiē 切 is to cut into pieces.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 割/CUT
The commonest general word for "cut" is ancient Chinese kat, modern reading gē 割.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNLIJI 8.4: cut into pieces; carve
- vtoNfigurativecut; cut out
- vtoNpassivebe cut into small pieces
裂 liè OC: b-red MC: liɛt 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off, slice off; rip open (stomach)
- vtoNfigurativecut off> set aside
- vtoNpassiveto be cut off, sliced off; ripped open (of stomach)
刈 yì OC: ŋads MC: ŋi̯ɐi 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto cut; to mow
- vtoNcausativehave (one's own neck) cut
刳 kū OC: khʷlaa MC: khuo̝ 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNslit open; hollow out (entails)
- vtoNpassivebe split openDS
- vtoNreflexive.自cut (oneself)
解 jiě OC: kreeʔ MC: kɣɛ 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut up and dismember (an ox); disect, carve up; [cut off][CA]
- vtoNpassivebe cut apart, be torn asunder
契 qì OC: khees MC: khei
挈 qiè OC: kheed MC: khet 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut into, cut (throat etc)
截 jié OC: dzeed MC: dzen 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off (head); cut into (one's body); disfigure
- vtoNcut in twoCH
- vtoNfigurativecut through (delusions)
剜 wān OC: qoon MC: ʔʷɑn 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpost-Han: cut out; cut into
披 pī OC: phral MC: phiɛ 4 AttributionsWD
Pī 披 "pare" refer to the treatment of surfaces of objects by cutting into them to produce smoothness of surface or a pointed end.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpare (trees); cut off
- vtoNmiddle voice, figurativeget cut off; get cut shortCH
- vtoNpassiveget pared
翦 jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 4 AttributionsWD
Jiǎn 翦 refers specifically to the clipping of something that grows on a living structure.
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)cut the contextually determinate thing down
- vtoNcut down; strip; cut (nails); prune (trees); trim (the beard)
- vtoNpassivebe cut; be trimmed
刻 kè OC: khɯɯɡ MC: khək 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNcarved
- vtoNCC509: cut out (the foul canker from current custom); carve (wood)
- vttoN1.+N2carve N1 in place N2
裁 cái OC: sɡɯɯ MC: dzəi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcarve into pieces, cut up; to tailor
- vtoNpassiveget cut up
斲削 zhuó xiāo OC: rtooɡ smewɡ MC: ʈɣɔk si̯ɐk 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactvarious working of woodLZ
- VPiacttake decisive "cutting" action
- VPt[oN]work with woodLZ
刊 kān OC: khaan MC: khɑn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut; carve
- vtoNpassivebe cut down
刎 wěn OC: mɯnʔ MC: mi̯un 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off (legs etc.); cut (typically one's own) throat
刲 kuī OC: khʷee MC: khei 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut; stab
剔 tī OC: lʰeeɡ MC: thek 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut
擘 bò OC: preeɡ MC: pɣɛk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut open, break open, cleave
擇 zé OC: ɡrlaaɡ MC: ɖɣɛk 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)omcut, trim (a contextually determinate N)
- vtoNtrim, cut (vegetables)
艾 yì OC: ŋads MC: ŋi̯ɐi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto cut down; to mow
- vtoNpassivebe cut; be mowed
芟 shān OC: sraam MC: ʂɣam 2 AttributionsWD
Shān 芟 is to cut grass or shrubs.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut grass
鍥 qiè OC: kheed MC: khet 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN]cutLZ
- vtoNcut through
樵 qiáo MC: dzjew OC: dzewCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactcut firewoodCH
兀 wù OC: ŋɡluud MC: ŋuot 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off a person's feet
- vtoNpassivehave one's feet cut off 兀者 "person with amputated foot"
夭 yāo OC: qrowʔ MC: ʔiɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbreak off; cut off
揃 jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off; clip
斮 zhuó OC: skraɡ MC: ʈʂi̯ɐk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viactGONGYANG Cheng 2: behead
- vtoNbehead; also used for the cutting off of feet
- vtoNpassivebe cut off
殺 shā OC: sreed MC: ʂɣɛt 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut up, cut into convenient pieces
爪 zhǎo OC: tsruuʔ MC: ʈʂɣɛu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut the nails
祝 zhù OC: tjuɡ MC: tɕuk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off; cut (the hair)
膾 kuài OC: kloobs MC: kɑi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto sliced; to mince
蘇 sū OC: sɡlaa MC: suo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN]cut firewood or grass
製 zhì OC: kjeds MC: tɕiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nwork on (cloth or silk) by cutting it up
- vtoNcut out and fashion garment
鬋 jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viactcut the hair
剖心 pōu xīn OC: phɯʔ slɯm MC: phu sim 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNpassivehave one's heart cut out
屠出 tú chū OC: ɡ-laa khljud MC: duo̝ tɕhʷit 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativecut out
截取 jié qǔ OC: dzeed skhoʔ MC: dzen tshi̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativecut off and take
擘裂 bò liè OC: preeɡ b-red MC: pɣɛk liɛt 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativetear apart
斷割 duàn gē MC: dwanX kat OC: doonʔ kaad CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut offCH
折 zhé MC: tsyet OC: kljedLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vipassiveget cut off, get cut into two piecesLZ
殊 shū MC: dzyu OC: djoCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe cut offCH
钃 zhú MC: trjowk OC: --LZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto cutLZ
斬伐 zhǎn fá MC: tsreamX bjot OC: tsreemʔ bodLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactcutting, cutting down (of plants and trees)LZ
柝 tuò MC: thak OC: --CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNfigurativecut through beyondCH
刌 cǔn OC: tshuunʔ MC: tshuo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut; chop
刉 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNto cut
刓 wán OC: ŋɡoon MC: ŋʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut round
㓟 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut open (face etc)
剉 cuò OC: skhools MC: tshʷɑ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut
剡 yǎn OC: k-lamʔ MC: jiɛm 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactcut; stab
剟 duō OC: k-lood MC: tʷɑt 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut
剬 duān OC: toon MC: tʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut
剸 tuán OC: doon MC: dʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNSun Bin bingfa, shizhen: cut effectively
劑 jì OC: dziils MC: dzei 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut
劙 lí OC: rel MC: liɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut
卯 mǎo OC: mbruuʔ MC: mɣɛu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNOBI: cut open, cut up, split open [read as 劉]
戩 jiǎn OC: tsenʔ MC: tsiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off (grain)
提 tí OC: ɡ-lee MC: dei 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut out
摲 chàn OC: tshraams MC: ʈʂhɣam 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut; kill ????
斸 zhú OC: toɡ MC: ʈi̯ok 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut; chop
昧 wěn MC: -- OC: -- 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut off (head of chicken)
梨 lí OC: ril MC: li 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe cut (into two parts); split
楂 chá OC: sɡraal MC: ɖʐɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut trees
歲 suì OC: sqʷads MC: siɛi 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNOBI 4: cut up (animals for sacrifice)
沐 mù OC: mooɡ MC: muk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNprune, cut neat
聶 niè OC: mɢleb MC: ɳiɛp 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassive(meat) be sliced; cut small (LI) (loan?)
膞 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut and slice meat ?????
莫 mò OC: maaɡ MC: mɑk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut and engrave
衈 èr OC: mljɯs MC: ȵɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactcut a tuft of hair from victim's ear in sacrifice
趙 zhào OC: rlewʔ MC: ɖiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut; pierce
馘 guó OC: kʷrɯɯɡ MC: kɣɛk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNactto cut off the left ear (of a killed person)
鬄 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut to pieces; cut off
除翦 chú jiǎn OC: rla tsenʔ MC: ɖi̯ɤ tsiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNcut off
草 cǎo OC: tshuuʔ MC: tshɑu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactcut grass
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcut offCH
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivebe cut offCH
雕琢 diāo zhuó MC: tew traewk OC: tɯɯw rtooɡLZ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP/DELETE/LZ
Existing SW for
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