SERVE 服侍事
OBEY ENDURINGLY AND HELP someone, OFTEN:typically RECEIVING a SALARY.
WORK FORBE IN THE SERVICE OFBE EMPLOYED BYOBEY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").
2. Chén 臣 emphasises the subservience of the servant and his lasting employment in a subservient position.
3. Shì 侍 and the rare and more elevated yù 御 refers specifically to physical attentance to the daily needs of a master, and it involves physical presence near him. See ACCOMPANY
4. Shǐ 使 refers specifically to serving in a formal mission on behalf of a master.
5. Fú 服 refers to the devoted service to a master.
6. Cóng 從 refers to someone having decided to belong to the entourage or following of a master.
7. Huàn 宦 refers to filling a typically menial position in a household.
2. Chén 臣 emphasises the subservience of the servant and his lasting employment in a subservient position.
3. Shì 侍 and the rare and more elevated yù 御 refers specifically to physical attentance to the daily needs of a master, and it involves physical presence near him. See ACCOMPANY
4. Shǐ 使 refers specifically to serving in a formal mission on behalf of a master.
5. Fú 服 refers to the devoted service to a master.
6. Cóng 從 refers to someone having decided to belong to the entourage or following of a master.
7. Huàn 宦 refers to filling a typically menial position in a household.
Modern Chinese Criteria
服侍
陪侍
伺候
侍候
侍奉
投效 refers to someone formally offering his/her services to someone else.
事
承歡
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
陪侍
伺候
侍候
侍奉
投效 refers to someone formally offering his/her services to someone else.
事
承歡
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques
(
DUFOUR 1910)
p.
169 - Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum
(
LANGIUS 1631)
p.
MINISTERIUM
SERVITUS
Attributions by syntactic funtion
Attributions by text
- 韓非子 : 57
- 春秋左傳 : 28
- 荀子 : 23
- 孝經 : 22
- 論語 : 22
- 孟子 : 15
- 說苑 : 11
- 史記 : 9
- 淮南子 : 8
- 管子 : 6
- 祖堂集 : 5
- 禮記 : 4
- 呂氏春秋 : 4
- 論衡 : 4
- 阮籍集四卷 : 3
- 墨子 : 2
- 尹文子 : 2
- 莊子 : 2
- 賢愚經 : 2
- 戰國策 : 2
- 晏子春秋 : 2
- 韓詩外傳 : 1
- 鶡冠子 : 1
- 太平經 : 1
- 列子 : 1
- 鹽鐵論 : 1
- 百喻經 : 1
- 老子 : 1
- 文子 : 1
Words
事 shì OC: dzrɯs MC: ɖʐɨ 135 AttributionsWD
The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").
- Word relations
- Conv: 蓄 / 畜/REAR
Xù 畜 refers primarily to the breeding of livestock, but is also used for humans under one's control and below one's status. - Object: 上/SUPERIOR
- Object: 主/RULER
The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant"). - Object: 君/RULER
Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler. - Object: 上/RULER
Shàng 上 can refer to any governing authority or ruler, but by Han times the word became a standard polite way of referring to the Han emperor. - Object: 父/FATHER
The completely dominant word is fù 父 - Object: 父母/PARENT
Fù mǔ 父母 refers to parents. - Object: 師/TEACHER
The current general word for a (revered) teacher of one's choice is shī 師. - Object: 天/HEAVEN
- Epithet: 臣/MINISTER
The general word for a government minister at any level and of any kind is chén 臣, generically rén chén 人臣. - Contrast: 為/SERVE
- Oppos: 蓄 / 畜/REAR
Xù 畜 refers primarily to the breeding of livestock, but is also used for humans under one's control and below one's status. - Oppos: 交/INTERACT
The general objective word referring to mutual social interaction is jiāo 交.
- Syntactic words
- nabactpublic service; public tasks
- nabactservice
- vt(oN)serve the contextually determinate person
- vt[oN]enter service; serve one's ruler; servein public office
- vtoNserve N (as minister or aide, as one state another etc.), serve under; be in the service of; enter the services of; serve and cultivate through gifts
- vtoNserve obediently as a guide or teacherCH
- vtoNactserve (the spirits etc)
- vtoNcausativeto employ (somebody) for public service
- vtoNimperativeserve N!CH
- vtoNpassivebe served
- vttoN1+.vtoN2to serve (somebody N1) (through something N2)
臣 chén OC: ɡjiŋ MC: dʑin 14 AttributionsWD
Chén 臣 emphasises the subservience of the servant and his lasting employment in a subservient position.
- 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
001.1 - 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
001.1 - 古辭辨 Gu ci bian
(
WANG FENGYANG 1993)
p.
001.1
- Syntactic words
- nabactloyal service, proper obedience of a subservient subjectLZ
- viactbehave as a subservient subject, show proper obedience
- vt(oN)serve as a subject to the contextually determinate N
- vt+prep+Nact as subservient to
- vtoNdeclare one's subservience to; behave as a vassal to; be a subject of; serve as minister or servant
從 cóng OC: dzoŋ MC: dzi̯oŋ 12 AttributionsWD
Cóng 從 refers to someone having decided to belong to the entourage or following of a master.
- Syntactic words
- vadNattendant, serving 從臣
- vt(oN)become a follower of the contextually determinate NCH
- vt(oN)ombe in attendance with (a senior person)
- vt+prep+Nbe in the retinue of (a superior)
- vtoNbecome a follower of; be a follower of; be in attendence; LY 14.20: place oneself after (the grandees) in rank
- vtoNcausativemake a follower; cause to join one's entourage
使 shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 11 AttributionsWD
Shǐ 使 refers specifically to serving in a formal mission on behalf of a master.
- Syntactic words
- nabactservice on a mission
- nadVas an envoy, as a messenger
- vi V[0]serve/go on a mission to VCH
- viactserve on an official mission
- vtoNgo on a mission to (a state), act as an envoy or ambassador to
- vtoNobject=humanbe in the service of; go errands for
宦 huàn OC: ɢʷraans MC: ɦɣan 10 AttributionsWD
Huàn 宦 refers to filling a typically menial position in a household.
- Syntactic words
- viactserve as a slave; but also: serve as an ordinary official; serve as a menial official; gain public office
- vt prep Nserve inCH
屬 shǔ OC: djoɡ MC: dʑi̯ok 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vadNN=humfollowers; entourage; adherents
- vt+prep+Nbe properly subservient to, serve properly
- vtoNserve, submit to; be subservient to; pander to
- vttoN1.+prep+N2causativedevote N1 under N2; cause N1 to be devoted and beholden to to N2,CH
服 fú OC: bɯɡ MC: buk 7 AttributionsWD
Fú 服 refers to the devoted service to a master.
- Word relations
- Ant: 貳 / 二/DISLOYAL
The standard word for disloyalty is èr 貳／二.
- Syntactic words
- nabfeaturesubmission to the authorities; servitude, enforced obedience
- vt( prep N)recognise the authority of the contextually determinate NCH
- vt(oN)submit to the contextually determinate NVK
- vt+prep+Nrecognise the authority of; be obedient to; serve, work for; be subservient to;
- vtoNbe deferential towards; submit toCH
役 yì OC: ɢʷleɡ MC: jiɛk 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nserve N
- vtoNserve as a dependent or slave
服事 fú shì OC: bɯɡ dzrɯs MC: buk ɖʐɨ 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativesubmit to so as to serve> serve
為 wèi OC: ɢʷals MC: ɦiɛ 5 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 事/SERVE
The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)be in favour of a contextually determinate person
- vtoNwork for; be in favour of
仕宦 shì huàn OC: dzrɯʔ ɢʷraans MC: ɖʐɨ ɦɣan 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPab.adNthe N of serving as an official
- NPab{N1=N2}actentering service as an official; official career of any kind; official career whatever it is
- VPiserve as an official
待 dài OC: ɡ-lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNserve so as to satisfy the requirements of
御 yù OC: ŋas MC: ŋi̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactbe in attendance, render service; manage to render service
- vt+prep+Nbe in polite attendance with
- vtoNpolite: wait upon
殉 xùn OC: sɢʷlins MC: zʷin 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNsacrifice one's interests to (someone else)
侍奉 shì fèng OC: ɡljɯs boŋʔ MC: dʑɨ bi̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNwait upon, attend to, serve, take care of
- VPtt+N1(.+N2)omserve N2 to a contextually determinate person N2
看侍 kàn shì OC: khaans ɡljɯs MC: khɑn dʑɨ 2 AttributionsWD
- 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods
(
JIANG/CAO 1997)
p.
204
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)omlook after and serve > care for, take care of, provide for, watch out for, wait upon (with contextually determinate object) (BIANWEN)
立功 lì gōng MC: lip kuwng OC: ɡ-rub kooŋCW 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nab(establish a) successful serviceCW
輔翼 fǔ yì MC: bjuX yik OC: baʔ p-lɯɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNserve as a aide toCH
侍 shì OC: ɡljɯs MC: dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD
Shì 侍 and the rare and more elevated yù 御 refers specifically to physical attentance to the daily needs of a master, and it involves physical presence near him. See ACCOMPANY
- Syntactic words
- v[adN]as a servantCH
勤 qín OC: ɡlɯn MC: gɨn 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNserve diligently
奉給 fèng jǐ OC: boŋʔ krub MC: bi̯oŋ kip 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNserve and supply with necessities
奉事 fèng shì MC: bjowngX dzriH OC: boŋʔ dzrɯsCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNserve humblyCH
祗奉 zhī fèng MC: tsyij bjowngX OC: tjil boŋʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNserve respectfullyCH
立待 lì dài MC: lip dojX OC: ɡ-rub ɡ-lɯɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VP(oN)wait upon a contextually determinate person, ritually, as a servant, standing up CH
補 bǔ OC: paaʔ MC: puo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNserve as a replacement for (an officer)
承事 chéng shì OC: ɡjɯŋ dzrɯs MC: dʑɨŋ ɖʐɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNserve loyally
Existing SW for
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