Taxonomy of meanings for 竟:　　

  • 竟 jìng (OC: kraŋs MC: kɯiaŋ) 居慶切 去 廣韻：【窮也終也又姓出何氏姓苑 】
    • END
      • nabeventconclusion
      • vichangecome to an end; be concluded
      • vpostadVV to the end, finish V-ing
      • vt(oN)causativebring to an end the contextually determinate matter
      • vtoNconclude (as a performance of music)
    • grammatlicalised: in the end, really>REALITY
      • vadVin the end, in the event; in point of fact
      • lasting>ENDURING
        • high degree>INTENSELY
          • vadV{NEG}intensely (before negative verbs)
        • and without detours>IMMEDIATELY
            • subordinating>WHEN
              • vpostS1.adS2This is a rather grammaticalized usage of 竟 marking the temporal anteriority of S1 to S2: after S1, S2 (compare the more current 了 and 已)
          • unexpected>COINCIDENCE
            • vadVin the end APPEARS ALSO IN SYN. GROUP 'REALITY'
            • contrary to expectation> SURPRISE
        • =境BOUNDARY
          • nn(post-Npl): border-line of the state, border of the state (for 出境 compare 出門)
          • nabfigurativedistinction; border; boundary

        Additional information about 竟

        說文解字: 【竟】，樂曲盡爲竟。从音、从人。 【居慶切】

          Criteria
        • COINCIDENCE

          1. The current general word for contingency is shì 適 (ant. bì 必 "necessarily").

          2. Huì 會 is an historian's technical term for coincidence which became current in Han times, and the word is adsentential.

          3. O ㄆ偶 (ant. bì 必 "necessarily") is a rather rare word specifically focussing on the arbitary contingency of something happening.

          4. Guǒ 果 "in the event" focusses on the fact that something that might not have happened but was expected to happen, did in fact happen.

          5. Zú 卒 and jìng 竟 focus on something happening in the end that might never have happened at all.

        • ORIGINALLY

          1. The general word is běn 本 (ant. jìng 竟 "in the end") and refers to the crucial and formative early stage in any development.

          2. Chū 初 (ant. jīn 今 "nowadays") is purely chronological and does not imply any formative influence of the beginning stage.

          3. Shǐ 始 "originally" (ant. zhōng 終 "in the end") does imply a strict continuity of development from the beginnings to later stages.

          4. Sù 素 "primordially" (ant. jīn 今 "nowadays") emphasises the primordial and essential purity of the earliest phase of something.

          Word relations
        • Contrast: (END)極/REACH
        • Synon: (END)畢/END Bì 畢 refers to finishing or discontinuing an action after it has achieved its aim or comes to a natural end.
        • Synon: (END)窮/END
        • Synon: (END)終/END The common noun referring to the final stage or final moment in a process is zhōng 終 (ant. shǐ 始 "beginning").