COMPLETE  完成

ACT out OR PRODUCE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME WHOLE.
FINISH OFFROUND OFFTOP OFFCROWNCAPCOMPLEMENTFINISHENDCONCLUDEFINALIZEWIND UPWRAP UPSEW UPPOLISH OFF
Hypernym
  • PRODUCEACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST.
    • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
      • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
        • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
See also
  • ENDLATE LIMIT of a PERIOD OR REACH the LATE LIMIT of a PERIOD.
    Hyponym
    • ACHIEVE　COMPLETE a DIFFICULT ACT.
      • COPE　ACHIEVE a DIFFICULT WORK:task.
      • MERIT　GOOD PUBLIC ACHIEVEMENTS.
      • SUCCEED　ACHIEVE an IMPORTANT AIM with DIFFICULTY.
    Old Chinese Criteria
    1. The standard word for finishing a task one has undertaken is chéng 成.

    2. Jiù 就 refers to completing a process of production of something.

    3. Jù 具 refers to the completion of a certain course of action.

    4. Wán 完 emphasises the state of completeness not necessarily achieved through a deliberate strategy of action.

    Modern Chinese Criteria
    完成 is the most current modern word for completing or finishing something.

    弄齊全 focusses on the solid finish.

    成圓滿 (lit) refers to perfect completion.

    完工 focusses on the work finished.

    完竣

    完結

    完了

    完事

    告成

    落成

    交卷

    成功

    成就

    完工

    竣工

    完事大吉

    卒底於成

    瓜熟蒂落

    水到渠成

    一氣呵成

    大功告成

    功德圓滿

    一揮而就

    一蹴而就

    畢

    就

    好

    完

    竣

    得

    蕆 (obs) is to finish or complete.

    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

    • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 785

    • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.27

    • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

      COMPLETE

      perficere refers to the completion of an action.

      consummare refers emphatically to carrying something through to the end.

      COMPLETELY

      plane means "completely".

      omnino "altogether and generally".

      prorsus "exactly".

      penitus "thoroughly, deeply".

      utique "at any rate, in any case".

    • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 270

    • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 137

    • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 331

    • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.126.92

    Words

    成  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 86 Attributions

    The standard word for bringing anything to a successful conclusion is chéng 成.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 無 / 毋 / 亡 / 无/LACK The general term for the lack or the failure to have something is wú 無 (ant. yǒu 有 "have").
    • Ant: 壞/DESTROY Huài 壞 and huī 墮/隳 are "to be destroyed, to collapse" but the words are also used transitively "cause to be destroyed, cause to collapse".
    • Ant: 缺/DEFECT
    • Ant: 殺 / 煞/KILL The overwhelmingly dominant term referring to any form of taking the life of anything is shā 殺.
    • Contrast: 形/SHAPE The most current general word describing the physical shape of something is xíng 形.
    • Contrast: 完/COMPLETE Wán 完 emphasises the state of completeness not necessarily achieved through a deliberate strategy of action.
    • Contrast: 生/BIRTH Shēng 生 (ant. sǐ 死 "die") is a colourless general word for the fact of being delivered of offspring or for engendering offspring, and the word also has many derived and related meanings. [FACT], [+FIG], [GENERAL]; [[COMMON+]]
    • Contrast: 畢/COMPLETE
    • Synon: 遂/ACHIEVE Suì 遂refers to eventual successful completion of something one has planned. [EXPECTED]; [VERB]

      Syntactic words
    • nab.tactthe completion (of something N)
    • nabconceptcompletion
    • nabprocessprocess of formation until its completion > completion, maturation
    • vadNcompleted, achieved; completely present; completely established, ready-made; successful
    • viactbring things to completion
    • viprocesscome to completion, come to fruition
    • vpostadVV to completion, finish V-ingCH
    • vt(oN)complete the contextually determinate task NCH
    • vtoNbring to fruition; practise successfully; to bring to completion; to bring to a successful conclusion; to accomplish; give its full form to; to make complete and perfect
    • vtoNto cause N to become complete, to cause N to become wholeVK
    • vtoNcausativecause (a person N) to be completely successful, cause a person to realise himself completelyCH
    • vtoNpassivebe completely realisedCH
    • vtoNpsychcause (oneself) to be complete> make (oneself) accomplished
    • vtoNreflexive.自make (oneself) perfect and complete; achieve one's own purposes
    盡  jìn OC: dzinʔ MC: dzin 30 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 偏/PARTIAL The current general word for being partial rather than catholic in orientation of coverage is piān 偏 (ant. quán 全 "completely").

      Syntactic words
    • nabstativecompletion
    • v[adN]what is complete and exhaustiveCH
    • vadNwhole, complete
    • vadVcompletely, entirely
    • viactbe thorough and complete
    • vt[oN]realise things completely, be completely successful with thingsCH
    • vtoNcausativerealise completely, realise exhaustively; carry through successfully and completely
    • vtoNpassivebe realised completely
    • vtpostadVdegreeverbal complement indicating that an action/process is carried out/proceding until it is completed > fully VERB??
    畢  bì OC: pid MC: pit 27 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 成/COMPLETE The standard word for bringing anything to a successful conclusion is chéng 成.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVexhaustively, completely
    • vt(oN)complete the contextually determinate taskDS
    • vtoNcomplete; bring to full development
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe completed, be completely achieved; be completely understood; reach perfection
    具  jù OC: ɡos MC: gi̯o 17 Attributions

    Jù 具 refers to the completion of a certain course of action.

      Syntactic words
    • vadVcomprehensively
    • vibe completely present, without any element missing
    • vtoNcomplete (all the parts) together; combine completely together;
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe completed, get done completely
    全  quán OC: sɡon MC: dziɛn 16 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 缺/LACK Quē 缺 refers to the absence of what ought to be there.
    • Ant: 曲/PART military unit

      Syntactic words
    • nabautonymthe word "completeness"; "intactness"DS
    • vadNthe whole N
    • vadNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
    • vadVcompletely, entirely
    • vibe complete
    • vtoNcausativecause to be complete, cause to be intact and unimpaired; achieve a full measure of; achieve a full measure of success; extend as much as possible
    • vtoNcausative.passivebe perfectly realised, be carried out with complete success
    備  bèi OC: brɯɡs MC: bi 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabstativeall-round perfection
    • vadNcompletely well-preparedCH
    • vadVcompletely, being prepared for everythingCH
    • vibe provided with all necessary qualifications; be perfectly prepared for everythingLZ
    • vipassiveto be complete, to reach completion; to be realised completelyVK
    • visocialbe accomplishedLZ
    • vtoNabprovide completely forCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe completely providedCH
    完  wán OC: ɡoon MC: ɦʷɑn 7 Attributions

    Wán 完 emphasises the state of completeness not necessarily achieved through a deliberate strategy of action.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 成/COMPLETE The standard word for bringing anything to a successful conclusion is chéng 成.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNcompletely intact, in perfect shape
    • vadVcompletely> firmly
    • vibe completely in place
    • vtoNcausativecomplete, make complete, repair
    • vtoNfinishgo through with
    • vtoNpassivebe completed; be completely present, be in perfect shape; be intact
    滿  mǎn OC: mboonʔ MC: mʷɑn 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNcomplete (handful etc)CH
    • vibecome full > be completed
    • vifigurative, derivedbe fulfilledCH
    • vt0oN.adStemporalcomplete (a period of time) > after (a period of time) S
    • vtoNfigurativefill out completely (a number of years etc)
    • vtoNpassivebe completely fulfilled
    來  lái OC: m-rɯɯ MC: ləi 7 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vpostadVperfectiveverbal suffix specifying the direction of the action towards the speaker and the completion or successful performance of an action
    集  jí OC: sɡub MC: dzip 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNachieve completely
    • vtoNmiddle voiceSHIJING: be completed
    畢竟  bì jìng OC: pid kraŋs MC: pit kɣaŋ 6 Attributions
    • Studies in the Language of Zu-tang Ji 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004C) p. 622, fn. 1842

      bi4ji4ng 畢竟 originated in the Tang period. According to SONG YINSHENG 1996: 160-161 and 201-202 the word has two meanings: one is 'finally; in the last analysis; in the end; etc.'. And in the other meaning the adverb adds emphasis to a question corresponding to Modern Chinese jiu1ji4ng 究竟 'actually; after all'. According to SONG there are 6 examples of the first meaning in ZTJ and six in BIANWEN, 14 examples of the second meaning in ZTJ and none in BIANWEN (see also CAO GUANGSHEN 1984: 116). The word survived in both meanings into later periods (e.g. JINGDECHUANDENGLU; HONGLOUMENG). In the course of time several forms of writing for bi4ji4ng became common: bi4ji4ng 必竟, zhi3ji4ng 止竟, zhi4ji4ng 至竟, bi4 畢, ji4ng 竟, zhi3 止, zhi4 至, etc.(see also ZHANG XIANG 1953).

    • 敦煌變文中的壯雙音節副詞 Dūnhuáng biànwén zhōng de shuāngyīnjié fùcí [Disyllabic Adverbs in the Transformation texts] 語言學論叢 Yuyanxue luncong ( CAO GUANGSHUN 1984) p. 116

    • 《祖堂集》虛詞研究 Zǔtáng jí xūcí yánjiū A Study of Function Words in Zǔtáng jí ( SONG YINSHENG 1996) p. 160-161; 201-202

      Syntactic words
    • VPadNcompleted, final (> ultimate)
    • VPadVin the last analysis, finally, after all, ultimately
    卻  què OC: khaɡ MC: khi̯ɐk 6 Attributions
    • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 258-259

      Typical main verbs appearing with complement que4 are:

      fa4ng 放 'to release; let go', qi4 棄 'throw away', she3 捨 'remove'; shi1 失 'loose'; sha1o 燒 'burn'; li2 離 'to seperate; leave'; tuo1 脫 'to remove'; bo1 剝 'to peel'; ma2i 埋 'to bury'; chu2 除 'eliminate; get rid of'; hua4i 壞 'to destroy'; pa1o 拋 'to throw away; abandon'; chi1 喫 'to eat; drink'; tu3 吐 'to spit; vomit'; zhuo2 斫 'to chop off; cut'; hui4 諱 'to avoid'; wu1 污 'to stain; to defile'; ya3 啞 'to mute'; xia1 瞎 'to blind'; gua1n 關 'to shut; to lock'.

      Most of the verbs belong to the semantic field V{remove} and que4 indicates that this removal is performed to its full, often resulting in the permanent removal, seperation from, or even destruction of the object. Often que4 also adds the notion that the object involved is beyond repair, i.e. the damaging affect on the object is permanent and not reversible.

      546) ZTJ 5.111; WU: 437

      “某甲自住此山，"Since I have lived on this mountain

      未曾瞎卻一師僧眼。”I have never blinded the eyes of (i.e. deceived) a single monk."

      547) ZTJ 5.104; WU: 431

      “早是污卻也。”"It has already been defiled."

      548) ZTJ 5.058; WU: 403

      “除卻這個色，"After having removed this form,

      還更有色也無？”is there an additional form?"

      This is one of the rare examples where que4 follows a disyllabic verb (fa1-qia3n 發遣 'send away'):

      549) ZTJ 5.061; WU: 404

      行者隨童子到五祖處，The Postulant followed the child to the place of the Fifth Patriarch

      五祖發遣卻童子後，and after the Fifth Patriarch had sent away the child

      遂改盧行者名為慧能，he then changed the name of Postulant Lu2 to Hui4ne2ng,

      授與衣缽，and bestowed the monk's robe and bowl [on him],

      傳為六祖。giving him the transmission as Sixth Patriarch.

    • 《祖堂集》中的底（地），卻（了），著 Zǔtáng jí zhōng de dǐ (dì), què (liǎo), zhu (zhe) 中國語文 Zhongguo yuwen ( CAO GUANGSHUN 1986A) p. 195

      Cao counts ca. 200 occurrences of complement 卻 in ZTJ, appearing with more than 70 different main verbs.

    • 《祖堂集》中的助詞‘去’ Zǔtáng jí zhōng de zhùcí 'qù' [The Auxiliary Word 'qu' in ZTJ] 中國語文 Zhongguo yuwen ( LI CHONGXING 1990) p. 74

      Li remarks that also 去 can occasionally have the funtion of 卻 and that the phonetic value of the two words were very similar.

      Syntactic words
    • vpostadVperfectiveperfective verbal complement
    兼  jiān OC: kleem MC: kem 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVcompletely
    卒  zú OC: skud MC: tsʷit 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactcompletion
    • vtoNcomplete to the end
    已  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe finished; be completed; come to an endCH
    • vtoNfinish, complete (a task etc)
    濟  jì OC: tsiils MC: tsei 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)reach (the contextually determinate aim)
    • vtoNgo through with (the performance of one's duties etc); carry through to success
    萬  wàn OC: mblans MC: mi̯ɐn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVcompletely; in myriad ways
    究  jiū OC: kus MC: kɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcarry through to the end; carry out meticulously; get to the end of GY：究數而止
    • vtoNmiddle voiceget carried out meticulously to the end
    了  liǎo OC: reewʔ MC: leu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVBAOPUZI: completely
    • vtoNpassivebe completed, be 'wrapped up'; be settled completely
    就  jiù OC: dzuɡs MC: dzɨu 3 Attributions

    Jiù 就 refers to completing a process of production of something.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 成/ACHIEVE The current general word for successful action on one's own behalf or on someone else's behalf is chéng 成 (ant. bài 敗 "fail to achieve; botch up"). [GENERAL], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB]

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbring to the point of completion
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe completed
    登  dēng OC: tɯɯŋ MC: təŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcomplete (a certain age > reach the age of)
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe completed
    • vtoNresultativecomplete (a task etc), perféct,CH
    皆  jiē OC: kriid MC: kɣɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadValtogether, completely
    總  zǒng OC: skooŋʔ MC: tsuŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicaltotality
    • vadNall-embracing; generalCH
    • vadVsystematically and completely, generally
    考  kǎo OC: khuuʔ MC: khɑu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcomplete HYDCD 4. 完成；制成。
    完具  wán jù OC: ɡoon ɡos MC: ɦʷɑn gi̯o 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPimiddle voicebe completely in place; be completely maintained
    • VPpostadVcompletely, without omitting anything
    密  mì OC: mbriɡ MC: mit 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe complete and without rifts or openings; be watertight (WRONG SYNONYM GROUP?)
    彌  mí OC: mel MC: miɛ 2 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)cover the whole of, complete a contextually determinate distanceCH
    • vtoNfill in (hole so as to make complete and repair); make up (defect)
    足  zú OC: tsoɡs MC: tsi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVquite sufficiently> completely, abjectly
    • vtoNfill out with what is necessaryCH
    悉皆  xī jiē OC: sid kriid MC: sit kɣɛi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • PPadVcompletely
    成事  chéng shì OC: djeŋ dzrɯs MC: dʑiɛŋ ɖʐɨ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiactbring one's work to completion
    孑  jié OC: ked MC: kiɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • na single complete one
    果  guǒ OC: kloolʔ MC: kʷɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vichangecome to fruition 未果
    • vtoNbring to completion
    終  zhōng OC: tjuŋ MC: tɕuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe complete
    蕆  chǎn OC: thanʔ MC: ʈhiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbring to completion
    圓成  yuán chéng OC: ɢon djeŋ MC: ɦiɛn dʑiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe completed; be perfected
    平完  píng wán OC: breŋ ɡoon MC: bɣaŋ ɦʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangebe or become complete, be reconstituted in the original shape
    成滿  chéng mǎn OC: djeŋ mboonʔ MC: dʑiɛŋ mʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPimiddle voicebe completed
    成訖  chéng qì OC: djeŋ kɯd MC: dʑiɛŋ kɨt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmiddle voiceget completed
    滿足  mǎn zú OC: mboonʔ tsoɡs MC: mʷɑn tsi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPimiddle voicebe completed
    無餘  wú yú OC: ma la MC: mi̯o ji̯ɤ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNwithout residue DCD: 1.沒有剩餘、殘留。 2.指沒有餘留之物。 3.指沒有多餘資財。 4.佛教語。指無餘涅槃，謂生死的因果泯滅，不再受生於三界。
    • VPpostadVcompletely, leaving no residue
    究意  jiū yì OC: kus qɯɡs MC: kɨu ʔɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabthe ultimate, the final goal
    遂成  suì chéng OC: sɢluds djeŋ MC: zi dʑiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmanage to make complete, bring into complete existence
    齊  qí OC: dziil MC: dzei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi2be all complete; be completely present
    通  tōng OC: kh-looŋ MC: thuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNcomplete, comprehensiveCH
    • vadVpervasively, completely; collectively; in general
    罄  qìng MC: khengH OC: kheeŋsCH 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadVcompletely, exhaustivelyCH
    挾  xié MC: hep OC: ɡeebLZ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadV= jia1 浹: completely, generallyLZ
    了然  liǎo rán MC: lewX nyen OC: reewʔ njenDS 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVnegatedcompletely; absolutely (without)DS
    浹  jiā OC: skeeb MC: tsep 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viall-encompassing, comprehensive

    Existing SW for

    Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: