IMITATE    模仿效

CONFORM to TYPICAL ACTIONS of a HUMAN OR ANIMAL so as to RESEMBLE THAT HUMAN OR ANIMAL.
EMULATECOPYMODEL ONESELF ONFOLLOWECHOPARROTINFORMAL RIP OFFKNOCK OFFPIRATEMIMICDO AN IMPRESSION OFIMPERSONATEAPEPARODYCARICATUREBURLESQUETRAVESTYINFORMAL TAKE OFFSEND UPMAKE LIKEMOCK
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for imitation is xiào 效. 2. Xué 學 refers to a systematic attempt to imitate an admired model, often as a method of self-cultivation. 3. Fǎ 法 refers to modelling oneself on distant ideals, typical abstract, or historically placed in the distant mythical past. 4. Zé 則 refers to taking something abstract and authoritative as one's fixed obligatory guideline. 5. Xiàng 象 refers to an abstract, almost metaphysical making oneself into a living icon of a higher authoritative model, typically of an abstract or cosmological kind. 6. Nǐ 擬 and fǎng 倣 / 仿 refer to an attempt to produce a true copy or a true representation of another representation. 7. Xiě 寫 refers primarily to the production of a true pictorial representation of another representation. See COPY
Modern Chinese Criteria
模仿 效仿 仿效 模擬 仿照 取法 師法 效法 憲章 祖述 步武 踵武 學舌 因襲 依傍 效尤 效顰 仿 法 摹 學 學習 套 效 擬 東施效顰 邯鄲學步 鸚鵡學舌 調嘴學舌 照貓畫虎 照葫蘆畫瓢 依樣畫葫蘆 優孟衣冠 心摹手追 步人後塵 如法炮製 人云亦云 亦步亦趨 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • COPY　IMITATE something so as to PRODUCE something BASICALLY RESEMBLING. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • STUDY　INVESTIGATE THINGS OR IMITATE ANOTHER so as to STRIVE FOR SKILLFULNESS, KNOWING AND UNDERSTANDING. (anc: 14/0, child: 4)
  • EMULATE　IMITATE so as to make an EFFORT to BECOME EQUALLY EXCELLENT. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • CONFORM　ACT so as to NOT to OFFEND against RULES OR a MODEL. (anc: 12/0, child: 6)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 786

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    IMITATE

    imitari refers to the effort to produce something that is like something else or to act like someone else, and the term is general positive in connotation. This imitation may or may not turn out successful.

    aemulari refers to imitation as an effort to gain equal or superior consideration, honour, or approbation, when compared with what is being imitated; and the term is often pejorative.

    simulari refers to an effort to pass for something which one actually and naturally is not nor ever can be.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 114

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    IMITATIO

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1833

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 6.319

    NACHAHMUNG

  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 4.84

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.14:13

    IMITER.COPIER.CONTREFAIRE

    • Words (23 items)

    法  fǎ OC: pab MC: pi̯ɐp 50 Attributions

    Fǎ 法 refers to modelling oneself on distant ideals, typical abstract, or historically placed in the distant mythical past.

      Word relations
    • Object: 古/ANCIENT
    • Assoc: 象/IMITATE Xiàng 象 refers to an abstract, almost metaphysical making oneself into a living icon of a higher authoritative model, typically of an abstract or cosmological kind.
    • Synon: 追/IMITATE
    • Synon: 循/FOLLOW Xún 循 is to follow certain guidelines or a certain prescribed path, as a matter of prudential strategy, and typically in a rather mechanical or habitual manner.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Ntake one's model from
    • vtoNmodel oneself after; emulate, take as a model, follow as a method
    • vtoNfollow the pattern of; model oneself on, take as a modelCH
    • vtoNpassivebe taken as a model
    效  xiào OC: ɡreews MC: ɦɣɛu 22 Attributions

    The current general word for imitation is xiào 效.

      Syntactic words
    • nobjectsomething to imitate; object for emulation; model
    • vadVby way of imitation or emulation; acting according to
    • vt(oN)imitate the contextually determinate things
    • vtoNHF 8.1.15: emulate (the sage); imitate; live up to; act according to
    • vtoN.adVby imitating (something) to V
    • vtoNabimitate the Nab-ingCH
    象  xiàng OC: sɢlaŋʔ MC: zi̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

    Xiàng 象 refers to an abstract, almost metaphysical making oneself into a living icon of a higher authoritative model, typically of an abstract or cosmological kind.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 法/IMITATE Fǎ 法 refers to modelling oneself on distant ideals, typical abstract, or historically placed in the distant mythical past.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNHF 8.7.9: live after the image of (Heaven and Earth), emulate; to imitate something, to take something as model
    學  xué OC: ɡruuɡ MC: ɦɣɔk 5 Attributions

    Xué 學 refers to a systematic attempt to imitate an admired model, often as a method of self-cultivation.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+NimitateCH
    • vtoNimitate (something); emulate; study trying to become like> study to become
    則  zé OC: skɯɯɡ MC: tsək 3 Attributions

    Zé 則 refers to taking something abstract and authoritative as one's fixed obligatory guideline.

      Word relations
    • Synon: 順/CONFORM Perhaps the most general and the most current word describing conformity to a norm is shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "go against").

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)follow as a guidelineLZ
    • vtoNfollow as a guideline
    寫  xiě OC: sqaʔ MC: sɣɛ 3 Attributions

    Xiě 寫 refers primarily to the production of a true pictorial representation of another representation. See COPY

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNimitate
    從  cóng OC: dzoŋ MC: dzi̯oŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfollow the same path as
    法象  fǎ xiàng OC: pab sɢlaŋʔ MC: pi̯ɐp zi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmodel oneself on
    匹  pǐ OC: phid MC: phit 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemulate, pretend to be like; pretend to be
    同  tóng OC: looŋ MC: duŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2causativecause (oneself) to be the same as N2> emulate N2
    擬  nǐ OC: ŋɡɯʔ MC: ŋɨ 2 Attributions

    Nǐ 擬 and fǎng 倣/仿 refer to an attempt to produce a true copy or a true representation of another representation.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nimitate N
    • vtoNimitate without authorisation
    為  wěi MC: -- OC: -- 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNact like Npr
    • vtoNimitate someoneLZ
    習  xí OC: sɢlɯb MC: zip 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNN=humdedicate oneself to the emulation of; imitate the ways of; emulate the practice of; continue the tradition of
    附  fù OC: bos MC: bi̯o 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Ndo as N did or does
    取象  qǔ xiàng MC: tshjuX zjangX OC: skhoʔ sɢlaŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt prep Ntake N for an example, model oneself on NLZ
    憲  xiàn OC: qhans MC: hi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake as one's model or pattern
    方  fáng MC: bjang OC: baŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNimitateCH
    擬作  nǐ zuò OC: ŋɡɯʔ tsaaɡ MC: ŋɨ tsɑk 0 Attributions
    • () p. 3778b

      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNimitate, make an imitation of
    追  zhuī OC: krlul MC: ʈi 0 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Synon: 法/IMITATE Fǎ 法 refers to modelling oneself on distant ideals, typical abstract, or historically placed in the distant mythical past.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNemulate; aspire to equal, try to live up to,
    仿  fǎng OC: phaŋʔ MC: phi̯ɐŋ
    仿放  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

      Word relations

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNimitate
    倣  fǎng OC: paŋʔ MC: pi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions

    Nǐ 擬 and fǎng 倣/仿 refer to an attempt to produce a true copy or a true representation of another representation.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNHN: imitate (later written 仿)
    并  bìng OC: peŋs MC: piɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNimitate, pretend to the status of????
    式  shì OC: lʰɯɡ MC: ɕɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmodel