STUBBORN  固執

EXCESSIVELY STRONG of MIND, TEND to REFUSE to CHANGE one's ATTITUDE.
OBSTINATEHEADSTRONGWILLFULSTRONG-WILLEDPIGHEADEDOBDURATEDIFFICULTCONTRARYPERVERSERECALCITRANTINFLEXIBLEIRON-WILLEDUNCOMPROMISINGUNBENDINGINFORMAL STIFF-NECKEDBLOODY-MINDEDBALKYFORMAL PERTINACIOUSREFRACTORYCONTUMACIOUS
Hypernym
  • STRONGABLE to ACHIEVE DIFFICULT TASKS of the BODY OR to the MIND.
    • ABLEHAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something.
      • HAVERELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one.
        • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER....
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word referring to stubbornness in a positive or in the positive sense of unswerving determination is gù 固.

2. Bì 愎 refers to stubbornness as a deplorable feature involving lack of flexibility and obstinacy.

3. Yì 意 refers to purely psychological or opinionated intellectual stubbornness.

Modern Chinese Criteria
固執

執拗

拘泥

拘執

愚頑

頑固

死硬

僵硬

頑梗

執著

剛愎

剛愎自用

一把死拿

死心眼

一個心眼兒

頑固不化

泥古不化

師心自用

愚而自用

自以為是

一意孤行

如風過耳

死心塌地

執迷不悟

至死不悟

不識時務

諱疾忌醫

屢教不改

不見棺材不流淚

不到船翻不跳河

不到黃河心不死

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1219

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.91.67

    ENTETE.OPINIATRE.TETU.OBSTINE

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 64B

Words

固  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝
故  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 14 AttributionsWD

The current general word referring to stubbornness in a positive or in the positive sense of unswerving determination is gù 固.

    Word relations
  • Inconsist: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.

    Syntactic words
  • nabpsychboorish inflexibility
  • vadVinsistently V; firmly
  • vibe stubborn, fixed in one's ways, inflexible, boorish
愎  bì OC: brɯɡ MC: bɨk 7 AttributionsWD

Bì 愎 refers to stubbornness as a deplorable feature involving lack of flexibility and obstinacy.

    Word relations
  • Epithet: 諫/REMONSTRATE The current general word for making representations to higher authorities is jiàn 諫.
  • Assoc: 剛/HARD Gāng 剛 (ant. róu 柔 "pliable") focusses on physical hardness as the core of inflexibility and firmness. [has also fig. meanings with positive and negative connotations][CA]
  • Assoc: 貪/GREEDY The current abstract term for an exaggerated desire for the possession of things of all kinds is tān 貪 (ant. lián 廉 "morally pure and ungreedy").
  • Assoc: 驁/ARROGANT

    Syntactic words
  • nabactstubborn behavior
  • vadVstubbornly
  • viself-willed; willful, obstinate, stubborn; heartless;
  • vtoNbe stubborn vis-a-vis, stubbornly reject
硜  kēng OC: khreeŋ MC: khɣɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vi.redbe block-headed; stubborn
  • vi.red:-V{SUF}be stubbornly stupid
剛愎  gāng bì OC: kaaŋ brɯɡ MC: kɑŋ bɨk 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPiintensitivebe very stuborn
堅  jiān MC: ken OC: kiinCH 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nabpsychologicalstubbornnessCH
  • vibe stubbornDS
狠  yán MC: ngean OC: --CH 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vibe pig-headed and insensitiveCH
必  bì OC: piɡ MC: pit 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vibe inflexible; be entirely predictable
意  yì OC: qɯɡs MC: ʔɨ 1 AttributionWD

Yì 意 refers to purely psychological or opinionated intellectual stubbornness.

    Syntactic words
  • vibe opinionated
慹  jí OC: sdib MC: dzip 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • nabpsychstubbornness
留  liú OC: b-ru MC: lɨu 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • viactbehave in a stubborn way
諒  liàng OC: ɡ-raŋs MC: li̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vistubborn
堅固  jiān gù OC: kiin kaas MC: ken kuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • VPibe psychologically inflexible
頑  wán OC: ŋɡroon MC: ŋɣan 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vibe stubborn; be strong-headed
乙  yǐ MC: 'it OC: qriɡCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vi.redfigurativebe stubbornly fixed and difficult to draw outCH
亮  liàng MC: ljangH OC: ɡ-raŋsCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • vi=諒　be morally pertinacious; be morally uncompromising; be basically morally determined; be (morally) stubbornly earnestCH
婞  xìng MC: hengX OC: ɢeeŋʔCH 1 AttributionWD

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 直/STRAIGHT The current general word for something concrete or abstract being straight in any abstract or concrete way is zhí 直 (ant. wān 彎 "bent")

    Syntactic words
  • vibe headstrong; be stubbornCH
強  qiáng OC: ɡaŋ MC: gi̯ɐŋ 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vadNheadstrong; stubborn
  • vibe headstrong; be stubborn
  Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • vi.redfigurativebe stubbornly fixed and difficult to draw outCH

Existing SW for

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