TIRED    疲倦疲

DISTRESSED BECAUSE of NEAR:recent PAST INTENSIVE EFFORT.
EXHAUSTEDTIRED OUTWORN OUTWEARYDEAD-TIREDDOG-TIREDBONE-TIREDREADY TO DROPDRAINEDFATIGUEDENERVATEDINFORMAL BEATDONE INALL INBUSHEDZONKEDBAGGEDKNOCKED OUTWIPED OUTBURNED OUTPOOPEDTUCKERED OUTTAPPED OUTFRIEDWHIPPED
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The general purpose word for communal exhaustion is pì 罷 (ant. zhuàng 壯 "in strong shape"); the general word for the state of exhaustion of an individual is juàn 倦. 不倦 refers to tireless activity, 不饜 refers to tireless receptivity. See DISSATISFIED. 2. Pí 疲 and bèi 憊 typically refer to a relatively mild state of exhaustion. 3. Bì 弊 refers to a desperate state of exhaustion. 4. Láo 勞 refers to the state of exhaustion after extended lasting effort. 5. Dān 殫 refers not so much to the subjective feeling of exhaustion as to the objective inability to continue an activity for lack of further energy. 6. Qú 劬, a very poetic word, and the less poetic qín 勤, focus on the effort that brings about tiredness. 7. Cuì 瘁 is a poetic word referring to weariness. 8. Qiáo cuì 憔悴 refers to a weariness born of exhaustion. 9. Láo 老 refers specifically to exhaustion of soldiers. 10. Yàn 厭 refers specifically to being tired of, and thus fed up with something.
Modern Chinese Criteria
疲倦 疲勞 疲乏 疲憊 倦 疲 乏 懶 累 困 困乏 困頓 困倦 勞累 疲憊 困憊 衰憊 慵困 慵倦 疲頓 委頓 疲竭 疲軟 酸懶 頭涔涔 精疲力盡 力盡精疲 精神不濟 蒙袂輯屨 神困眼倦 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
See also
  • LAZYNATURAL TENDENCY to REFUSE to make EFFORTS.
  • DISSATISFIEDBAD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something that one BELIEVES is not SUFFICIENTLY GOOD OR BAD.
Hypernym
  • DISTRESS　FEELING that one's SELF:own SITUATION IS INTENSELY BAD. (anc: 12/0, child: 5)
  • FEELING　NATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND. (anc: 11/0, child: 17)
  • REACT　CHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something. (anc: 10/0, child: 5)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 4.91

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    TIRED

    fatigatus refers to a subjective state of exhaustion induced by an exhausting effort.

    fessus refers also to a subjective state of exhaustion induced by an exhausting effort, but is perhaps a somewhat stronger word to use.

    lassus refers to an objective and physical state of exhaustion, like lassatus.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 85

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 247

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 341

  • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 78

  • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1114

    苶，薾，芡

    These are quite separate words, of course. That 芡 can be used for 苶 is not documented under 芡, nor is it in HYDCD, but it may be true all the same as a scribal error.

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 261

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 341

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.32:26

    LAS.FATIGUE.HARASSE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.322.284

    LASSER.FATIGUER

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 244

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 58B

    • Words (60 items)

    勞  láo OC: raaw MC: lɑu 30 Attributions

    Láo 勞 refers to the state of exhaustion after extended lasting effort.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 安/COMFORTABLE The standard word for material and psychological comfort is ān 安.
    • Ant: 佚 / 軼 / 逸/LEISURE
    • Contrast: 怵/FEAR
    • Contrast: 苦/DISTRESS Kǔ 苦 and the much rarer xīn 辛 (ant. lè 樂 "be in a joyful state") refer to a lasting objective state of distress caused by identifiable external conditions.
    • Assoc: 憂/WORRY The current general term for all sorts of troubled states of mind, as well as reasons for such states of mind, is yōu 憂 (ant. xǐ 喜 "be well pleased" and lè 樂 "feel deep joy"), and this word may freely refer to troublesome matters of the present or of the future, and the word typiccally refers to a termporary state of hightened awareness of what is troublesome and concern about what should be done about it.
    • Assoc: 煩/CONFUSED

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositiontiredness, exhaustion
    • v[adN]nonreferentialthose tired out and in distress
    • vibe distressed and quite exhausted; be completely worn out
    • viactwear oneself out (for no very good reason)
    • viactwear oneself out (for a good reason)LZ
    • vicausative(of work or effort) be exhausting
    • vichange(of persons) get worn out;
    • vtoNcausativewear out, tire out
    • vtoNreflexive.其心tire oneself out
    倦  juàn OC: ɡrons MC: giɛn 19 Attributions

    The general purpose word for communal exhaustion is pì 罷 (ant. zhuàng 壯 "in strong shape"); the general word for the state of exhaustion of an individual is juàn 倦.

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionexhaustion, weariness
    • vadVtiredlyDS
    • vibe tired and exhausted; also of strength: be worn out
    • viactallow oneself to get exhausted
    • vichangemostly negated: get tired; be exasperated by; get weary (through excessive effort)
    • vt+prep+Nbe tired by the exercise of N
    罷  pí OC: bral MC: biɛ
    疲  pí OC: bral MC: biɛ 17 Attributions

    The general purpose word for communal exhaustion is pí 罷 (ant. zhuàng 壯 "in strong shape"); the general word for the state of exhaustion of an individual is juàn 倦.

      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]pluralthe exhausted
    • vadNworn-out, tired-out
    • vibe exhausted vt-pass ???
    • vt+prep+NPab{ACT}be too exhausted to V
    • vtoNcausativecause to be exhausted
    老  lǎo OC: ɡ-ruuʔ MC: lɑu 9 Attributions

    Láo 老 refers specifically to exhaustion of soldiers.

      Word relations
    • Result: 走/FLEE The current general word for illicit disappearance from where one has some obligation to remain is zǒu 走.

      Syntactic words
    • vioccasionally, in derived sense: exhausted from long fighting effort
    • vifigurativebe worn out; be exhausted; look old
    • vtoNcausativewear out; exhaust (an army) ZUO 將以老我師也。
    弊  bì OC: beds MC: biɛi 9 Attributions

    Bì 弊 refers to a desperate state of exhaustion.

      Syntactic words
    • DELETEwear down
    • nabstativeshattered state, shattered condition; decrepitude
    • vibe worn out, exhausted
    • vi.redtire oneself out, wear oneself out
    • vichangeget tired
    • vtoNcausativewear outCH
    • vtoNreflexive.自wear oneself down
    敝  bì OC: beds MC: biɛi 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureexhaustedness, weaknessLZ
    • vt[oN]reflexive, causativeexhaust one's strength; get exhausted
    • vtoNcausativecause to be exhausted; wear out completely
    • vtoNpassivetired out by
    困  kùn OC: khuuns MC: khuo̝n 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe tired
    • vichangebecome tired
    勤  qín OC: ɡlɯn MC: gɨn 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vitired out by diligent effort; be stressed; feel strained
    • vtoNcausativewear out
    憊  bèi OC: brɯɯɡs MC: bɣɛi 5 Attributions

    Pí 疲 and bèi 憊 typically refer to a relatively mild state of exhaustion.

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionlack of energy
    • vigradedlook exhausted, look haggard; be utterly exhausted after hard work
    勞苦  láo kǔ OC: raaw khaaʔ MC: lɑu khuo̝ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]nonreferentialthose who suffer hardship
    • VPibe tired
    • VPtoNreflexive.自tire out
    頓  dùn OC: tuuns MC: tuo̝n 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNwear (oneself) out
    • vtoNcausativetire (oneself) out
    • vtoNpassivebe worn down; be worn out; be in tatters
    疲極  pí jí OC: bral ɡɯɡ MC: biɛ gɨk 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPichangeget exhausted
    怠  dài OC: lɯɯʔ MC: dəi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vifeel weary and uncapable of work
    • vt(oN)get tired of the contextually determinate N, lose interest in NCH
    罷敝  pí bì OC: bral beds MC: biɛ biɛi
    疲敝  pí bì OC: bral beds MC: biɛ biɛi
    疲  pí OC: bral MC: biɛ
    罷弊  pí bì OC: bral beds MC: biɛ biɛi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe very exhausted
    極  jí OC: ɡɯɡ MC: gɨk 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureextremity, state of extreme exhaustion and hardship
    • vtoNget tired when working on N (XUN, debatable)LZ
    病  bìng OC: bɢraŋs MC: bɣaŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe seriously worn out
    瘁  cuì OC: sɡuds MC: dzi 3 Attributions

    Cuì 瘁 is a poetic word referring to weariness.

      Syntactic words
    • vadNweary, drearyCH
    • vibe weary, fatigued
    • vichangeget worn out
    • vtoNcausativetire out
    苦  kǔ OC: khaaʔ MC: khuo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeembitter through strain, tire out (one's strength)
    疲倦  pí juàn OC: bral ɡrons MC: biɛ giɛn
    疲  pí OC: bral MC: biɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNtired out; worn out
    • VPibe worn out; be tired out
    疲懈  pí xiè OC: bral krees MC: biɛ kɣɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe tired and listless
    罷勞  pí láo OC: bral raaw MC: biɛ lɑu
    疲勞  pí láo OC: bral raaw MC: biɛ lɑu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe exhausted
    卷  juàn MC: kjwenH OC: krons 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viinchoative=倦 get worn out CH
    勞勌  láo juan4 MC: law -- OC: raaw -- 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi= láojuan4 勞倦: be tired and exhausted LZ
    瞌睡  kē shuì OC: khaab djols MC: khɑp dʑiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiinchoativebecome tired, sleepy
    怠倦  dài juàn OC: lɯɯʔ ɡrons MC: dəi giɛn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]nonreferentialthose who are remiss or derelict in duty
    • VPipsychfeel thoroughly tired
    疲  pí OC: bral MC: biɛ 2 Attributions

    Pí 疲 and bèi 憊 typically refer to a relatively mild state of exhaustion.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangeget exhausted after hard work
    苶  niè OC: m-leed MC: net 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi-Pbe exhausted; tired; be weary 苶然
    跬  kuǐ MC: khjwieX OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausative[read xiè 漢語大字典quotes 集韻：疲] wear oneself outCH
    露  lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNexpose to wind and weather
    耗顇  hào cuì MC: xawH dzwijH OC: hmoows -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabtiresomenessLZ
    憔悴  qiáo cuì OC: dzew sɡuds MC: dziɛu dzi 1 Attribution

    Qiáo cuì 憔悴 refers to a weariness born of exhaustion.

      Syntactic words
    • viweary and sad, gloomy; thin and pale
    乏  fá OC: bob MC: bi̯ɐp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe exhausted
    • vtoNexhaust
    勦  chāo OC: dzraaw MC: ɖʐɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativewear out
    困乏  kùn fá OC: khuuns bob MC: khuo̝n bi̯ɐp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe utterly exhausted
    勞倦  láo juàn OC: raaw ɡrons MC: lɑu giɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe tired and exhausted
    • VPichangebecome tired, get exhausted
    虺隤  huī tuí OC: qhluul ɡ-luul MC: huo̝i duo̝i 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe exhausted
    懃  qín OC: ɡlɯn MC: gɨn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vichangeget exhausted; be worn out
    罷病  pí bìng OC: bral bɢraŋs MC: biɛ bɣaŋ
    疲病  pí bìng OC: bral bɢraŋs MC: biɛ bɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiresultativeget exhausted to be point of being disabled/sick
    芒芒然  máng máng rán OC: maaŋ maaŋ njen MC: mɑŋ mɑŋ ȵiɛn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadVintensitivefull of exhaustion; being very tired
    殫  dān OC: taan MC: tɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe exhausted from one's effort
    • vtoNcausativecause to be exhausted
    • vtoNcausativebe made tired of
    頓萃  dùn cuì MC: twonH dzwijH OC: tuuns sɡuds 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNmiddle voiceto tire oneself outLZ
    罷苦  pí kǔ OC: bral khaaʔ MC: biɛ khuo̝
    疲苦  pí kǔ OC: bral khaaʔ MC: biɛ khuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcausativecause to be tired out> tire out
    痡  pū OC: phaa MC: phuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viexhausted; ill ????????????????
    瘏  tú OC: ɡ-laa MC: duo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vibe exhausted; fatigue; suffering
    睡  shuì OC: djols MC: dʑiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viinchoativebecome tired; become sleepy
    瞌  kē OC: khaab MC: khɑp 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • viinchoativebecome sleepy, tired
    委頓  wěi dùn OC: qrolʔ tuuns MC: ʔiɛ tuo̝n 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe completely worn out
    作役  zuò yì OC: tsaaɡ ɢʷleɡ MC: tsɑk jiɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcausativewear out, tire out
    不道  bù dào OC: pɯʔ ɡ-luuʔ MC: pi̯ut dɑu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmedicalprecocious dilapidation
    虺  huī OC: qhluul MC: huo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe exhausted; tired
    隤  tuí OC: ɡ-luul MC: duo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe exhausted
    鞫  jū OC: kuɡ MC: kuk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe exhausted
    困頓  kùn dùn OC: khuuns tuuns MC: khuo̝n tuo̝n 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPito feel exhausted; be utterly exhausted
    劬  qú OC: ɡo MC: gi̯o 0 Attributions

    Qú 劬, a very poetic word, and the less poetic qín 勤, focus on the effort that brings about tiredness.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe very weary as a result of hard work; work very hard so as to get exhausted
    敗  bài OC: braads MC: bɣɛi 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNworn-out
    沒  mò OC: mɯɯd MC: muot 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe exhausting
    痯  guǎn OC: koonʔ MC: kʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe worn-out; be exhausted
    癉  dān OC: taan MC: tɑn
    殫  dān OC: taan MC: tɑn 0 Attributions

    Dān 殫 refers not so much to the subjective feeling of exhaustion as to the objective inability to continue an activity for lack of further energy.

    • Pulse Diagnosis in Early Chinese Medicine ( HSU 2010) p. 393

      Syntactic words
    • vadNexhausted
    累  lèi OC: ruuls MC: luo̝i 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vi???? [LAO]
    • vichangebecome tired
    累  lèi OC: rols MC: liɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vilate colloquial, post-Han: tired