REMONSTRATE 進諫諫
CRITICISE a SUPERIOR ADDRESSING A SUPERIOR.
PROTESTCOMPLAINEXPOSTULATEARGUE WITHTAKE ISSUE WITH
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for making representations to higher authorities is jiàn 諫.
2. Fěng 諷 refers to the making of indirect polite representations to superiors.
3. Zhēng 爭 / 諍 refers to vigorous and sometimes even aggressive representations to superiors.
2. Fěng 諷 refers to the making of indirect polite representations to superiors.
3. Zhēng 爭 / 諍 refers to vigorous and sometimes even aggressive representations to superiors.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006
GOVERNMENT/LAW 24. 臣下向君主提出建議、規勸。
諫，直言相告。
諍，力爭，強諫。
諷，委婉規勸。
GOVERNMENT/LAW 24. 臣下向君主提出建議、規勸。
諫，直言相告。
諍，力爭，強諫。
諷，委婉規勸。
Modern Chinese Criteria
進諫 is the current word for remonstration with a monarch.
諫諍 (lit) refers to written criticism of a monarch.
諍諫 (lit) refers to written criticism of a monarch.
規諫 refers to remonstration, prototypically insofar as it is in accordance with a moral rule.
諷諫 refers to critical admonisment to a higher authority, not necessarily a monarch.
進言 (lit) refers quite generally to a memorandum submitted, typically a piece of advice offered to higher authorities, and the word is marginal in the group.
諫
諍
諗
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
諫諍 (lit) refers to written criticism of a monarch.
諍諫 (lit) refers to written criticism of a monarch.
規諫 refers to remonstration, prototypically insofar as it is in accordance with a moral rule.
諷諫 refers to critical admonisment to a higher authority, not necessarily a monarch.
進言 (lit) refers quite generally to a memorandum submitted, typically a piece of advice offered to higher authorities, and the word is marginal in the group.
諫
諍
諗
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China"
(
UNGER SACH)
p.
REMONSTRATION
- 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
353
Attributions by syntactic funtion
Attributions by text
- 韓非子 : 23
- 說苑 : 16
- 春秋左傳 : 11
- 孝經 : 8
- 史記 : 7
- 論語 : 5
- 古列女傳 : 4
- 淮南子 : 3
- 荀子 : 2
- 韓詩外傳 : 2
- 文選 : 1
- 搜神記 : 1
- 列子 : 1
- 尚書 : 1
- 禮記 : 1
- 莊子 : 1
- 賢愚經 : 1
- 祖堂集 : 1
Words
諫 jiàn OC: kraans MC: kɣan 68 AttributionsWD
The current general word for making representations to higher authorities is jiàn 諫.
- Word relations
- Epithet: 愎/STUBBORN
Bì 愎 refers to stubbornness as a deplorable feature involving lack of flexibility and obstinacy. - Assoc: 箴/WARN
Zhēn 箴 is an archaic word referring to formal remonstration. The direction of this warning is upwards. - Assoc: 誨/TEACH
Huì 誨 (ant. xí 習 "study persistently") refers to systematic and persistent efforts to teach and inculcate intellectual or practical skills (誨之琴 "taught him to play the zither") and moral understanding of students (誨女知之 "I will teach you so you understand"), and the word never implies coercion or any threat of force. Huì 誨 can be mutual, or refer to equals teaching equals, even subordinates teaching superiors 諫誨 "remonstrate with and instruct". The word is not commonly nominalised. The primary aim of huì 誨 is understanding. - Assoc: 難/OPPOSE
- Assoc: 諷/REMONSTRATE
Fěng 諷 refers to the making of indirect polite representations to superiors.
- Syntactic words
- nabactremonstration
- v[adN]remonstrator
- vadNremonstrating (e.g. ministers)
- vt(oN)remonstrate to the contextually determinate person
- vt(oN)object=matterremonstrate about the contextually determinate matter (note that no vtt-construction is found so far for this jia4n.
- vt(oN.)+Vremonstrate with a contextually determinate person N or on a contextually determinate subject N (and say:)
- vt+prep+Nobject=superiorraise formal objection towards the superior [DS]
- vt[oN]make a formal submission on something; raise formal objections, attempt to remonstrate directly
- vtoNN=commonerremonstrate with someone (who is impressive, but not a ruler)CH
- vtoNN=humanbe remonstrated to
- vtoNN=topicbe remonstrated about
- vtoNobject=matterremonstrate about (a matter)
- vtoNobject=superiorremonstrate formally and openly with a superior; offer formal advice at court (positive or negative)
諍 zhēng MC: -- OC: --
爭 zhēng MC: tsreang OC: skreeŋ 10 AttributionsWD
Zhēng 爭/諍 refers to vigorous and sometimes even aggressive representations to superiors.
- Syntactic words
- nabarguments, debate
- vadNremonstrating, criticalLZ
- vt prep Nraise an issue strongly and critically with a superior or an equalLZ
- vtoNtake issue strongly, raise an issue strongly and critically with a superior or an equal
諷 fěng OC: plums MC: puŋ 5 AttributionsWD
Fěng 諷 refers to the making of indirect polite representations to superiors.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 諫/REMONSTRATE
The current general word for making representations to higher authorities is jiàn 諫.
- Syntactic words
- nabactsubtle suggestions
- vt[oN]suggest things subtly; make subtle suggestions; come up with frank opinions
- vtoNremonstrate indirectly with
數 shǔ OC: sqroʔ MC: ʂi̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- viactmake petulant remonstrations諫???
諗 shěn OC: qhljɯmʔ MC: ɕim 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vttoN.+V[0]archaic: remontrate with N saying that S
諫喻 jiàn yù OC: kraans los MC: kɣan ji̯o 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNremonstrate with so as to enlighten
彊諫 qiáng jiàn MC: gjang kaenH OC: ɡaŋ kraansCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPimake strong representations, make strong remonstrationsCH
箴諫 zhēn jiàn MC: tsyim kaenH OC: kjum kraansCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactremonstration; public criticism of rulership policiesCH
諫爭 jiàn zhēng MC: kaenH tsreang OC: kraans skreeŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi(= 諫諍) remonstrate, criticise in publicLZ
証 zhèng OC: tjeŋs MC: tɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN]LSCQ, ZGC remonstrate straightforwardly or openly
彊諫 qiáng jiàn MC: gjang kaenH OC: ɡaŋ kraansCH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPimake strong representations, make strong remonstrationsCH
Existing SW for
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