Taxonomy of meanings for 策:
- 策 cè (OC: skhreeɡ MC: tʂʰɯæk) 楚革切 入 廣韻：【謀也籌也釋名曰䇿書敎令於上所以驅䇿諸下也又馬箠也楚革切十四
】
- WHIP
- nwhipping cane
- vtoNdrive along with a whipCH
- nab{PRED}derivedfigurative: be the invigorating "whip" of a phrase enlivening a textCH
- typical use>FLAY
- v{PASS}adNflayed, whipped
- vito use a whip
- vtoN策其馬
- generalised>STICK
- vtoNuse N as walking stick; support oneself using NDS
- small, on
tree>BRANCH
- typical use>SUPPORT
- psychological>ENCOURAGE
- specific>DRIVE
- COMMAND
- DECREE
- nabtextHan bureaucracy: an edict enfeoffing a king or feudal lord WENXINDIAOLONG 19
- nadVusing a written decree/document
- DOCUMENT
- nbundle of bamboo strips for writing on; document; recordsbamboo or wooden strips woven together as a mat (the character 冊 depicts this). Ordinarily hemp was used for string, but silk could be used for especially valuable writings; perhaps leather ( 韋 ) was used in a similar way. On each strip were cut triangular indentations to keep the string in place. It was common to have two or three strings ( 編, 道 ). The last strip served as a center around which the 冊 was wrapped. On the back of the first strip the title of the 冊 could be written. Each strip could have a serial number. 冊 and 策 appear to be used interchangably, except that wheras 策 is a general word for strips of any length women in the above way, 策 (cf. its original meaning of "whip") is preferably made of rather long strips. 冊 is not used for counting written material. [JP]STATIONARY
- nadVfigurativeusing a formal document, certified by a document > legally > formally, officially
- nexaminationexamination document
- specific>EXAMINATION
- action of producing>RECORD
- large>BOOK VOLUME
- nvolume; small volume
- complete>BOOK
- proto-typically written>PLAN
- nabpsychplan, strategy
- DECREE
- COMMAND
- specific>DRIVE
- STARS
- WHIP
Additional information about 策
說文解字: 【策】，馬箠也。从竹、朿聲。 【楚革切】
- Criteria
- DECREE
1. The current general word for an edict or decree is zhào 詔.
2. Mìng 命 (later often replaced by lìng 令 ) refers to any published royal or imperial order, or order of the day. See COMMAND and FATE
3. Zhì 制 is a Qin technical term for a published imperial decision.
4. Cè 策 is a Han edict appointing a king or feudal lord and investing him with a piece of territory.
5. Chì 敕 is a Han edict concerning local affairs to be distibuted in the provinces.
6. Jiè 戒 refers to a formal announcement from the Son of Heaven, typically in the form of a general warning.
7. Diǎn 典 is an archaic word referring to edicts by the Son of Heaven.
- DOCUMENT
1. The dominant general word for everything written is shū 書. (However, note that the word also refers specifically to a letter.)
2. Zhì 志 typically refers to a systematic coherent record.
3. Jì 記 refers to an ordered record designed to serve as an aide-memoire.
4. Jí 籍 refers to a formal and official record, typically a population register or a written official statute.
5. Zhuàn 傳 refers to an explanatory record, typically a record based on or commenting upon other written sources.
6. Lǎn 覽 refers to a comprehensive survey on a subject.
7. Xí 檄 refers to a written military command.
8. Sān chǐ 三尺 refers to the text of a law formally inscribed on large three-foot tablets.
9. Cè 冊／策 refers to a document, typically in the form of a bundle of bamboo strips.
NB: Xìn 信 "letter" is post-Han.
- DIVINATION
1. The current general word for any form of divination is zhān 占.
2. Bǔ 卜 refers to the whole process of divination by oracle bone from turtle or bovine, including the heating of the bones, causing the cracks to appear, and sometimes even the incision of inscriptions on the cracked bone.
3. Shì 筮 refers to divination by milfoil.
4. Zhuān 篿 refers to the practice of divination by bamboo slips.
5. Guī 龜 refers to divination by turtle shell.
6. Cè 策 is the general term for divinations stalks of any kind.
7. Shī 蓍 refers specifically to milfoil stalks as used in divination.
- FLAY
1. Cè 策 refers to flaying an animal or a person with a bamboo whip, typically to urge the creature flayed on.
2. Biān 鞭 refers to flaying someone with a leather strap whip.
3. Pū 扑 "beat" is sometimes said to involve the whip, but I have not seen any clear evidence for this.
NB: For chī 笞 "strike with a bamboo cane or stick" and the like see STRIKE.
- WHIP
1. The current general word for a whip is biān 鞭, but the word also refers specifically to a leather whip. There is some controversy on whether the biān 鞭 was or was not used to drive horses in early times.
2. Cè 策 refers specifically to a bamboo whip which remained current in Han times. The cè 策 has always been used to drive horses, but seems to have gone out of use in late Han times.
3. Chuí 箠 refers to a bamboo whip typically used driving buffalo or sheep along, but the chuí 箠 was also used with horses.
NB: Zhàng 杖 refers to a cane for beating prisoners.
- BOOK VOLUME
1. Piān 篇 refers to any series of writing tablets strung together in the right order that represent some complete piece of writing.
2. Biān 編 refers to any writing tablets strung together in the right order, and the word is often used as a very for arranging tablets in the right order.
3. Cè 策／冊 refers to a bundle of writing tablets of any kind.
4. Juàn 卷 refers originally to a roll of silk, especially inscribed silk, and by Han times the word came to refer to any roll of written material, including a roll of writing tablets strung together.