COINCIDENCE  偶然

HAPPEN NOT BEING EXPECTED FOR WHICH ONE HAS NO EXPLANATION.[[NB incidentally: The Epicurean aleatoric view of natural history.]]
ACCIDENTALSERENDIPITOUSALEATORICINCIDENTALCOINCIDENTALCONTINGENTCHANCECONTINGENCYACCIDENTCHANCESERENDIPITYFORTUITYPROVIDENCEHAPPENSTANCEFATEA FLUKE
Antonym
  • NECESSITYCERTAIN AND CAUSING ONE NOT to be ABLE to IMAGINE it being NOT TRUE.
    Hypernym
    • HAPPENARISE as AN EVENT.
      • ARISEThe EVENT that something BEGINS to EXIST.
        • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME.
          • REALITYEXIST and NOT ONLY BE IMAGINED....
    See also
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. The current general word for contingency is shì 適 (ant. bì 必 "necessarily").

    2. Huì 會 is an historian's technical term for coincidence which became current in Han times, and the word is adsentential.

    3. O ㄆ偶 (ant. bì 必 "necessarily") is a rather rare word specifically focussing on the arbitary contingency of something happening.

    4. Guǒ 果 "in the event" focusses on the fact that something that might not have happened but was expected to happen, did in fact happen.

    5. Zú 卒 and jìng 竟 focus on something happening in the end that might never have happened at all.

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    偶然

    偶爾

    偶發

    偶

    未免 "well and truly"

    恰巧

    剛巧

    湊巧

    可巧

    碰巧

    偏巧

    趕巧

    正巧

    恰好

    正好

    剛好

    可好

    恰恰

    剛剛

    可可兒的

    恰

    剛

    巧

    正

    適

    正是時候

    適逢其會

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    Old Chinese Contrasts
    1. The non-necessary event may be construed as conforming to expectations (guǒ 果 ), or it may be construed as pure chance (huì 會, ǒu 偶 ).

    2. The non-necessary event may be construed as narratively significant (huì 會, guǒ 果 ), or it may be primarily construed as arbitrary (ǒu 偶 ).

    3. The non-neccesary event may be construed as an interesting or surprising coincidence (huì 會 ), or it may simply be described as a non-necessary event (ǒu 偶 ).

    • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 216

      CHANCE

    • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 495

      CONTINGENS, qvod cum aliter essse potuisset, aliter factum est.

      Concurrunt 1. aliqvid 2. diversos habens modos. 3. Determinatio vuluntate aut casu facta, ut hoc modo fit.

      Ax.

      1. Contingentia rerum datur qvia modi plures dantur, qvo res esse possunt.

      2. Contingentia est in copia rerum, qvae aliter aut cum alijs copulari poterant.

      3. Contingentia possibilium est.

    • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 103

    • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

      FORTUNA/CASUS

      VICISSITUDO RERUM

    • Woerterbuch der Philosophie. Neue Beitraege zu einer Kritik der Sprache ( MAUTHNER WP 1924) p. III497

    • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1563

    • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.1408

    • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 450

      會，適

      1. It is true that while there is one instance of shi4 hui4 適會 there seems to be no case of hui4 shi4 會適.

      2. Whereas shi4 適 often intervenes between subject and predicate, hui4 會 alone can always be construed as adsentential, as far as we I can see. This marks a significant difference between these words.

    • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy ( BORCHERT 2005) p.

      CHANCE

    • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.80.57

      HASARD.FORTUNE.SORT.DESTIN

    • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 542

    Words

    適  shì OC: qljeɡ MC: ɕiɛk 30 AttributionsWD

    The current general word for contingency is shì 適 (ant. bì 必 "necessarily").

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 會/COINCIDENCE Huì 會 is an historian's technical term for coincidence which became current in Han times, and the word is adsentential.

      Syntactic words
    • vadSas it happened, in the event; as things happen to be, by chance
    • vadV士適出 "this officer happened to leave the house": in effect; as it happens; by some chance; as it turned out in the event; by some coincidence
    卒  zú OC: skud MC: tsʷit 17 AttributionsWD

    Zú 卒 and jìng 竟 focus on something happening in the end that might never have happened at all.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVin the end, finally, as it turned out
    或  huò OC: ɡʷɯɯɡ MC: ɦək 12 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • padSby some chance, by any chance, as it happened
    會  huì OC: ɡloobs MC: ɦɑi 12 AttributionsWD

    Huì 會 is an historian's technical term for coincidence which became current in Han times, and the word is adsentential.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 適/COINCIDENCE The current general word for contingency is shì 適 (ant. bì 必 "necessarily").

      Syntactic words
    • vadSby coincidence, as it happened; by chance; it so happened that S
    • vadVas it happens; as the case is; certainly?
    • vt+V[0]by chance
    偶  ǒu OC: ŋooʔ MC: ŋu 5 AttributionsWD

    Ǒu 偶 (ant. bì 必 "necessarily") is a rather rare word specifically focussing on the arbitary contingency of something happening.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVby chance; by pure chance; without planning; without proper planning
    恰  qià OC: khroob MC: khɣɛp 5 AttributionsWD
    • 敦煌變文中的壯雙音節副詞 Dūnhuáng biànwén zhōng de shuāngyīnjié fùcí [Disyllabic Adverbs in the Transformation texts] 語言學論叢 Yuyanxue luncong ( CAO GUANGSHUN 1984) p. 120

    • 《祖堂集》虛詞研究 Zǔtáng jí xūcí yánjiū A Study of Function Words in Zǔtáng jí ( SONG YINSHENG 1996) p. 170-172

      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]happen to V, by chance, have the opportunity to (the V is usually a positive event: be so fortunate to V; but sometimes also neutralized) The word expresses that an action happens by coincidence. It probably originated during the Tang dynasty and is quite common in ZTJ. In BIANWEN there is also one example of the reduplicated form of the word qiàqià 恰恰 : 峻嶺高嶺總安致，恰恰偏布不容針。 (WANG ZHONGMIN 1957: 370). There is also one example of qiàhǎo 恰好 in ZTJ (ZTJ 3.079; WU: 242: 有僧問： “ 十二中時如何據驗？ ” 師云： “ 恰好據驗。 ”)
    忽  hū OC: hmɯɯd MC: huot 4 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • padV.postN{SUBJ}as it happened
    • vadSby coincidence (probably there are many places where one mechanically translates this word as "suddenly" where "as it happened" and the like are preferable.)
    自然  zì rán OC: sblids njen MC: dzi ȵiɛn 4 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSby coincidence
    • VPadVcoincidentally
    • VPibe coincidental
    值  zhí OC: dɯɡs MC: ɖɨ 3 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nadSby coincidence, as it happened
    遭  zāo OC: tsuu MC: tsɑu 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVby chance, as it happened
    竟  jìng OC: kraŋs MC: kɣaŋ 2 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVin the end APPEARS ALSO IN SYN. GROUP 'REALITY'
    偶然  ǒu rán OC: ŋooʔ njen MC: ŋu ȵiɛn 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPihappen to be as one is
    偶適  ǒu shì OC: ŋooʔ qljeɡ MC: ŋu ɕiɛk 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVby chance, without any human planning or other planning being involved
    幸而  xìng ér OC: ɢreeŋʔ njɯ MC: ɦɣɛŋ ȵɨ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • PPadVby any chance
    恰值  qià zhí OC: khroob dɯɡs MC: khɣɛp ɖɨ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPt0oSit happens to be that S; as it happens S; by coincidence S
    會值  huì zhí OC: ɡloobs dɯɡs MC: ɦɑi ɖɨ 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadSby coincidence
    果然  guǒ rán OC: kloolʔ njen MC: kʷɑ ȵiɛn 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVin the end, as a result, as expected, really
    適然  shì rán OC: qljeɡ njen MC: ɕiɛk ȵiɛn 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabfactualcoincidence
    • VPadNcontingent, fortuitous
    邂逅  xiè hòu OC: ɡrees ɡoos MC: ɦɣɛ ɦu 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVby coincidence
    儻  tàng 1 AttributionWD
      Syntactic words
    • vadVby coincidence; out of the blue, just like thatCH
    恐  kǒng OC: khoŋʔ MC: khi̯oŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    空  kōng OC: khooŋ MC: khuŋ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    偶會  ǒu huì OC: ŋooʔ ɡloobs MC: ŋu ɦɑi 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmetaphysicalcoincidence
    適會  shì huì OC: qljeɡ ɡloobs MC: ɕiɛk ɦɑi 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVby coincidence
    時  shí OC: ɡljɯ MC: dʑɨ 0 AttributionsWD
      Syntactic words
    • nadVas it happened, by happenstance, by coincidence

    Existing SW for

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