REAR    養

FEED AND PROTECT ENDURINGLY so as to CAUSE TO GROW.
NOURISHBRING UPRAISECARE FORLOOK AFTERNURTUREPARENTEDUCATE.FEEDPROVIDE FORSUSTAINMAINTAIN
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for rearing and/or breeding is yù 育, which can refer to animals as well as occasionally to humans, and the word belongs to a dignified stylistic layer. 2. Xù 畜 refers primarily to the breeding of livestock, but is also used for humans under one's control and below one's status. 3. Yǎng 養 refers primarily to the caring for and nourishing of one's parents, children or other humans one feels caring sympathy for and is only occasionally used for non-humans, although it does apply to plants like mulberry trees that need much care.
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 ANIMALS 40. 養，飼養的通稱。 豢，養豬或用穀物飼養，必須帶賓語。 畜，長時間地喂養，可以不帶賓語。飼，側重在具體的喂養活動。 芻，用草料喂養，對象是牛羊之類。
Modern Chinese Criteria
畜牧 牧畜 飼養 養活 養 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • ADOPTION　REAR the CHILD of ANOTHER as one's OWN, AND TREAT the CHILD of ANOTHER as one's OWN CHILD. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
See also
  • LOVEINTENSE AND OFTEN PARTIAL DESIRE to be INTIMATE with a PERSON OR to POSSESS a THING.
  • CARE FORSAFEGUARD LOVINGLY.
Hypernym
  • FEED　CAUSE TO EAT NECESSARY FOOD. (anc: 12/0, child: 1)
  • CAUSE TO　MOVE in SUCH a way that THEREFORE someone or something else CHANGES. (anc: 11/0, child: 18)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    NOURISH

    alere refers to nourishment as conducive to development and growth.

    nutrire refers to nourishment as a necessity for survival only.

    nutrire refers generally to the providing of sustenance to humans and non-humans.

    nutricare refers specifically to the providing of sustenance to animals.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 74

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 82B

    • Words (21 items)

    養  yǎng OC: laŋʔ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 73 Attributions

    Yǎng 養 refers primarily to the caring for and nourishing of one's parents, children or other humans one feels caring sympathy for and is only occasionally used for non-humans, although it does apply to plants like mulberry trees that need much care.

      Word relations
    • Object: 親/PARENT The current word for parents is qīn 親, and the word is always used to refer to both parents (a rare case of dualis), so that the father or mother separately are not referred to as a qīn 親.
    • Contrast: 愛/SAFEGUARD
    • Assoc: 供 / 共/FEED
    • Synon: 育/REAR The current general word for rearing and/or breeding is yù 育, which can refer to animals as well as occasionally to humans, and the word belongs to a dignified stylistic layer.
    • Oppos: 送/FAREWELL Sòng 送 (ant. yíng 迎 "go out to welcome") refers standardly to following someone some symbolic part of his way, as a standard ritual of departure.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactproper care
    • vadNpassivebeing reared 養兒 "baby being (breast-)fed
    • vishow a caring attitude
    • vt(oN)omcare properly for a contextually determinate N
    • vt1oN1.-vt2oN2resultativerear N1 into N2DS
    • vtoNnurture, nourish, bring up, rear, take good care of, provide for; provide for the needs of; maintain, provide a maintenance allowance for
    • vtoN1.adN2passivereared
    • vtoNfigurativenourish (the soul, one's in-born nature, the spirits/gods); take good care of (soldiers etc); look after
    • vtoNfigurative(of abstract things) be nourished or properly cultivated
    • vtoNpassivebe reared
    • vtoNreflexive.自nourish (oneself)
    蓄  xù OC: qhluɡ MC: huk
    畜  xù OC: qhluɡ MC: huk 28 Attributions

    Xù 畜 refers primarily to the breeding of livestock, but is also used for humans under one's control and below one's status.

      Word relations
    • Conv: 事/SERVE The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").
    • Epithet: 生/ANIMAL
    • Oppos: 事/SERVE The current general word for serving another is shì 事 (ant. shǐ 使 "deploy").
    • Oppos: 生/BEGET

      Syntactic words
    • vadNpassivereared
    • vt(oN)rear the contextually determinate N
    • vtoNbreed, raise (as domestic animals); nourish, sustain (children and wife)
    • vtoNpassivebe reared; be brought up
    • vtoNpassivefigurative: be fosteredCH
    育  yù OC: luɡ MC: juk 22 Attributions

    The current general word for rearing and/or breeding is yù 育, which can refer to animals as well as occasionally to humans, and the word belongs to a dignified stylistic layer.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 長/GROW The current general term for growth is zhǎng 長.
    • Synon: 養/REAR Yǎng 養 refers primarily to the caring for and nourishing of one's parents, children or other humans one feels caring sympathy for and is only occasionally used for non-humans, although it does apply to plants like mulberry trees that need much care.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNpassivefed 不育之物 "creatures that are not properly nourished"
    • vt[oN]produce crops
    • vtoNfoster; raise and bring up from birth; cater well for
    • vtoNfigurativefoster; cause to develop properly
    • vtoNpassivebe nurtured; be raised; be properly nurtured
    產  chǎn OC: sqreenʔ MC: ʂɣɛn 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.tactthe rearing of N, the breeding of N
    • nobjectwhat is reared, breed 其產 "the local breed"
    • vadNreared, bred (not wild)
    • vt{PASS}post-N{PLACE}.adNpassivebe made to bud forth; be reared, be bred; be produced 屈產之乘 "teams of horses bred in Qū"
    養長  yǎng zhǎng OC: laŋʔ krlaŋʔ MC: ji̯ɐŋ ʈi̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactrearingLZ
    • VPiresultativenourish (something) so that it grows
    • VPtoNnourish, take good care ofLZ
    供養  gòng yǎng OC: koŋs laŋʔ MC: ki̯oŋ ji̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactloving support and care (of parents etc)
    • VPiacttake good care of people; show caring concern for people
    • VPt(oN)provide loving support for a contextually determinate person
    • VPtoNprovide support for
    長  zhǎng OC: krlaŋʔ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausative: cause to grow up well; take good care of the needs of
    生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrear; nourish; get to flourish; provide for
    化育  huà yù OC: hŋʷraals luɡ MC: hɣɛ juk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabprocesstransforming nourishing care
    • VPiacttransform and nourish properly
    衣食  yì sì MC: 'j+jH -- OC: qɯls -- 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPhere: yīshí clothing and food; material resourcesLZ
    • VPtoNclothe and feedLZ
    養育  yǎng yù OC: laŋʔ luɡ MC: ji̯ɐŋ juk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNlook after and cater for properly
    覆育  fù yù OC: phuɡ luɡ MC: phuk juk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNnourish and cater for in every way
    頤  yí 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2figurativebring up N1 by means of N2; intellectually feed N1 on N2CH
    食養  sì yǎng MC: -- yangX OC: -- laŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNto supply food and other indispensable thingsLZ
    育長  yù zhǎng MC: yuwk drjang  OC: luɡ krlaŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNrear so as to make growCH
    長養  zhǎng yǎng MC: drjang yangX OC: krlaŋʔ laŋʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNnurture, nourish, bring up, rear, take good care of, provide for; provide for the needs of;LZ
    自養  zì yǎng OC: sblids laŋʔ MC: dzi ji̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactmaintenance (of one's own household)
    奉養  fèng yàng OC: boŋʔ laŋs MC: bi̯oŋ ji̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactthe looking well after a person important to one
    養成  yǎng chéng OC: laŋʔ djeŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ dʑiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNresultativenurture and bring to full development
    護養  hù yǎng OC: ɢʷaaɡs laŋʔ MC: ɦuo̝ ji̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNguard and nourish
    侍養  shì yǎng OC: ɡljɯs laŋʔ MC: dʑɨ ji̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)look well after (the contextually determinate object)
    • VPtoNlook well after