Hypernym

• ARTEFACTTHING PRODUCED by MAN.
  • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT.
    • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to.
      • PRIME...

See also

• GESTUREDISPLACE PART of one's BODY so as to COMMUNICATE MEANING.
• WORDSOUND IMAGE of a CONCEPT. (Leibniz, Couturat p. 432)

Hyponym

• WRITTEN CHARACTER　WRITTEN IMAGE:symbol TYPICALLY USED to RECORD SPEAK:speech.
• INSIGNIA　OFFICIAL IMAGE:symbol SHOWING one's RANK OR JOB.
• SEAL　SYMBOL USED TO PROVE OFFICIAL AUTHORITY of a DOCUMENT by PRODUCING a MARK on that DOCUMENT.
• SIGNAL　SYMBOL PUT in a PLACE FOR EXPRESSING a COMMAND OR ADVICE.
• OMEN　IMAGE SHOWING OR PROVING that a FUTURE EVENT will HAPPEN.
• SCULPTURE　IMAGE PRODUCED USING STONE, TIMBER, OR METAL.
• HEXAGRAM　IMAGE CONTAINING SIX HORIZONTAL STROKES USED in DIVINATION.
• VARIABLE　IMAGE:symbol NOT REFERRING to ONE OBJECT BUT SHOWING RELATIONS of SAME REFERENCE.
• TRACE　IMAGE:sign IN a PLACE of something that in the PAST has BE-IN:been in THIS PLACE.
  • SCAR　TRACE of CURED INJURY.
  • FOOTPRINT　TRACE PRODUCED by a FOOT ON a SURFACE.
  • RUT　TRACE MADE by the WHEELS of VEHICLES IN ROADS.
• ALPHABET　SYMBOL USED IN WRITING TO REFER-TO SINGLE SOUNDS
• AMULET　MAGIC SYMBOL CARRIED BY HUMANS IN ORDER TO DEFEND ONESELF AGAINST EVIL.
• PRIZE　SYMBOL of WINNING in COMPETITION
• ALPHABETIC LETTER　WRITTEN SYMBOL FOR A SOUND

Old Chinese Criteria

Modern Chinese Criteria

Old Chinese Contrasts

• Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1199

• De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 647

  SIGNUM est quod praeter se aliud qvid repraesentat.

  Conc. tria. 1. Significans. 2. Signatum. 3. Significatio sive nexus significantis cum significato, ostendens, id quod est, non sui causa hic esse, sed ut alterum praesentet.

  6 Axioms

  Signum est vel Naturale, omnibus idem, ut ejulatus ("wailing"), risusqve vel ex institutione ad rationem divinam vel humanam (ut Sacramenta) vel deniqve fortuitum (i.e. a purely conventional sign).

• Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

  SIMULACRUM

• Signs, Language, and Behaviour ( MORRIS 1946) p.

• Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.1141

• Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.779

• Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 10.710

• Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 32

• "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

  SYMBOLE

• Animal Thought ( WALKER 1983) p.

• Key Concepts in Chinese Philosophy ( ZHANG DAINIAN 2002) p. 210

• Histoire des moeurs ( POIRIER 1991) p. 2.1085-1185

• Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

• Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 5.805

• 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 82