Taxonomy of meanings for 滯:　　

Additional information about 滯

說文解字: 【滯】，凝也。从水、帶聲。 【直例切】

Criteria
• STOP
  

  1. The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary.

  2. Definitive discontinuation, often of inanimate processes, is yǐ 已 (ant. zuò 作 "break into action"). See FINISH.

  3. Bà 罷 is to deliberately discontinue a course of action one is embarked on, particularly a military action.

  4. Ceasing in a human activity, for a while, is xí 息 and the somewhat rarer xiū 休 (all ant. zuò 作 "break into action").

  5. Jué 絕 (ant. jì 繼 "continue") is to disrupt one's current (human) activity, and fèi 廢 (ant. qín 勤 "continue to make a serioues effort") is to discontinue such an acitivity permanently.

  6. Shě 舍 (often negated) is to relent in a certain activity.

  7. Chuò 輟 (ant.* láo 勞 "put in a continued honest effort") is temporary discontinuation of human action.

  8. Zhì 滯 can be used to refer to the involuntary discontinuation in an activity.

  9. Xiē1 歇 refers to the discontinuation of a process (like that of worrying).

• FLOW
  

  1. The dominant standard word for the natural flow of water or any liquid is líú 流 (ant. zhì 滯 "be blocked").

  2. Pèi 沛 is to flow abundantly and rapidly.

  3. Màn 漫 is to overflow in all directions.

  4. Yǎn 衍 and yǎn 演 are both occasionally (and originally!) used to refer to water flowing over long distances.

  NB: There are many poetic words in this group which have rather low frequency. Poetically elaborated groups of this kind need a separate study which takes special note of rules of euphony in poetry in addition to semantic considerations.

• REMAIN
  

  1. The current word for staying or remaining in one place is jū 居 (ant. xíng 行 "walk away").

  2.Chǔ 處 (ant. yóu 游 "travel"), much rarer than jū 居, refers to being situated in one place rather than moving about, and the word, in this meaning, can refer to persons as well as things.

  3. Zhǐ 止 is inchoative and refers to the coming to stop so as to remain in a certain place after movement.

  4. Liú 留 (ant. lí 離 "get away from a place") refers to immobility in one place after one has already spent some time there.

  5. Zhù 駐 can come to refer to staying in a place other than one's home.

  6. Zhì 滯 refers to getting stuck in one place, being unable to leave.

• CHANGE
  

  1. The most current general words for objective and typically abrupt change are biàn 變 "change FROM one's original state to become something different" (ant. héng 恆 "remain constant").

  2. Huà 化 (ant. cháng 常 "remain constant") refers to irreversible change INTO a fundamentally new state, while retaining one's identity".

  3. Gǎi 改 refers to a deliberate change brought about at a certain point in time, typically in order to improve a situation. See IMPROVE

  4. Gēng 更 is an act of deliberately changing something, typically by replacing it by an improved version of the same kind of thing in order to insure continuity.

  5. Gé 革 (ant. yīn 因 "continue the tradition") refers to a typically unlicenced act of replacing the old by something new.

  6. Yì 易 refers prototypically to a change construed as brought about by a process of interchange and (often mutual) replacement.

  7. Dòng 動 refers to change construed as the moving from a previous stable state.

  8. Xǐ 徙 refers to making the object moved unstable.

  9. Yí 移 refers to a change in a current situation so as to effect a certain development in a desired direction.

  10. Yú 渝 is to change a current situation or an object, generally to the worse, and the word is remarkably often negated.

  11. Qiān 遷 (ant. 滯 "stay put in one place, unable to move") refers typically to change of one's current condition brought about by oneself.

  12. Fǎn 反 refers to a change resulting in the reverting to one's original state. See RETURN vt.fig

  13. Zhuǎn 轉 refers to change typically construed as part of a cycle of changes.