INVESTIGATE    考察審／察

TRY SYSTEMATICALLY to UNDERSTAND.
INQUIRE INTOLOOK INTOGO INTOPROBEEXPLORESCRUTINIZECONDUCT AN INVESTIGATION INTOMAKE INQUIRIES ABOUTINSPECTANALYZESTUDYEXAMINECONSIDERRESEARCHINFORMAL CHECK OUTSUSS OUTSCOPE OUTDIGGET TO THE BOTTOM OF
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully". 2. Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence. 3. Xǐng 省 typically refers to investigation by introspection. 4. Jiū 究 and qióng 窮 emphasise the thoroughness and exhaustiveness of an investigation. 5. Xiáng 詳, xī 悉, and dì 諦 focus on the detailed nature of an investigation without insisting on its exhaustiveness. 6. Yuán 原 refers to a principled investigation into all aspects of a topic, getting to the bottom of a matter. NB: pàn 判涄 ome to a result in an investigation � does not refer to the investigation itself but only the final act of judgment on the result; d“ng 定洖 etermine (the truth of a matter) is a resultative verb. Duàn 斷烒 each a conclusion on an investigation � is close to pàn 判.
Modern Chinese Criteria
檢查 檢察 檢討 調查 考察 查明 踏看 踏勘 查 查證 偵查 偵探 偵緝 查訪 察訪 內查外調 明查暗訪 微服私訪 私行察訪 first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH
Hyponym
  • STUDYnew-6550b492-d4e4-45ba-90b4-92d4e425ba10　INVESTIGATE THINGS OR IMITATE ANOTHER so as to STRIVE FOR SKILLFULNESS, KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING. (anc: 14/0, child: 4)
  • TEST　INVESTIGATE whether something is TRUE OR UNTRUE. (anc: 14/0, child: 2)
  • CHECK　INVESTIGATE the TRUTH of a SENTENCE:statement. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • ESPIONAGE　SECRET INVESTIGATION of the SITUATION in OTHER STATES. (anc: 14/0, child: 1)
  • SCIENCE　SYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION of a DEFINED GROUP of PHENOMENA. (anc: 14/0, child: 20)
See also
  • SCIENCESYSTEMATIC INVESTIGATION of a DEFINED GROUP of PHENOMENA.
Hypernym
  • TRY　ACT, BUT DOUBT WHETHER one WILL be SUCCESSFUL ACTING. (anc: 12/0, child: 9)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 27

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 227

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 689

  • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 78

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.30

  • Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 451

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 225

    • Words (84 items)

    察  chá OC: skhreed MC: ʈʂhɣɛt 65 Attributions

    The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".

      Syntactic words
    • nabactinvestigation; discursive investigation, intellectual investigation
    • vt(oN)investigate the contextually determinate matter
    • vt+prep+Ninvestigate
    • vt[oN]conduct an investigation; be investigative; be searching
    • vtoNlook closely into, pay close attention to and investigate
    • vtoNpassivebe carefully investigated
    • vtoNpsychinvestigate oneself
    • vtoSinvestigate the question whether SCH
    觀  guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 58 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 視/INVESTIGATE
    • Contrast: 察/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".
    • Contrast: 考 / 考/INVESTIGATE Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence.
    • Assoc: 參/CHECK The current standard word for cross-checking and veryfying a statement is cān 參 which refers to the cross-checking of a public statement against the realities it claims to refer to.
    • Assoc: 鑒/LOOK

      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-V{NUM}actcareful observations and investigations 八觀
    • viactBUDDH: engage in analytical mediation, contemplate
    • vt[0]oNimperativelet us consider the N
    • vtoNcontemplate and reflect on; critically observe, watch carefully; look over carefully and systematically, make an overall investigation; survey and examine
    • vtoNPab{S}observe whether S; investigate how S;
    • vtoNpassivebe looked into carefully, be investigated properly
    • vtoNpsychobserve (oneself)
    視  shì OC: ɡljils MC: dʑi 36 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Ninvestigate, look closely into
    • vtoNlook closely (into a matter); examine (something); have a close look (on something), observe (something) closely; keep an eye on
    • vtoNfigurativelook into and deal with (as an official)
    • vtoNPab{S}invstigate the abstract feature NPab; investigate whether; see whether (with nominalised sentential object)
    • vtoSinvestigate whether; see whether (with sentential object)
    審  shěn OC: qhjɯmʔ MC: ɕim 31 Attributions

    The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".

      Word relations
    • Object: 己/SELF The most general-use word referring to oneself is jǐ 己, and this word refers regularly to the highest subject in the whole sentence in which it occurs.
    • Contrast: 察/INTELLIGENT Chá 察 refers to discriminating investigative intelligence.
    • Assoc: 合/COMPARE
    • Assoc: 驗/CHECK Yàn 驗 and zhēng 徵 refer to an attempt to find specific good evidence (often historical evidence) for something.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVjudiciously
    • vt+prep+Ninvestigate
    • vt[oN]investigate things carefully
    • vtoNstudy meticulously, determine distinctly; study carefully; pay consistent careful attention to; investigate closely and with deep concern
    • vtoNimperativestudy meticulously!LZ
    • vtoNpassivebe diligently investigatedCH
    • vtoNpsychinvestigate (oneself) carefully
    省  xǐng OC: seŋʔ MC: siɛŋ 28 Attributions

    Xǐng 省 typically refers to investigation by introspection.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 察/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".

      Syntactic words
    • nabactLIJI, zhongyong 15: trial
    • vt(oN)figurativeinvestigate oneself
    • vt(oN)ominspect, investigate, examine (a contextually determinate N)
    • vt[oN]investigate thingsCH
    • vt[oN{REFLEX}]reflexiveinvestigate oneself
    • vtoNto inspect (something) carefuly, to examine (something) in details
    • vtoNfigurativeexamine (oneself in three respects etc)
    • vtoNpsychinvestigate (oneself), examine (oneself) morally
    • vtoNreflexive.內investigate oneself
    考  kǎo OC: khuuʔ MC: khɑu
    考  kǎo OC: khuuʔ MC: khɑu 18 Attributions

    Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence.

      Syntactic words
    • viactconduct investigations
    • vtoNexamine carefully; to submit to a close examination; to investigate strictly　Shiji: 考信
    • vtoNpassiveget investigated
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2investigate N1 by the measure of N2CH
    反  fǎn OC: panʔ MC: pi̯ɐn 15 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativeto investigate one's mind; look back at one's behaviour
    • vtoNpsychreflect upon (oneself)
    • vtoNpsychturn to (oneself) and examine oneself
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2psychturn round and investigate things in (oneself)
    稽  jī OC: kii MC: kei 12 Attributions

    Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence.

      Syntactic words
    • nobjectthings to investigate, things that must be investigated
    • vt+prep+NinvestigateLZ
    • vtoNarchaic: investigate (e.g. antiquity)
    窮  qióng OC: ɡʷɯŋ MC: guŋ 11 Attributions

    Jiū 究and qióng 窮 emphasise the thoroughness and exhaustiveness of an investigation.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate thoroughly (often used in analytical contexts)
    覽  lǎn OC: ɡ-raamʔ MC: lɑm 10 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 察/INTELLIGENT Chá 察 refers to discriminating investigative intelligence.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgain an intellectual survey of, investigate comprehensively; make a comprehensive investigative survey of
    觀察  guān chá OC: koon skhreed MC: kʷɑn ʈʂhɣɛt 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)ominvestigate, inspect (a contextually determinate N)
    • VPt[oN]observe and investigate things
    • VPtoNinvestigate, inspect, check out
    詰  jié OC: khid MC: khit 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinquire into; ask for details about a matter, ask in order to get to the bottom of a matter
    • vtoNpassivebe investigated into
    內省  nèi xǐng OC: nuubs seŋʔ MC: nuo̝i siɛŋ 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactinvestigate oneself inwardly
    原  yuán OC: ŋɡon MC: ŋi̯ɐn 6 Attributions

    Yuán 原 refers to a principled investigation into all aspects of a topic, getting to the bottom of a matter.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 察/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)get to the bottom of something contextually determinate
    • vtoNinvestigate to the bottom, investigate systematically; determine through investigation
    探  tàn OC: kh-luum MC: thəm 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNspy out and investigate, explore carefully
    • vtoNpassivebe explored, be investigatedCH
    本  běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNget to the bottom of, investigate fundamentally, investigate the reasons of
    看  kàn OC: khaans MC: khɑn 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)investigate a contextually determinate matter
    • vt.red(:oN)investigate the contextually determinate matter N a little
    • vtoNobserve (from a distance), survey from a distance; find out about through observationBUDDH: view (the mind), investigate (one's thoughts)
    • vtoNclose-upinvestigate at small distance
    • vtoNimperativelook into> i.e. investigate (oneself)
    審察  shěn chá OC: qhjɯmʔ skhreed MC: ɕim ʈʂhɣɛt 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)investigate carefullyCH
    • VPtoNinvestigate carefully
    索  suǒ OC: saaɡ MC: sɑk 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactinquiry
    • vtoNinquire into, try to find out about
    詢  xún OC: sqʷlin MC: sʷin 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactconsultation; investigation; (result of an consultation:) opinion
    • vtoNascertain the facts concerning
    譏  jī OC: kɯl MC: kɨi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactto carry out an inspection
    • vtoNmiddle voicethere are inspections carried out ??
    觀照  guān zhào OC: koon kljews MC: kʷɑn tɕiɛu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactenlightening (self-)investigation
    • VPt(oN)investigate so as to throw light upon
    觀見  guān jiàn OC: koon keens MC: kʷɑn ken 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultative?? investigate and come to an understanding > investigate and conclude (or should that rather be interpreted as 'visually investigate' ??)
    • VPtoSinvestigate and understand that > come to the conclusion that
    學  xué MC: haewk OC: ɡruuɡ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-Nabtheoreticalthe systematic investigation of NabVK
    • vtoNinvestigateCH
    格  gé MC: kaek  OC: kraaɡ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate the principles ofCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe properly investigatedCH
    • vtoNpassivebe properly investigated with regard to the principlesCH
    檢  jiǎn OC: kromʔ MC: kiɛm 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 考 / 考/INVESTIGATE Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate
    聽  tīng OC: theeŋ MC: theŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtry to get all the news about, investigate secretly cf. 打聽
    諦  dì OC: k-leeɡs MC: tei 2 Attributions

    Xiáng 詳, xī 悉, and dì 諦 focus on the detailed nature of an investigation without insisting on its exhaustiveness.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate carefully
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe not properly investigated or understood
    推窮  tuī qióng OC: kh-luul ɡʷɯŋ MC: thuo̝i guŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNlogicthoroughly investigate; analyse(the very nature of)
    勘  kàn OC: khluums MC: khəm 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinspect, investigate, check carefully (German: mustern); test
    問  wèn OC: mɯns MC: mi̯un 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake into proper account; show proper intellectual concern for
    實  shí OC: ɢljiɡ MC: ʑit 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 考 / 考/INVESTIGATE Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence.
    • Synon: 考 / 考/INVESTIGATE Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNestablish the facts concerning something> investigate (in concrete detail?); verify, confirm
    考實  kǎo shí OC: khuuʔ ɢljiɡ MC: khɑu ʑit 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNinvestigate so as to establish the facts about> investigate
    幾  jī MC: kj+j OC: kɯl 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNpassive= ji1 譏: be subject to investigationLZ
    按  àn OC: qaans MC: ʔɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)inquire legally into a contextually determinate matter N
    • vtoNexamine; inquire legally into
    究  jiū OC: kus MC: kɨu 2 Attributions

    Jiū 究and qióng 窮 emphasise the thoroughness and exhaustiveness of an investigation.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNto make a careful complete investigation, have a complete understanding
    • vtoNpassivebe got to the bottom of; be investigated completely
    竭  jié OC: ɡad MC: gi̯ɐt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNexhaust > thoroughly invistigate
    • vtoNmiddle voiceget exhaustively investigated; get properly investigated
    簡  jiǎn OC: kreenʔ MC: kɣɛn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNexamine; investigate; muster
    探知  tàn zhī OC: kh-luum te MC: thəm ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNconduct investigations
    訊  xùn MC: sinH OC: sɯns 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]"interrogate", i.e. investigate things; enter into a questioning 'dialogue' with things"CH
    訊  xùn MC: sinH OC: sɯns 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]"interrogate", i.e. investigate things; enter into a questioning 'dialogue' with things"CH
    詳  xiáng OC: sɢlaŋ MC: zi̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution

    Xiáng 詳, xī 悉, and dì 諦 focus on the detailed nature of an investigation without insisting on its exhaustiveness.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate to find out
    論  lùn OC: ɡ-ruuns MC: luo̝n 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake into proper account; pay attention to and be intellectually concerned with; pay proper attention to and investigate as one should;
    通  tōng OC: kh-looŋ MC: thuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake a pervasive study of, get to the bottom of
    覽揆  lǎn kuí OC: ɡ-raamʔ ɡʷilʔ MC: lɑm gi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNlook over, inspect closely
    率隨  shuài suí MC: srwit zjwe OC: srud sɢlol 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNfigurativepursue so as to investigateCH
    採訪  cǎi fǎng MC: tshojX phjangH OC: tshɯɯʔ phaŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNto carry out (complex) investigations about NVK
    參省  cān xǐng OC: tshuum seŋʔ MC: tshəm siɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Npsychinvestigate (oneself)
    燭察  zhú chá OC: tjoɡ skhreed MC: tɕi̯ok ʈʂhɣɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNthrow light on so as to investigate
    諦察  dì chá OC: k-leeɡs skhreed MC: tei ʈʂhɣɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNinvestigate closely
    審驗  shěn yàn OC: qhjɯmʔ ŋɡroms MC: ɕim ŋiɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNinvestigate critically
    觀鑒  guān jiàn OC: koon kraams MC: kʷɑn kɣam 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNobserve carefully so as to draw lessons from
    伺  sì OC: sqlɯs MC: sɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry out surveilance on, keep under close surveilance; wait for and keep under surveilance
    在  zài OC: sɡɯɯʔ MC: dzəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate
    有意  yǒu yì OC: ɢʷɯʔ qɯɡs MC: ɦɨu ʔɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Npay close attention to and investigate closely 有意焉
    存  cún OC: sɡɯɯn MC: dzuo̝n 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Synon: 察/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNreflexive.自investigate (onself)
    諦觀  dì guān OC: k-leeɡs koon MC: tei kʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)investigate carefully
    徼  jiào MC: kewH OC: kleewɡs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]to patrol, to be on guardLZ
    搜  sōu MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate, conduct a search of (a buiding)CH
    撿  liǎn OC: ɡ-romʔ MC: liɛm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNexamine and sort out properly (compare 檢)
    攷  kǎo MC: khawX OC: khuuʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN=攷 "investigate"CH
    數  shǔ MC: srjuX OC: sqroʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate, consult (XUN)LZ
    案  àn OC: qaans MC: ʔɑn 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 察/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate
    漸  jiàn OC: dzamʔ MC: dziɛm 1 Attribution

    immerse oneself into> study in detail

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativeread qia2n 潛delve into> delve deeply into so as to investigate
    省視  xǐng shì OC: seŋʔ ɡljils MC: siɛŋ dʑi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpsychexamine (oneself)
    審合  shěn hé OC: qhjɯmʔ ɡloob MC: ɕim ɦəp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcollate and investigate, investigate by collating different facts
    相  xiàng MC: sjangH OC: sqaŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate the shape and the features of N; carry out an expertise of NDS
    眇  miǎo MC: mjiewX OC: mewʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate meticulouslyCH
    瞝  chī MC: -- OC: -- 1 Attribution

    chī

      Syntactic words
    • vtoN(poetic, rare:) survey throughout
    參合  cān hé OC: tshuum ɡloob MC: tshəm ɦəp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactinvestigation through comparison and collation
    退見  tuì jiàn OC: thuubs keens MC: thuo̝i ken 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)distance oneself from and look at> investigate from a distance; shrink back from and investigate
    緣  yuán MC: ywen OC: k-lon 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtrace to its details and principles, investigate
    紃察  xún chá MC: zwin tsrheat OC: sɢʷun skhreed 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoN(= xúnchá 循察) look closely into, pay close attention to and investigateLZ
    習  xí MC: zip OC: sɢlɯb 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNderivedbecome more familiar with through close attentionCH
    審悉  shěn xī OC: qhjɯmʔ sid MC: ɕim sit 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactconduct meticulous investigations
    訩  xiōng OC: qhoŋ MC: hi̯oŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNenquire into; scrutinize (SHI) a
    診  zhěn OC: kljɯnʔ MC: tɕin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNinvestigate carefully to find possible faults with CC: zì zhěn 自診
    • vtoNpsychseek self-knowledge
    察省  chá xǐng OC: skhreed seŋʔ MC: ʈʂhɣɛt siɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNinvestigate carefully
    審知  shěn zhī OC: qhjɯmʔ te MC: ɕim ʈiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativeinvestigate so as to understand/identify properly
    偵  zhēn OC: theŋ MC: ʈhiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNHOUHANSHU: investigate visually, observe
    悉  xī OC: sid MC: sit 0 Attributions

    Xiáng 詳, xī 悉, and dì 諦 focus on the detailed nature of an investigation without insisting on its exhaustiveness.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtry to understand in detail
    看省  kàn xǐng OC: khaans seŋʔ MC: khɑn siɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)investigate
    核  hé OC: ɡrɯɯɡ MC: ɦɣɛk 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 定/DECIDE Dìng 定 refers to the fixing something not only for oneself but primarily for others. See FIX
    • Synon: 考 / 考/INVESTIGATE Kǎo 考 and jī 稽 refer to an objective investigation into something on the basis of the best available evidence.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNget to the kernel> investigate
    矚  zhǔ OC: tjoɡ MC: tɕi̯ok 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake a close visual examination of; more generally to (be able to) see. It appears that the general sense is earlier than the specific.