STOP  停止止

ACT so as NOT to CONTINUE NOW:present ACTION.
CEASEDISCONTINUEDESIST FROMBREAK OFFGIVE UPABANDONABSTAIN FROMCUT OUTINFORMAL QUITLEAVE OFFKNOCK OFFPACK INLAY OFFGIVE OVER.PUT AN END/STOP/HALT TOBRING TO AN END/STOP/HALT/CLOSE/STANDSTILLENDHALTFINISHTERMINATEDISCONTINUECUT SHORTINTERRUPTNIP IN THE BUDDEACTIVATESHUT DOWN
Antonym
  • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
    • CONTINUEACT OR EXIST RESEMBLE>as one has in the INTENSELY>very NEAR PAST.
      • ARISEThe EVENT that something BEGINS to EXIST.
        Hypernym
        • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
          • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
            • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2.
              • EVENTREALITY that ARISES in TIME....
        See also
        • ENDLATE LIMIT of a PERIOD OR REACH the LATE LIMIT of a PERIOD.
          Hyponym
          • BEGIN　ENDURINGLY STOP NOT to ACT OR to BE RESEMBLING:as in the PAST.
            • BIRTH　BEGINNING of LIFE....
            • FROM　BEGINING with in SPACE, in TIME.
            • OBTAIN　BEGIN to HAVE....
            • BECOME　BEGIN to BE something.
          • DIE　STOP LIVING.
            • DROWN　DIE BECAUSE of SINKING into WATER.
          • DISMISS　STOP EMPLOYING someone in a JOB.
            • DEMOTE　DISMISS so as to COMMAND to BECOME of MORE HUMBLE RANK.
          • DIVORCE　STOP one's MARRIAGE.
            • EXTINGUISH　CAUSE TO STOP BURNING.
              • HINDER　STOP from ACT:doing what someone or something INTENDS to ACT:do.
                • BLOCK　HINDER something by PUTTING something in a PLACE where it CAUSES THINGS which NORMALLY CAN MOVE in that PLACE NOT TO MOVE there.
                • FEND OFF　HINDER someone who ATTACKS so as to CAUSE him TO LEAVE.
                • GATE　MOBILE TIMBER HINDER:barrier IN a BIG HOLE THROUGH WHICH ONE WALKS so as to ENTER something.
                • RESTRAIN　HINDER from being UNRESTRAINED....
              • REST　STOP WORK.
                • SLEEP　REST INTENSELY so as to LACK AWARENESS.
              • SOBER UP　STOP CONTINUING being DRUNK.
                • RETIRE　STOP WORK ENDURINGLY.
                  • DISINTEGRATE　STOP BEING WHOLE
                    Old Chinese Criteria
                    1. The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary.

                    2. Definitive discontinuation, often of inanimate processes, is yǐ 已 (ant. zuò 作 "break into action"). See FINISH.

                    3. Bà 罷 is to deliberately discontinue a course of action one is embarked on, particularly a military action.

                    4. Ceasing in a human activity, for a while, is xí 息 and the somewhat rarer xiū 休 (all ant. zuò 作 "break into action").

                    5. Jué 絕 (ant. jì 繼 "continue") is to disrupt one's current (human) activity, and fèi 廢 (ant. qín 勤 "continue to make a serioues effort") is to discontinue such an acitivity permanently.

                    6. Shě 舍 (often negated) is to relent in a certain activity.

                    7. Chuò 輟 (ant.* láo 勞 "put in a continued honest effort") is temporary discontinuation of human action.

                    8. Zhì 滯 can be used to refer to the involuntary discontinuation in an activity.

                    9. Xiē1 歇 refers to the discontinuation of a process (like that of worrying).

                    Modern Chinese Criteria
                    停止

                    使停止

                    阻礙

                    止步

                    滯留

                    終止

                    逗

                    逗留

                    rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                    • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 14.28

                    • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 23

                    • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 140

                    • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

                    • “孟子”同義詞研究 ( MENGZI TONGYI 2002) p. 110

                    • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.124.89

                      FINIR.CESSER.DISCONTINUER

                    • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.351

                    Words

                    止  zhǐ OC: kljɯʔ MC: tɕɨ 89 AttributionsWD

                    The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary.

                      Syntactic words
                    • nabactdesisting; ceasing to do what one was doing
                    • viactstop walking or running
                    • viactdesist, cease; stop doing what one has been doing; not go or get through with a planned action
                    • viinchoativeget bogged down
                    • vt(+V[0])desist from doing what one was going to do
                    • vt(oN)stop a contextually determinate person
                    • vt(oN)deriveddecide not to do what one was going to doCH
                    • vt(oN)N=humanstop a contextually determinate person
                    • vt(oN)N=nonrefstop the contextually determinate object (in good time)
                    • vt(oV[0])changestop, fail to go on doing what one was doing; desist 
                    • vtoNcausativecause to stop; put a stop to
                    • vtoNcausativecause to desist from an intended course of action
                    • vtoNcausativeget to cease, try to stop N doing what he does;
                    • vtoNcausativecause to stop up in the process of walking, bring to a halt
                    • vtoNcausativemiddle voice/passive: be stopped
                    • vtoNpassivebe stoppedCH
                    • vtoNreflexive.自stop (oneself)
                    • vtoS止吾為俠"stop my being a Chinese Robin Hood": stop S from going onCH
                    • vttoN.+VtoSconativetry to stop somebody by saying SDS
                    絕  jué OC: dzod MC: dziɛt 44 AttributionsWD

                    Jué 絕 (ant. jì 繼 "continue") is to disrupt one's current (human) activity, and fèi 廢 (ant. qín 勤 "continue to make a serioues effort") is to discontinue such an acitivity permanently.

                      Word relations
                    • Ant: 繼/CONTINUE The most current general word for continuing to do something and also for continuing a tradition is jì 繼 (ant. jué 絕 "disrupt a tradition") which concentrates on the original thing that is being continued or made longer.
                    • Object: 祀/SACRIFICE Jì4 祀 is an archaic word which refers to the making of sacrificial offerings of wine and food to the spirits of Heaven, of Earth and to the ancestors, perhaps primarily and originally to the spirits of Heaven.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vadNpassivediscontinued, broken off
                    • viprocesscease; be cut short
                    • vt+V[0]stop (the current practice of) V-ing
                    • vtoNcausativecause to be discontinued, discontinue, cut off; put a stop to
                    • vtoNmiddle voicebe discontinued, be broken off
                    • vtoNpassivebe broken off by
                    • vtoNreflexive.自put an end to (oneself)
                    • vtt(oN1.)+N2omcut off the contextually determinate N1 from from N2, keep the determinate N1 away from N2
                    已  yǐ OC: k-lɯʔ MC: jɨ 34 AttributionsWD

                    Definitive discontinuation, often of inanimate processes, is yǐ 已 (ant. zuò 作 "break into action"). See FINISH.

                      Word relations
                    • Ant: 為/ACT Wéi 為 (ant. wú wéi 無為 "not engage in purposeful and result-orientated self-assertive action") focusses not on the act itself but primarily on the results achieved or aimed for. [OCCASIONAL], [PURPOSEFUL]
                    • Contrast: 止/STOP The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vadNof stopping (time etc)
                    • vi(0)that is the end of the matter (as in 而已)
                    • viactdesist, give it a break; stop at a certain point, leave it at that, leave things as they are and do nothing about them
                    • visubj=nonhumantypically of situations and conditions: stop, cease, finish
                    • vt+prep+Vto stop at V-ingLZ
                    • vt+V[0]exhortativestop V-ingCH
                    • vtoNcausativeput a stop to
                    輟  chuò OC: krlod MC: ʈiɛt 18 AttributionsWD

                    Chuò 輟 (ant.* láo 勞 "put in a continued honest effort") is temporary discontinuation of human action.

                      Word relations
                    • Epithet: 不/NOT
                    • Synon: 休/STOP Ceasing in a human activity, for a while, is xí 息 and the somewhat rarer xiū 休 (all ant. zuò 作 "break into action").

                      Syntactic words
                    • vt(+V[0])stop doing what one is doing
                    • vt+V[0]stop (doing something) 輟行 "stop walking"
                    • vtoNdiscontinue, cease (a military campaign)
                    罷  bà OC: breelʔ MC: bɣɛ 17 AttributionsWD

                    Bà 罷 is to deliberately discontinue a course of action one is embarked on, particularly a military action.

                      Word relations
                    • Subject: 戰/BATTLE The general term is zhàn 戰 (ant. hé 和 "ceasing of hostilities, ceasefire") and refers to any military engagement at a given time. [GENERAL], [TEMPORARY]

                      Syntactic words
                    • viactcease, cease to operate; desist; relax specifically: relent at (a place)
                    • viperfectivecease, come to an end
                    • vtoNstop at, encamp at
                    • vtoNfinish, discontinue (a hunt etc)CH
                    • vtoNcausativecause to cease (military action); relieve ( a siege); discontinue; abolish (a monopoly)
                    休  xiū OC: qhu MC: hɨu 16 AttributionsWD

                    Ceasing in a human activity, for a while, is xí 息 and the somewhat rarer xiū 休 (all ant. zuò 作 "break into action").

                      Word relations
                    • Synon: 輟/STOP Chuò 輟 (ant.* láo 勞 "put in a continued honest effort") is temporary discontinuation of human action.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vadN(time) when one stops
                    • viactdesist, cease; stop going on
                    • vtoNcausativeget to stop; put an end to
                    • vtoNreflexive.自stop oneselfCH
                    禁  jìn OC: krɯms MC: kim 15 AttributionsWD

                      Word relations
                    • Assoc: 止/STOP The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary.
                    • Synon: 止/STOP The standard current word for ceasing in an activity is zhǐ 止 (ant. xíng 行 "carry on with"), and this word can to any concrete or abstract activity; the ceasing may be final or temporary.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vt+V[0]prevent (V-ing), stop (V-ing) by others
                    • vtoNprevent
                    • vtoNPab{S}prevent NP-ing
                    • vtoNpassive, middle voicebe interdicted; be prevented, be stopped; 
                    息  xī OC: sqlɯɡ MC: sɨk 14 AttributionsWD

                    Ceasing in a human activity, for a while, is xí 息 and the somewhat rarer xiū 休 (all ant. zuò 作 "break into action").

                      Syntactic words
                    • viactstop an activity; be inactive, be non-functional, cease to function, cease to be practised (e.g. the law)
                    • vt+V[0]stop V-ingDS
                    • vtoNput a stop to
                    • vtoNcausativeput to rest > cause to cease, stop
                    • vtoNcausativecause to rest 可息"can be made to cease"
                    斷  duàn OC: doonʔ MC: dʷɑn 14 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • viactinterrupt oneself in doing what one is doing
                    • vt+V[0]stop V-ing
                    • vtoNstop; put a stop to
                    • vtoNfigurativecut oneself of from, desist from; abstain from
                    • vtoNfigurativebe cut off (with abstract nouns)
                    廢  fèi OC: pods MC: pi̯ɐi 9 AttributionsWD

                      Word relations
                    • Ant: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]
                    • Ant: 行/ACT The current general word for any deliberate action one may be held morally and/or administratively responsible for is xíng 行 (ant. zhǐ 止 "decide not to take action"). The nominal entries have the old reading xìng. [COMMENDATORY!], [GENERAL], [HABITUAL], [RESPONSIBLE]

                      Syntactic words
                    • viactgive up, cease
                    • vt(+V[0])cease (V-ing)
                    • vt+V[0]cease to do; stop to do something, abandon an activity
                    弭  mǐ OC: meʔ MC: miɛ 9 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNput an end to; stop; reduce radically
                    • vtoNpassivebe stopped
                    • vtoNreflexive.自cause (oneself) to stop
                    舍  shě OC: lʰaʔ MC: ɕɣɛ 8 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • viactstop; desist, give up one's ways, give up one's efforts
                    • vtoNgive up on (an activity one is egaged in)
                    歇  xiē OC: qhad MC: hi̯ɐt 7 AttributionsWD

                    Xiē1 歇 refers to the discontinuation of a process (like that of worrying).

                      Word relations
                    • Synon: 竭/EXHAUST Jié 竭 (ant. yíng 盈 "leave plenty of something") typically refers to the using up of what one has in one, or what one owns.

                      Syntactic words
                    • viprocesscease, come to a stop (of abstract activities)
                    • vt(oN)causativecause to cease / rest > stop, bring to a rest
                    • vtoNcausativecause to cease > stop; put to rest
                    住  zhù OC: tos MC: ʈi̯o 5 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vpostadVverbal complement indicating the stopping or "freezing" of a movement or action
                    • vtoNpost-Han: stop, desist
                    停  tíng OC: deeŋ MC: deŋ 5 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vadNTYM: stopping> hovering (of clouds)
                    • viZZ 190: be at rest (as still water); stop and rest for a while, come to a stop
                    • vipost-vt{NEG}.postadVstop
                    • vtoNcausativecause to stop> bring to a halt, stop
                    • vtoNcolloquialcause to stop and rest > contain, accept ??
                    • vtoNN=placestop at
                    寢  qǐn OC: skhimʔ MC: tshim 5 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNstop (arms/warfare)
                    偃  yǎn OC: qanʔ MC: ʔi̯ɐn 4 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNstop (warfare), lay down (weapons)
                    卻  què OC: khaɡ MC: khi̯ɐk 4 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • viacthalt, stop
                    • vtoNcausativecause to stop
                    • vttoN.+V[0]prevent N from V-ing (with obligatory cumulative negation, as common in French)
                    既  jì OC: kɯds MC: kɨi 4 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vadVafter having; having finished; in absolute usage: after a while
                    解  jiě OC: kreeʔ MC: kɣɛ 4 AttributionsWD

                      Word relations
                    • Contrast: 除/REMOVE Chú 除 refers specifically to getting rid of something undesirable.

                      Syntactic words
                    • vichangediscontinue, cease
                    • vtoNdiscontinue
                    • vtoNcausativeunravel> cause to stop
                    霽  jì OC: tsiils MC: tsei 4 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vichangeabate or stop (of wind); clear away (of rain or clouds)
                    • vifigurativeHANSHU: abate (of anger)
                    不  bù OC: pɯʔ MC: pi̯ut 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vt+V[0]cease to V; start not to V
                    案  àn OC: qaans MC: ʔɑn 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNcause to stay put> hold back, stop (army)
                    遏  è OC: qaad MC: ʔɑt 3 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vt+V[0]stop V-ing
                    • vtoNabstop the Nab-ing
                    • vtoNpassivebe stoppedCH
                    畢  bì OC: pid MC: pit 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vicome to an end, finish with what one is doing
                    定  dìng OC: deeŋs MC: deŋ 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vistop
                    • vtoNstop using NLZ
                    頓  dùn MC: twonH OC: tuunsCH 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNpassive: be stopped, be hinderedCH
                    • vtoNstop, restrainCH
                    畫  huà MC: hweaH OC: ɢʷreeɡsCS 2 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • nabconativestandstillismCS
                    • viconativetry to stop, want to stop, want to give upCS
                    尼  ní OC: nil MC: ɳi 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNcausativeto obstruct (somebody); to make (somebody) to stop
                    艾  yì OC: ŋads MC: ŋi̯ɐi 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vichangecome to an end
                    蹕  bì OC: pid MC: pit 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • viactstop up as one is walking
                    • vtoNiussiveorder passers-by to stop
                    辭  cí OC: zɯ MC: zɨ 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNrefuse access
                    駐  zhù OC: tos MC: ʈi̯o 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNcausativestop, cease to move
                    抽身  chōu shēn OC: rlʰiw qhjin MC: ʈhɨu ɕin 1 AttributionWD
                    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 63

                      Tang poetry (白居易)

                      Syntactic words
                    • VPito cease one's activity, leave (one's work), retire
                    撫止  fǔ zhǐ OC: mʰaʔ kljɯʔ MC: phi̯o tɕɨ 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPtoNresultativetouch (someone's) arm so as to stop him in what he is doing
                    止泊  zhǐ bó OC: kljɯʔ blaaɡ MC: tɕɨ bɑk 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPadNstop and anchor > stopping in order to settle
                    • VPiactstop in order to settle
                    絕息  jué xī OC: dzod sqlɯɡ MC: dziɛt sɨk 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPtoNresultativedisrupt so as to put a stop to
                    遏折  è shé OC: qaad ɡljed MC: ʔɑt dʑiɛt 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPtoNreflexive.自stop oneself from doing what one is about to do
                    濟  jì 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • viactceaseCH
                    畫  huò MC: hweak OC: ɢʷreeɡCS 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • nconativestandstillismCS
                    絕祀  jué sì MC: -- ziX OC: dzod sɢlɯʔ 1 AttributionWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPiprocessdiscontinue state sacrifices> cease to exist ritually and politicallyCH
                    屯  zhūn OC: tun MC: ʈʷin
                    屯  tún OC: duun MC: duo̝n 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNstop (soldiers, horses etc, often for the night);
                    泊  bó OC: blaaɡ MC: bɑk 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • viactpost-Han: SANGUOZHI: stop on a boatride, moor
                    滯  zhì OC: dads MC: ɖiɛi 0 AttributionsWD

                    Zhì 滯 can be used to refer to the involuntary discontinuation in an activity.

                      Syntactic words
                    斷絕  duàn jué OC: doonʔ dzod MC: dʷɑn dziɛt 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPieventcease
                    酒闌  jiǔ lán OC: skluʔ ɡ-raan MC: tsɨu lɑn 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPiactthe wine runs out
                    駐足  zhù zú OC: tos tsoɡ MC: ʈi̯o tsi̯ok 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • VPiactstop walking
                    安  ān OC: qaan MC: ʔɑn 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNorder to stop; stop; order to remain in one place 安兵
                    窮  qióng OC: ɡʷɯŋ MC: guŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • viactcease doing what one has been doing
                    還  huán OC: ɡʷraan MC: ɦɣan 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vistop, cease
                      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vtoNbe stopped, be hinderedCH
                    釋  shì MC: syek OC: lʰaɡCH 0 AttributionsWD
                      Syntactic words
                    • vt( V(0))cease (doing what one is in the course of doing)CH

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