DISCUSS 討論
SPEAK SYSTEMATICALLY on something, BASING oneself on INVESTIGATION AND REFLECTION.
TALK OVERTALK ABOUTTALK THROUGHCONVERSE ABOUTDEBATECONFER ABOUTDELIBERATE ABOUTCHEW OVERCONSIDERCONSIDER THE PROS AND CONS OFTHRASH OUTINFORMAL KICK AROUNDHASH OUTBAT AROUND
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most current words for discussion are yì 議 "public (often formal) discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion".
2. Biàn 辯 refers to a rational subtle discussion and investigation.
3. Zhēng 爭 refers to an eristic discussion or an altercation, and the word emphasises the intellectual conflict involved. See STRUGGLE.
4. Jiǎng 講 refers to discussing something as an important subject and in a systematic manner.
5. Tǎo 討 is to engage in a deep and thorough discussion and investigation of something.
6. Píng 評 is a rare word that refers to discussion. (NB: this word enjoyed a renaissance and become more common in post-Buddhist times.)
7.Tán 談 refers (often pejoratively) to an informal, perhaps even inconsequential, dialogue or or discourse on something. See DIALOGUE.
Modern Chinese Criteria
商量 is the most current general word for the discussion of differing views on a matter.
討論 is the current modern word for discussion.
議論 refers to public debate, typically of matters of political relevance.
座談 refers to formal public debate on a certain subject, on a certain public occasion.
審議 refers to detailed often public discussion leading to a definite conclusion.
商討 focusses on the different opinions involved in discussion, typically on major matters of policy.
探討 focusses on investigation as background to discussion.
研討 refers to discussion based on study.
議事 (lit, obs) focusses on the matters discussed as serious.
會商 (lit) refers to a formal discussion with a view to reaching a decision.
協商
談判
洽談
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
- EXPLAIN DISCUSS so as to CAUSE something to BECOME MORE CLEAR. (anc: 14/0, child: 12)
- POLITICS LEGITIMATE CONCRETE PUBLIC DISCUSSION of DIFFERENT METHODS to GOVERN a DEFINITE STATE. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
See also
- DIALOGUEMUTUAL ADDRESSING EXCHANGED between those who MUTUALLY LISTEN.
- FIGHTCOMPETE with THINGS OR PERSONS so as to TRY TO DAMAGE OR DESTROY MUTUALLY:each-other.
Hypernym
- SPEAK ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
- ACT MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
- MOVE CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
DISPUTARE est de qvaestione ambigua in utramqve partem decertare, donec utro veritas praeponderet, pateat. Constat 1. ex qvaestione dubia.2. Argumentis in utramqve partem facientibus. 3. erumqve accurata collatione, a duobus earundem rerum peritis instituta. Ergo videndum 1. an sit vere dubium, et 2. quid proprie, et 3. inter qvos....
Disputationis leges. 1. Quastio formetur. 2.Termini omnes definiantur. 3. Demum status controversiae recte formetur. 4 Demum affirmatnti incumbat probatio. 5 Neganti responsatio. 7.Affirmanti liqvidatio. 7. usquve dum non restet de quo ambigatur....
DISPUTATIO
談，論
1. WL takes the difference between ta2n 談 and lu4n 論 to be one of formality versus informality of discussion. In fact, lu4n 論 is not primarily dialogical in nature at all, and the word only refers to dialogue by a relatively rare extension. Ta2n 談, on the other hand, is by no means limited to dialogue, and the distinctive feature of the word is its predominant pejorative nuance "chatter".
議，論
1. WL rightly points out that yi4 議 aims at some decision, whereas lu4n 論aims at a judgment. One may add that the main difference here is that yi4 議 refers to a formal discussion in council, whereas lu4n 論 refers to a disquisition quite generally.
Words (26 items)
議 yì OC: ŋrals MC: ŋiɛ 43 Attributions
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion".
- Word relations
- Object: 事/WORK
Shì 事 (ant. xián 閒 "be at leisure") refers primarily to an official or regular working effort made on behalf of and in the service of an employer or a ruler. - Contrast: 論/DISCUSS
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion". - Contrast: 明/EXPLAIN
Míng 明 is to throw intellectual light on something by any means, including illustration as well as historical explanation or definition. - Assoc: 論/DISCUSS
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion". - Assoc: 說/EXPLAIN
The current general word for a discursive "analytical" explanation of something that is not sufficiently clear in itself is shuō 說.
- Syntactic words
- nabactpublic argument; argumentative point of view; public dissent
- nabactdiscussion of public affairs
- vt prep Ndiscuss public affairs in relation to NCH
- vt+V[0]discuss to, deliberate to
- vt[oN]engage in public discussion, engage in disputation; express public dissent; make a remark; express one's opinion
- vt[oN]discuss public affairsCH
- vtoNopen a public discussion on; argue publicly about; discuss or bring up in a formal gathering; take up for discussion
- vtoNmathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
- vtoNpassivebe entered into serious public discussion or disputation with
言 yán OC: ŋan MC: ŋi̯ɐn 31 Attributions
- Word relations
- Assoc: 談/DIALOGUE
Tán 談 refers to informal chatter or unrespectable intellectual dialogue. - Assoc: 說/PERSUADE
The current general words for persuasion are shuì 說 "persuade of a point of view or a course of action" versus quàn 勸 "persuade someone to engage in a certain course of action he or she was not originally planning to enage in".
- Syntactic words
- nabactdiscussion, discourse; public discussion, public speech
- nabpluralpublic statements
- vt(oN)pronounce on/speak up on the contextually determinate NCH
- vt[oN]engage in serious discussion (with someone), discuss things (with someone)
- vtoNdiscuss the subject N (not: chat or converse about N)
- vtoN1.postvt(oN2)engage in serious conversation or discussion
- vtoN1.postvt(oN2)passivediscuss (a subject matter) with (someone)
- vtoNmiddle voicebe a partner in an exchange of views (rather than informal conversation)
論 lùn OC: ɡ-ruuns MC: luo̝n 31 Attributions
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion".
- Word relations
- Contrast: 議/DISCUSS
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion". - Assoc: 議/DISCUSS
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion". - Assoc: 講/DISCUSS
4444Jiǎng 講 refers to discussing something as an important subject and in a systematic manner. 4444Jiǎng 講 refers to discussing something as an important subject and in a systematic manner. - Assoc: 辯/DISCUSS
Biàn 辯 refers to a rational subtle discussion and investigation
- Syntactic words
- nabactdiscussions; theories; views
- nabderiveddiscourse; argumentCH
- vt[oN]be involved in discussion
- vtoNsort out and discuss, often in writing; argue; account for, give an account of; demonstrate
- vtoNpassivebe expounded, laid out and discussed
辯 biàn OC: brenʔ MC: biɛn 17 Attributions
Biàn 辯 refers to a rational subtle discussion and investigation
- Word relations
- Ant: 行/ACT
The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE] - Object: 好/LOVE
- Assoc: 爭/DISAGREE
Zhēng 爭 (ant. dìng 定 "confirm and not contest") refers to contending a conflicting point of view in a combative intellectual or rhetorical way. - Assoc: 論/DISCUSS
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion".
- Syntactic words
- nabactdisputation; cavilling argumentation
- vadNfull of sophistry, inanely argumentative
- viactengage in an intellectual dispute, make subtle distinctions; engage in rhetoric
- vt(oN)discuss the contextually determinate NLZ
- vt+prep+Ndiscuss a topic N in a discriminating wayTWH
- vt2[oN]discuss things with somebodyDS
- vtoNdiscuss with 勿與辯
爭 zhēng OC: skreeŋ MC: ʈʂɣɛŋ 6 Attributions
Zhēng 爭 refers to an eristic discussion or an altercation, and the word emphasises the intellectual conflict involved. See STRUGGLE.
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN]engage in discussion
- vtoNenter a debate about, enter a competitive argument about; be in dispute about; take issue with; quarrel about
- vttoN1.+N2discuss N1 before a person N2
辯者 biàn zhě MC: bjenX tsyaeX OC: brenʔ kljaʔ 5 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPabdisputation, argumentationLZ
辨 biàn MC: bjenX OC: brenʔ 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- nabactdisquisitionCH
- vtoN＝辯discuss, typically on the basis of logical/sophistic/rhetorically well-formed argumentsLZ
論議 lùn yì OC: ɡ-ruuns ŋrals MC: luo̝n ŋiɛ 4 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- NPabactpublic discussions
- VPt[oN]discuss things publicly
- VPtoNdiscuss publicly
講 jiǎng OC: krooŋʔ MC: kɣɔŋ 3 Attributions
4444Jiǎng 講 refers to discussing something as an important subject and in a systematic manner. 4444Jiǎng 講 refers to discussing something as an important subject and in a systematic manner.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 說/EXPLAIN
The current general word for a discursive "analytical" explanation of something that is not sufficiently clear in itself is shuō 說. - Assoc: 習/STUDY
- Assoc: 論/DISCUSS
The current words for discussion are yì 議 "public discussion", and lùn 論 "discursive discourse; written summary discussion with a conclusion". - Relat: 學/STUDY
The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN]engage in discussionsBUDDH: preach
- vtoNdiscuss and study (something) as an important matter; take seriously; lecture onBUDDH: preach on
小辯 xiǎo biàn MC: sjewX bjenX OC: smewʔ brenʔ 2 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPiengage in discussions (even) of minor detailsLZ
討 tǎo OC: thuuʔ MC: thɑu 1 Attribution
Tǎo 討 is to engage in a deep and thorough discussion and investigation of something.
- Word relations
- Contrast: 慮/PLAN
Lǜ 慮 refers to a careful personal planning effort based on serious reflection.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNLY: enter into a deep discussion of, mostly orally
諍 zhèng OC: skreeŋs MC: ʈʂɣɛŋ 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- nabactengaging in competitive debates
悟言 wù yán MC: nguH ngjon OC: ŋaas ŋan 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPt[oN]discuss things DS
言議 yán yì MC: ngjon ngjeH OC: ŋan ŋrals 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPabpublic argumentLZ
討論 tǎo lùn OC: thuuʔ ɡ-ruuns MC: thɑu luo̝n 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNcomment on, give one's appraisal of
調議 tiáo yì MC: dew ngjeH OC: dɯɯw ŋrals 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- vt[oN]to engage in a harmonious discussion of public affairsLZ
談論 tán lùn OC: ɡ-laam ɡ-ruuns MC: dɑm luo̝n 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- NPabactdiscourse
- VPiactdiscuss matters
爭論 zhēng lùn OC: skreeŋ ɡ-ruuns MC: ʈʂɣɛŋ luo̝n 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiactenage in formal debate
講論 jiǎng lùn OC: krooŋʔ ɡ-ruuns MC: kɣɔŋ luo̝n 1 Attribution
- Syntactic words
- VPiactengage in discussions, discuss
評 píng OC: breŋ MC: bɣaŋ 0 Attributions
Píng 評 is a rare word that refers to discussion. (NB: this word enjoyed a renaissance and become more common in post-Buddhist times.)
- Syntactic words
- vtoNshangjunshu: assess and discuss orally or in writing
論及 lùn jí OC: ɡ-ruuns ɡrɯb MC: luo̝n gip 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNresultativetouch upon in one's discussions; come to discuss; come to talk about
評詳 píng xiáng OC: breŋ sɢlaŋ MC: bɣaŋ zi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)discuss and advise in detail on a contextually determinate matter
品 pǐn OC: phrɯmʔ MC: phim 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vtoNstativeappreciate
商 shāng OC: qhjaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- vimathematical termCHEMLA 2003:
論說 lún shuō OC: ɡ-run lʰod MC: lʷin ɕiɛt 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNdiscuss; argue about
平畫 píng huò OC: breŋ ɢʷreeɡ MC: bɣaŋ ɦɣɛk 0 Attributions
- Syntactic words
- VPiactdiscuss strategy