Taxonomy of meanings for 圖:　　

  • 圖 tú (OC: daa MC: duo) 同都切 平 廣韻：【爾雅曰謀也説文曰畫計難也 】
    • MAP
      • ngeographical map; map, official map showing territories as belonging to their rightful governing authorities
      • generalised>PICTURE
        • ndiagram; picture, depiction
        • nabmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:　from Sanguo times to the the Song: mobile mathematical model, typically on grid paper; from Song onwards: mathematical diagram Visual illustration in terms of diagrams on paper, forming part of the mathematical discourse began only in Song times. Before this, the term tú 圖 occurred in commentaries only, and moreover it appears that the reference was not to fixed illustrations as a whole, but to mobile grid-paper objects that could be moved about and placed on top of each other or next to each other. The earliest Song printed diagrams often represent these mobile grid-paper constellations, but from this time onwards, the name tú 圖 was no longer applied to the mobile objects, but to fixed illustrations included in and referred to by the mathematical discourse. The first diagram in which points/intersections of lines receive names is dated 1248 ( 李治／李冶，測圓海鏡 ) Illustrations representing the counting surface survive from 1247 onwards, and these are in two styles: in the north, they were embedded into the text as outgrown characters, while in the south they were inserted as separate non-textual tú 圖 on the page.If one disregards the word tú 圖 and considers the use of diagrams as such, it is notable that the opening passage in ZHOUBI apparently refers to mobile shapes used to expound mathematical problems. On the other hand, in JZ itself there is no explicit or implicit reference to any diagrams or models of any kind.
        • abstract>SYMBOL
          • ndiagram
        • produce: object picture>PAINT
          • vtoNmake a diagram/picture of
          • object depicted object>DEPICT
            • vtoNdepict, draw, represent through a picture
            • through imitative action>IMITATE
              • in the mind>THINK
                • vtoNpicture for oneself, imagine (an object or a state of affairs); think carefully about; take into consideration
                • vtoNpassivebe imagined, be reckoned
                • determining future>PREDICT
                  • tentatively>GUESS
                    • unrealistically>IMAGINATION
                      • vtoSpicture to oneself that S> imagine that S
                    • appetitively>DESIRE
                      • vtoNwant, desire
                      • vtoNdesire to become an NCH
                      • abstract>INTEND
                        • vt+V[0]plan to
                      • volitional>INTEND
                        • vt+V[0]plan to
                        • be about to go to>TRAVEL
                          • vtoNinchoativehead for, head in the direction of
                        • complex, distant future>PLAN
                          • nabactplan; planning activity
                          • vt[oN]make plans
                          • vt+V[0]have plans to V, plan to V
                          • vtoNpositiveconsider carefully one's plans concerning (some action); reconsider one's plans concerning; consider concrete future action in detail, make concrete plans and arrangements as well as decisions about; make a considered decision;
                          • vtoNmake plans against, plot against (e.g. the state)
                          • vtoNpassivebe plotted against; have plans made against one
                          • vtoNreflexive.身make plans for (oneself)
                          • vtoNreflexive.自make plans for (oneself), plan in (one's own) interest
                          • vtoNimperativemake plans for N!
                          • vtoNpassivebe planned forCH
                          • nabresultplansCH

          Additional information about 圖

          說文解字: 【圖】，畫計難也。从囗、从啚。啚，難意也。 【徐鍇曰：規畫之也，故从囗。】 【同都切】

            Criteria
          • THINK

            1. The most current general word for thought or reflection of any kind is perhaps sī 思 (ant. hū 忽 "fail to pay detailed attention to"), but this word tends to refer specifically to reflection.

            2. Huái 懷 (ant. wàng 忘 "forget all about") refers to emotionally loaded thinking about a absent person or an important subject.

            3. Móu 謀 refers to any act of planning by a private or public personality.

            4. Tú 圖 refer to deliberative strategic thinking about the future by a person in authority to decide on a future course of action.

            5. Xiǎng 想 is occasionally used to refer to fond thinking about absent persons, and in later times the word comes to refer to unrealistic imaginings in thought, and wàng xiǎng 妄想 "wild imaginings" is a symptomatic current phrase..

            6. Niàn 念 refers to intense intellectual effort and strenuous attention, and zhèng niàn 正念 refers to correct intellectual efforts in Buddhist Chinese.

            7. Zhēn zhuó 斟酌 refers to careful deliberation on the truth of a proposition or the moral quality of something.

            8. Jì 計 refers to subjecting something to rational often quantified consideration and judgment.

            9. Gù 顧 is inchoative and refers to the turning of one's attention to something one has not focussed on before.

            10. Lu �慮 refers to thoughtful long-term strategic (often personal) planning.

          • INTEND

            1. The dominant general word in this group is yù 欲 (ant. fú 弗 "refuse to") which refers to any intention of any kind, and the subjects are normally animate.

            2. Qiě 且 "be about to" refers to the immediate future and does not stress intention, although the subject is normally human.

            3. Jiāng 將 refers to any impending event with animate or inanimate subjects.

            4. Yì 意 stresses the subjective aspect of planning and desiring to do something, involved in an intention to do something.

            5. Tú 圖 "make plans for" is a rather elevated word to use for intentions to engage in major undertakings.

            6. Xīn 心 refers to basic intentions or basic strategy.

          • CHARIOT

            1. The current word for a military chariot is shèng 乘 usually drawn by four horses.

            2. Róng 戎 is a old general word for chariots which was already rare by Warring States times.

            3. Cháo chē 轈車 refers to a high observation chariot.

            4. Qīng chē 輕車 refers to a highly mobile light and quick chariot.

            5. Zī zhòng 輜重 refers to military vehicles used to transport weapons and supplies.

            6. Fén yūn/wēn 轒榡 refers to a four-wheel covered roofed chariot with the baldachin made of ox hide.

            For illustrations of these see　中國古代兵器圖冊 (Huang Jingui)

          • SYMBOL

            1. The standard word for a symbolic representation of something is xiàng 象. This is a philosophical concept of considerable metaphysical depth.

            2. Zhēng 徵 refers to visible symptoms of something, and these symptoms are indicative rather than symbolic of what they indicate.

            3. Tú 圖 is used to refer to diagrams representing something abstract. This is a purely graphic almost scientific concept.

            4. Biǎo 表 refers to a marker indicating where something is, or what something is.

          • PLAN

            1. The current general word for a planning process involving consultation among several people, and taking into account all aspects of a long term strategy for an individual or a state is móu 謀.

            2. Lu �慮 refers to a careful personal planning effort based on serious reflection.

            3. Tú 圖 suggests that the person who plans has the formal authority to take a decision.

            4. Jì 計 refers to planning involving calculations of relative advantages and disadvantages, and the planning typically or primarily concerns the actions of an individual.

            5. Guī 規 suggests that the planning is in order to ensure an orderly progress of things.

            6. Huà 畫 refers to an elaborated strategy that is fairly well-defined.

            7. Xīn 心 refers to a secret motivation or ultimate design, an aim in planning. See INTENTION

          • PICTURE

            1. The current general word for a pictorial representation of any kind is huà 畫.

            2. Tú 圖 refers prototypically to a diagram of something, as in a map, but the word can also refer to any - especially schematic - pictorial representation.

            3. Xiàng 象 refers to a symbolic diagrammatic image of something, and this image is sometimes invested with quasi-metaphysical significance. See IMAGE.

            Word relations
          • Epithet: (PLAN)熟/DILIGENT
          • Contrast: (PICTURE)畫/PICTURE The current general word for a pictorial representation of any kind is huà 畫.
          • Assoc: (PLAN)察/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".
          • Assoc: (PICTURE)畫/PICTURE The current general word for a pictorial representation of any kind is huà 畫.
          • Synon: (PLAN)慮/PLAN Lǜ 慮 refers to a careful personal planning effort based on serious reflection.
          • Synon: (PAINT)畫/PAINT
          • Synon: (DEPICT)畫/DEPICT