ANIMAL    動物

CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE.
Old Chinese Criteria
[ARCHAIC/CURRENT] [[COMMON/RARE]] [TECHNICAL-TERM/CURRENT-WORD] 1. Chóng 蟲 is sometimes referred to animals of any kind, and not only to insect-like creatures. [GENERAL] 2. The current general word for an animal of any kind would appear to be qín shòu 禽獸, although this word definitely excludes snails, insects, snakes and the like. [CURRENT], [GENERAL] 3. Niǎo shòu 鳥獸 refers specifically to all birds and beasts. [SPECIFIC] 4. Wù 物 is sometimes used to refer to what in Christian parlance are "creatures" of any kind. See CREATURE [ARCHAIC?], [GENERAL]; [[RARE]] 5. Dòng wù 動物 refers quite generally to all animals as opposed to plants and inanimate creatures, but the word is really a technical term and is rarely used. [GENERAL], [TECHNICAL]; [[RARE]]
Modern Chinese Criteria
生物 動物 眾生 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • AQUATIC ANIMALS　ANIMALS that LIVE IN WATER. (anc: 6/0, child: 7)
  • MYTHICAL ANIMALSnew-60e95de7-1e03-4ca5-a95d-e71e03dca518　FICTION ANIMAL OR DEITY in the SHAPE of an ANIMAL. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • FEMALE　GENDER OF AN ANIMAL OR ANIMAL TYPICALLY ABLE to BIRTH:bear CHILDREN. (anc: 6/0, child: 3)
  • INSECT　SMALL ANIMAL LACKING SPINE, TYPICALLY WITH MANY LEGS AND WINGS. [] (anc: 6/0, child: 10)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • RODENTS　KIND of ANIMAL [Rodentia]??? (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • SNAIL　SMALL SOFT ANIMAL, RESEMBLING a WORM, DWELLING IN AND ENDURINGLY CARRYING a HARD SHELL. (anc: 6/0, child: 0)
  • DOMESTIC ANIMAL　ANIMAL REARED IN OR NEAR HOMES. (anc: 6/0, child: 7)
  • YOUNG ANIMAL　YOUNG ANIMAL.THIS WHOLE SERIES OF YOUNG ANIMALS HAS TO BE CLEANED UP. (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
  • BIRD　ANIMAL that HAS TWO LEGS AND WINGS. (anc: 6/0, child: 4)
  • VERTEBRATE　ANIMAL which HAS a SPINE BONE. (anc: 6/0, child: 2)
  • WORM　ANIMAL WITH SOFT SKIN, LACKING LEGS. [BIOLOGY] (anc: 6/0, child: 1)
See also
Hypernym
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • THING　CONCRETE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 10)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 3.11

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 103

    This is a concise and historical survey concentrating on classical antiquity and then the Christian impact. There are useful bibliographic references.

    There is no ancient Greek category that corresponds to the modern "animal".

    Augustine is crucial for the development of the notion of the animal not including that of humans.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    ANIMAL

    animal refers quite generally to any living creature, human or animal with the focus on its particular nature.

    animans refers to living creatures of any kind in so far as they are alive rather than dead.

    bellua refers to animals as devoid of rationality, generally as wild and threatening.

    bestia refers to destructive wild animals.

    fera refers to wild animals of the forst without special emphasis on their threatening or destructive nature.

    pecus refers to animals as devoid of rationality, often to domestic animals.

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    ANIMAL

  • 中華古代文化辭典 Zhonghua gudai wenhua cidian ( QIAN YULIN 1996) p. 205-217

    Basic ancient zoological terminology simply explained.

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.334

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.878

    BESTIAIRE

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 10.1195

    TIER

  • "Sachwoerterbuch zum Alten China" ( UNGER SACH) p.

    TIER

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 338ff

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.47.33

    ANIMAL.BETE

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.242

  • Divisiones quae vulgo dicuntur Aristoteleae ( DIVISIONES 1906) p. B 64

    • Words (17 items)

    禽獸  qín shòu OC: ɡrɯm qjus MC: gim ɕɨu 28 Attributions

    The current general word for an animal of any kind would appear to be qín shòu 禽獸, although this word definitely excludes snails, insects, snakes and the like. [CURRENT], [GENERAL]

      Word relations
    • Oppos: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.

      Syntactic words
    • NPabanimal-like nature, beast-like mental constitution
    • NPadNanimal-
    • NPnonreferentialbirds and beasts; a mere animal
    • NP{PRED}be a mere beastCH
    • VPifigurativebe like and act like a wild beastCH
    鳥獸  niǎo shòu OC: ntɯɯwʔ qjus MC: teu ɕɨu 13 Attributions

    Niǎo shòu 鳥獸 refers specifically to all birds and beasts. [SPECIFIC]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}nonreferentialbirds and beasts
    蟲  chóng OC: ɡrluŋ MC: ɖuŋ 9 Attributions

    Chóng 蟲 is sometimes referred to animals of any kind, and not only to insect-like creatures. [GENERAL]

      Syntactic words
    • nanimals (general); the animal (of the season etc)
    物  wù OC: mɯd MC: mi̯ut 7 Attributions

    Wù 物is sometimes used to refer to what in Christian parlance are "creatures" of any kind. See THING [ARCHAIC?], [GENERAL]; [[RARE]]

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 人/HUMAN The dominant term is rén 人 which refers to any human.

      Syntactic words
    • nnonreferentialliving creature, animals SW: 凡物無乳者｛"animals without milk, generally speaker"
    • n{PRED}be a creature; be an animalCH
    人物  rén wù MC: nyin mjut OC: njin mɯd 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralmen and animals; men or other creatures; men or animals (also reduplicated as 人人物物CH
    生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 群/ALL Qún 群 is a quantifier which indicates that the whole of the flock or group of items designated by the noun it precedes are referred to [COLLECTIVE]; [nadN]
    • Epithet: 蓄 / 畜/REAR Xù 畜 refers primarily to the breeding of livestock, but is also used for humans under one's control and below one's status.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]living animal, creature =生物
    動物  dòng wù OC: dooŋʔ mɯd MC: duŋ mi̯ut 3 Attributions

    Dòng wù 動物 refers quite generally to all animals as opposed to plants and inanimate creatures, but the word is really a technical term and is rarely used. [GENERAL], [TECHNICAL]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • NPZHOULI: animal
    毛物  máo wù OC: moow mɯd MC: mɑu mi̯ut 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPanimal
    餼  xì OC: qhɯds MC: hɨi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsacrificial animal
    狗彘  gǒu zhì MC: kuwX drjejH OC: kooʔ deds 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPanimals like dogs or pigs (typically in contrast to humans)LZ
    騂  xīng OC: seŋ MC: siɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nred animal (suitable for sacrifice)
    鳥鼠  niǎo diǎo shǔ MC: tewX syoX OC: ntɯɯwʔ qhjaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsmaller animals like birds and rodentsLZ
    梧鼠  wú shǔ MC: ngu syoX OC: ŋaa qhjaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPflying squirrel, standardly written 鼯鼠LZ
    穴者  xué zhě OC: ɢʷliiɡ kljaʔ MC: ɦet tɕɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialcave-dwelling animals
    子  zǐ OC: sklɯʔ MC: tsɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nyoung of animals
    三牲  sān shēng MC: sam sraeng OC: saam sraaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralthree sacrifical animals, suovetaurilia (pig, sheep, ox)CH
    毛  máo OC: moow MC: mɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfurry or feathered animal (especially for sacrifice)