BREAK OFF 打斷
REMOVE VIOLENTLY by TWISTING OR BENDING INTENSELY.
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Duàn 斷 refers to the resultative aspect of the breaking off, typically also cutting off, and the word tended to be metaphorical in early texts, increasingly taking on its concrete meaning at later stages. See CUT.
3. Jué 絕 refers - often metaphorically - to causing something to become discontinuous, to be interrupted or broken off.
4. Cuī 摧 explicitly refers to human actions of breaking off. (If passivised, these verbs always invite the question of who the agent was.)
5. Cuò 挫 refers specifically to blunting the edge of something by breaking off what is sharp, and the word is in any case marginal in this group.
Modern Chinese Criteria
斷裂
斷
折
摧折
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
9.26 - Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien
(
DOEDERLEIN 1840)
p.
BREAK
frangere refers to breaking what is hard.
rumpere refers to rending what is flexible.
disrumpere refers to breaking into several pieces what was originally one whole.
diffringere ditto.
divellere refers to tearing asunder what was joined together.
- 韓非子同義詞研究
(
HANFEI TONGYI 2004)
p.
174 - Lateinische Synonymik
(
MENGE)
p.
81 - Using Chinese Synonyms
(
GRACE ZHANG 2010)
p.
302
Words
絕 jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 22 AttributionsWD
Jué 絕 refers - often metaphorically - to causing something to become discontinuous, to be interrupted or broken off.
- Word relations
- Ant: 繼/CONTINUE
The most current general word for continuing to do something and also for continuing a tradition is jì 繼 (ant. jué 絕 "disrupt a tradition") which concentrates on the original thing that is being continued or made longer.
- Syntactic words
- nabactthe breaking off of relations with
- v[adN]passivewhat is doomed to be discontinued; what has bee discontinued; what has been broken off as a traditionCH
- vtoNbreak; break off; snap
- vtoNfigurativebreak off relations with
- vtoNfigurative, middle voicemiddle voice: be broken off > be discontinued
- vtoNreflexive.自break onself off from> cut oneself off from
- vttoN1.+N2N1=recipientcut off N2 for sake of N1 (e.g. road etc.)DS
折 zhé OC: kljed MC: tɕiɛt 21 AttributionsWD
The most general word for breaking anything off is zhé 折and the word refers to the action of breaking something off as such; the action of breaking is not necessarily attributed to a person or animal: the wind may zhé 折 something off.
- Word relations
- Ant: 補/REPAIR
Bǔ 補 focusses on the act of supplementing something as a constitutive element to get something into good repair. - Object: 枝/BRANCH
The standard word for any kind of branch, large or small, is zhī 枝 (ant. gàn 幹 "trunk"), a word etymologically related to zhī 肢 "limb". - Contrast: 摧/BREAK OFF
Cuī 摧 explicitly refers to human actions of breaking off. (If passivised, these verbs always invite the question of who the agent was.)
- Syntactic words
- vichangeget broken, get broken off
- vichangeget broken off
- vtoNbreak off; take off (an ear); have (one's ribs etc) broken
- vtoNmiddle voicehave (one's leg) broken off
斷絕 duàn jué OC: doonʔ dzod MC: dʷɑn dziɛt 7 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNfigurativecause to be discontinuous and broken off > disrupt, break off
- VPtoNfigurativebe broken off; be discontinued
摧 cuī OC: sɡluul MC: dzuo̝i 4 AttributionsWD
Cuī 摧 explicitly refers to human actions of breaking off. (If passivised, these verbs always invite the question of who the agent was.)
- Word relations
- Contrast: 折/BREAK OFF
The most general word for breaking anything off is zhé 折and the word refers to the action of breaking something off as such; the action of breaking is not necessarily attributed to a person or animal: the wind may zhé 折 something off.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbreak off
- vtoNfigurativebe broken
拉 lā OC: ɡ-ruub MC: ləp 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNXINXU break off
挫 cuò OC: skools MC: tsʷɑ 2 AttributionsWD
Cuò 挫refers specifically to blunting the edge of something by breaking off what is sharp, and the word is in any case marginal in this group.
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Npassiveto be maltreated (by somebody)
- vtoNpassivebreak, get broken off
摺 lā OC: ɡ-rɯɯb MC: ləp 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNhave (one's teeth etc) broken (off); break (ribs)
斷 duàn OC: doonʔ MC: dʷɑn 2 AttributionsWD
Duàn 斷 emphasises to the decisive resultative aspect of the breaking off, typically also cutting off, and the word tended to be metaphorical in early texts, increasingly taking on its concrete meaning at later stages. See CUT.
- Word relations
- Ant: 續/CONTINUE
Xù 續 (ant. duàn 斷 "interrupt a tradition") focusses on what is being added in the lengthening process, and the dominant meaning of the word is spatial lengthening. - Contrast: 斬/CUT
Zhǎn 斬, fá 伐, zhuó 斫, zhuó 斲 describe the violent hacking off of a part from a whole.
- Syntactic words
- vadNbroken offLZ
- vadVbrokenlyLZ
- vtoNN=massget broken (not necessarily "be broken by someone".
- vtoNperfectivebreak off, break to pieces
打折 dǎ shé OC: rtaaŋʔ ɡljed MC: tɣaŋ dʑiɛt 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativebreak to pieces
決 jué OC: kʷeed MC: ket 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNpassivecome off, get detached
擊折 jī zhé OC: keeɡ kljed MC: kek tɕiɛt 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativestrike so as to break
橛 jué MC: gjwot OC: ɡodCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNmiddle voiceget broken; get uprootedCH
攦 lì MC: -- -- OC: -- --CH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNbreak offCH
橛 jué MC: gjwot OC: ɡodCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNpassivebroken offCH
橛 jué MC: gjwot OC: ɡodCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNpassivebroken offCH
打斷 dǎ duàn OC: rtaaŋʔ doonʔ MC: tɣaŋ dʷɑn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNfigurativebreak off, cutt off
Existing SW for
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