SERVE  服侍事

OBEY ENDURINGLY AND HELP someone, OFTEN:typically RECEIVING a SALARY.
WORK FORBE IN THE SERVICE OFBE EMPLOYED BYOBEY
Antonym
  • CONTROLINTERACT so as to CAUSE TO BE OR ACT RESEMBLE:as one DESIRES.
    • EMPLOYCOMMAND to ACT:do PAID WORK FOR ONESELF.
      Hypernym
      • OBEYCONFORM to COMMANDS.
        • CONFORMACT so as to NOT to OFFEND against RULES OR a MODEL.
          • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
            • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION....
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").

      2. Chén 臣 emphasises the subservience of the servant and his lasting employment in a subservient position.

      3. Shì 侍 and the rare and more elevated yù 御 refers specifically to physical attentance to the daily needs of a master, and it involves physical presence near him. See ACCOMPANY

      4. Shǐ 使 refers specifically to serving in a formal mission on behalf of a master.

      5. Fú 服 refers to the devoted service to a master.

      6. Cóng 從 refers to someone having decided to belong to the entourage or following of a master.

      7. Huàn 宦 refers to filling a typically menial position in a household.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      服侍

      陪侍

      伺候

      侍候

      侍奉

      投效 refers to someone formally offering his/her services to someone else.

      事

      承歡

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 169

      • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

        MINISTERIUM

        SERVITUS

      Words

      事  shì OC: dzrɯs MC: ɖʐɨ 139 AttributionsWD

      The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").

        Word relations
      • Conv: 蓄 / 畜/REAR Xù 畜 refers primarily to the breeding of livestock, but is also used for humans under one's control and below one's status.
      • Object: 上/SUPERIOR
      • Object: 主/RULER The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant").
      • Object: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.
      • Object: 上/RULER Shàng 上 can refer to any governing authority or ruler, but by Han times the word became a standard polite way of referring to the Han emperor.
      • Object: 父/FATHER The completely dominant word is fù 父
      • Object: 父母/PARENT Fù mǔ 父母 refers to parents.
      • Object: 師/TEACHER The current general word for a (revered) teacher of one's choice is shī 師.
      • Object: 天/HEAVEN
      • Epithet: 臣/MINISTER The general word for a government minister at any level and of any kind is chén 臣, generically rén chén 人臣.
      • Contrast: 為/SERVE
      • Oppos: 蓄 / 畜/REAR Xù 畜 refers primarily to the breeding of livestock, but is also used for humans under one's control and below one's status.
      • Oppos: 交/INTERACT The general objective word referring to mutual social interaction is jiāo 交.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactpublic service; public tasks
      • nabactservice
      • vt(oN)serve the contextually determinate person
      • vt[oN]enter service; serve one's ruler; servein public office
      • vtoNserve N (as minister or aide, as one state another etc.), serve under; be in the service of; enter the services of;  serve and cultivate through gifts
      • vtoNserve obediently as a guide or teacherCH
      • vtoNactserve (the spirits etc)
      • vtoNcausativeto employ (somebody) for public service
      • vtoNimperativeserve N!CH
      • vtoNpassivebe served
      • vttoN1+.vtoN2to serve (somebody N1) (through something N2)
      臣  chén OC: ɡjiŋ MC: dʑin 14 AttributionsWD

      Chén 臣 emphasises the subservience of the servant and his lasting employment in a subservient position.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactloyal service, proper obedience of a subservient subjectLZ
      • viactbehave as a subservient subject, show proper obedience
      • vt(oN)serve as a subject to the contextually determinate N
      • vt+prep+Nact as subservient to
      • vtoNdeclare one's subservience to; behave as a vassal to; be a subject of; serve as minister or servant
      使  shǐ OC: srɯʔ MC: ʂɨ 12 AttributionsWD

      Shǐ 使 refers specifically to serving in a formal mission on behalf of a master.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactservice on a mission
      • nadVas an envoy, as a messenger
      • vi V[0]serve/go on a mission to VCH
      • viactserve on an official mission
      • vtoNgo on a mission to (a state), act as an envoy or ambassador to
      • vtoNobject=humanbe in the service of; go errands for
      從  cóng OC: dzoŋ MC: dzi̯oŋ 12 AttributionsWD

      Cóng 從 refers to someone having decided to belong to the entourage or following of a master.

        Syntactic words
      • vadNattendant, serving 從臣
      • vt(oN)become a follower of the contextually determinate NCH
      • vt(oN)ombe in attendance with (a senior person)
      • vt+prep+Nbe in the retinue of (a superior)
      • vtoNbecome a follower of; be a follower of; be in attendence; LY 14.20: place oneself after (the grandees) in rank
      • vtoNcausativemake a follower; cause to join one's entourage
      宦  huàn OC: ɢʷraans MC: ɦɣan 10 AttributionsWD

      Huàn 宦 refers to filling a typically menial position in a household.

        Syntactic words
      • viactserve as a slave; but also: serve as an ordinary official; serve as a menial official; gain public office
      • vt prep Nserve inCH
      屬  shǔ OC: djoɡ MC: dʑi̯ok 8 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vadNN=humfollowers; entourage; adherents
      • vt+prep+Nbe properly subservient to, serve properly
      • vtoNserve, submit to; be subservient to; pander to
      • vttoN1.+prep+N2causativedevote N1 under N2; cause N1 to be devoted and beholden to to N2,CH
      服  fú OC: bɯɡ MC: buk 7 AttributionsWD

      Fú 服 refers to the devoted service to a master.

        Syntactic words
      • nabfeaturesubmission to the authorities; servitude, enforced obedience
      • vt( prep N)recognise the authority of the contextually determinate NCH
      • vt(oN)submit to the contextually determinate NVK
      • vt+prep+Nrecognise the authority of; be obedient to; serve, work for; be subservient to;
      • vtoNbe deferential towards; submit toCH
      役  yì OC: ɢʷleɡ MC: jiɛk 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vt+prep+Nserve N
      • vtoNserve as a dependent or slave
      服事  fú shì OC: bɯɡ dzrɯs MC: buk ɖʐɨ 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNresultativesubmit to so as to serve> serve
      為  wèi OC: ɢʷals MC: ɦiɛ 5 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Contrast: 事/SERVE The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").

        Syntactic words
      • vt(oN)be in favour of a contextually determinate person
      • vtoNwork for; be in favour of
      仕宦  shì huàn OC: dzrɯʔ ɢʷraans MC: ɖʐɨ ɦɣan 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPab.adNthe N of serving as an official
      • NPab{N1=N2}actentering service as an official; official career of any kind; official career whatever it is
      • VPiserve as an official
      待  dài OC: ɡ-lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNserve so as to satisfy the requirements of
      御  yù OC: ŋas MC: ŋi̯ɤ 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • viactbe in attendance, render service; manage to render service
      • vt+prep+Nbe in polite attendance with
      • vtoNpolite: wait upon
      殉  xùn OC: sɢʷlins MC: zʷin 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNsacrifice one's interests to (someone else)
      侍奉  shì fèng OC: ɡljɯs boŋʔ MC: dʑɨ bi̯oŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNwait upon, attend to, serve, take care of
      • VPtt+N1(.+N2)omserve N2 to a contextually determinate person N2
      看侍  kàn shì OC: khaans ɡljɯs MC: khɑn dʑɨ 2 AttributionsWD
      • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 204

        Syntactic words
      • VPt(oN)omlook after and serve > care for, take care of, provide for, watch out for, wait upon (with contextually determinate object) (BIANWEN)
      立功  lì gōng MC: lip kuwng OC: ɡ-rub kooŋCW 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nab(establish a) successful serviceCW
      輔翼  fǔ yì MC: bjuX yik OC: baʔ p-lɯɡCH 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNserve as a aide toCH
      侍  shì OC: ɡljɯs MC: dʑɨ 1 AttributionWD

      Shì 侍 and the rare and more elevated yù 御 refers specifically to physical attentance to the daily needs of a master, and it involves physical presence near him. See ACCOMPANY

        Syntactic words
      • v[adN]as a servantCH
      勤  qín OC: ɡlɯn MC: gɨn 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNserve diligently
      奉給  fèng jǐ OC: boŋʔ krub MC: bi̯oŋ kip 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNserve and supply with necessities
      奉事  fèng shì MC: bjowngX dzriH OC: boŋʔ dzrɯsCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNserve humblyCH
      祗奉  zhī fèng MC: tsyij bjowngX OC: tjil boŋʔCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNserve respectfullyCH
      立待  lì dài MC: lip dojX OC: ɡ-rub ɡ-lɯɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VP(oN)wait upon a contextually determinate person, ritually, as a servant, standing up CH
      補  bǔ OC: paaʔ MC: puo̝ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNserve as a replacement for (an officer)
      承事  chéng shì OC: ɡjɯŋ dzrɯs MC: dʑɨŋ ɖʐɨ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNserve loyally

      Existing SW for

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