MERIT  功績功

GOOD PUBLIC ACHIEVEMENTS.
EXCELLENCEQUALITYCALIBERWORTHWORTHINESSCREDITVALUEDISTINCTIONEMINENCE
Hypernym
  • ACHIEVECOMPLETE a DIFFICULT ACT.
    • COMPLETEACT out OR PRODUCE something so as to CAUSE it to BECOME WHOLE.
      • PRODUCEACT so as to DELIBERATELY CAUSE something to BEGIN to EXIST.
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision....
See also
  • RESULTSITUATION CAUSED-BY something.
    • SUCCEEDACHIEVE an IMPORTANT AIM with DIFFICULTY.
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功.

      2. Láo 勞 refers to meritorious effort as typically resulting in meritorious results.

      3. Xūn 勛／勳 refers to outstanding contributions to the state and this word cannot refer to personal achievements.

      4. Fá 伐 refers to a manifest achievement which is there for everyone to admire.

      5. Jī 績 refers to results obtained, which in principle can be both positive and negative (we have gōng jī 功績 "positive results" as well as bài jī 敗績 "negative results").

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      功勞

      功

      貢獻

      功績

      勞績

      功德

      一等功

      首功

      頭功

      勛勞

      勛績

      勛業

      功勛

      勛

      業績

      功績

      功烈

      事功

      庶績

      功業

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      Words

      功  gōng OC: kooŋ MC: kuŋ 60 AttributionsWD

      The current general word for achievements of any kind is gōng 功.

        Word relations
      • Ant: 害/DAMAGE By far the commonest general word for damage is hài 害 (ant. lì 利"benefit").
      • Ant: 過/MISTAKE
      • Ant: 尤/BLAME Yóu 尤 often refers to official blame and censure, but there are archaic generalised uses of the word where it simply means "to apportion blame for something".
      • Ant: 姦/WICKED Jiān 姦 (ant. liáng 良 "of the good sort, decent") refers to sheer human depravity and moral incompetence with no supernatural or sinister overtones.
      • Ant: 罪/CRIME The current general word for a serious legal transgression is zuì 罪 (ant. gōng 功 "merit"), and the current general word for a minor legal transgression is guò 過 (ant. xiào 效 "positive contribution").
      • Object: 成/ACHIEVE The current general word for successful action on one's own behalf or on someone else's behalf is chéng 成 (ant. bài 敗 "fail to achieve; botch up"). [GENERAL], [LARGE-SCALE]; [VERB]
      • Object: 立/ESTABLISH The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.
      • Epithet: 臣/MINISTER The general word for a government minister at any level and of any kind is chén 臣, generically rén chén 人臣.
      • Contrast: 烈/FAMOUS Liè 烈 and hè 赫 focus on the image of glamour radiating from those who are illustrious.
      • Oppos: 德/VIRTUE The current general term for salient features and principles of charismatic moral integrity and generosity is dé 德, when used as a term of ethical evalutation; but this word has many other philosophically important meanings.
      • Oppos: 身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.

        Syntactic words
      • n[adN]nonreferentialmeritorious [effort]
      • nab(post-N)the meritorious distinction of the contextually determinate NCH
      • nab.post-NN's contributionsCH
      • nabactmeritorious political or military contributions, meritorious exploits; contributions; proper ultimate function; effective performance (e.g. in cutting off heads!)
      • nadNhaving achievements> deserving; meritorious 功臣, full of merit See also Shiji: 功狗
      • npost-Vmerit consisting in V-ingDS
      • vihave meritorious contributions to one's credit, achieve meritorious results
      功德  gōng dé OC: kooŋ tɯɯɡ MC: kuŋ tək 25 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Contrast: 福/LUCK The dominant general word for good fortune is fú 福 (ant. huò 禍 "misfortune"), and the dominant general word for good luck is xìng 幸 (ant. yāng 殃 "misfortune").

        Syntactic words
      • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: karmic merit
      • NPabsocialachievements and merits
      • NPadNmerit-related; meritorious
      福  fú OC: pɯɡ MC: puk 14 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabactBUDDH: meritorious practice deserving of future good fortune > merit Skt puṇya
      勞  láo OC: raaw MC: lɑu 10 AttributionsWD

      Láo 勞 refers to meritorious effort as typically resulting in meritorious results.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactdistinguished service; honest effort, meritorious toils, hard work; laborious achievement
      • nadN(in recompense) for meritorious effort
      • v[adN]men who have achievements to their credit
      勛  xūn OC: qhun MC: hi̯un
      勛勳  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 8 AttributionsWD

      Xūn 勛／勳 refers to outstanding contributions to the state and this word cannot refer to personal achievements.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactoutstanding political or military achievement
      • v[adN]people of merit
      • viactgain merit
      功勞  gōng láo OC: kooŋ raaw MC: kuŋ lɑu 8 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactmerit
      • NPadNmeritorious, possessed of merit 功勞之臣
      功伐  gōng fá OC: kooŋ bod MC: kuŋ bi̯ɐt 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactconcrete achievement
      績  jī OC: skleeɡ MC: tsek 5 AttributionsWD

      Jī 績 refers to results obtained, which in principle can be both positive and negative (we have gōng jī 功績 "positive results" as well as bài jī 敗績 "negative results").

        Syntactic words
      • nabgreat achievement
      • nabderivedfigurative: maximum literary effectCH
      福田  fú tián OC: pɯɡ ɡ-liiŋ MC: puk den 4 AttributionsWD
      • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 780, fn. 2851

        The term implies that through the performance of good deeds one prepares the ground (tia2n 田) for fruits (i.e. good circumstances) in the next life.

      • Digital Dictionary of Buddhism ( MULLER) p.

        "'field of blessing'; field of merit' (1) A reference to the three treasures: the Buddha, the sangha and dharma; also, one's parents and the poverty-striken. These are the objects toward which one should direct his/her religious practice. (2) The place where people nurture and develop thier meritorious virtues. (3) The practices which lead to enlightenment."

      • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 1187c

      • 支那佛教史NO研究 Shina bukkyō shi no kenkyū Studies in Chinese Buddhism ( TOKIWA 1943) p. vol.2: 473-498

      • 維摩詰經 Wéimójié jīng Vimalakīrti-nirdessa Taishō ( VIMALAKIRTI(A)) p. 菩薩品

      • The Platform Sūtra of the Sixth Patriarch ( YAMPOLSKY 1967) p. 128

        Syntactic words
      • NPabmetaphysicalBUDDH: event promising blessings in the future
      • VPiactBUDDH: to cultivate the field of blessings > have merit
      福德  fú dé OC: pɯɡ tɯɯɡ MC: puk tək 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabmetaphysicalBuddhist merit; Buddhist meritorious action
      伐  fá OC: bod MC: bi̯ɐt 2 AttributionsWD

      Fá 伐 refers to a manifest achievement which is there for everyone to admire.

        Syntactic words
      • nabactvisible achievement, manifest achievement
      功  gōng OC: kooŋ MC: kuŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabmerit
      功夫  gōng fū OC: kooŋ pa MC: kuŋ pi̯o 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactmeritorious (Buddhist/Zen Buddhist) practice
      • NPabmetaphysicalmerit
      功烈  gōng liè OC: kooŋ b-red MC: kuŋ liɛt 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactachievements; excellent results of all kinds
      武  wǔ OC: mbaʔ MC: mi̯o 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vibespeak military merit; be a sign of military prowess
      章  zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabactglorious achievements, fame and merit
      善本  shàn běn OC: ɡjenʔ pɯɯnʔ MC: dʑiɛn puo̝n 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPbasis for good karma
      道業  dào yè OC: ɡ-luuʔ ŋab MC: dɑu ŋi̯ɐp 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabmetaphysicalBuddhist karma
      德  dé OC: tɯɯɡ MC: tək 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabfeaturemeritorious feature, merit
      功  gōng 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nab.post-Nderivedrecognition of merit regarding NCH
      名  míng OC: meŋ MC: miɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabsocial

      Existing SW for

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