Taxonomy of meanings for 獻:　　

  • 獻 xiàn (OC: hŋans MC: hiɐn) 許建切 去 廣韻：【進也禮云大曰羮獻又姓風俗通有秦大夫獻則許建切四 】
    • SACRIFICE
      • vtoNoffer up at sacrifice or in sacrifice
      • generalised> HAND UP
        • vadNpassivehanded-up
        • vt(oN)offer the contextually determinate thing up as a gift
        • vtoNserve (food) politely (at meal)
        • vtoNfigurativepresent (oneself)> devote (oneself) to
        • vtoNgeneralhand over; formal: give to a person of higher status; make an offering to a superior (of something)
        • vtoNpassivebe handed up
        • vtpost-.VtoNoffer up N
        • vtt(oN1.)(+N2)hand up the contextually determinate object N1 to the contextually recipient N2
        • vtt(oN1.)+N2hand the contextually determinate N1 to N2
        • vtt(oN1.)+N2N1=recipientgive N2 to the contextually determiant recipient N1
        • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2omhand up the contextually determinate thing to (recipient N2)
        • vttoN1:postvtoN2hand (something) up to (someone)
        • vttoN1.+N2hand (something N1) up to (someone N2 of higher status)
        • vttoN1.+prep+N2hand up (something N1) as a formal offering to (a beneficiary N2); offer to give; give politely (to superiors or inferiors)有獻不死之藥於荊王者
        • vttoN1(.+prep+N2)omhand up (something N1) to a contextually determinate beneficiary N2
        • vt[oN]offer up a ceremonial cup
        • vttoN1. prep N2passivebe handed up to N2CH
        • vtt(oN1.) prep N2passivebe handed up toCH
        • vtt(oN1.)+N2imperativehand up N2 to the contextually determinate N1CH
        • to humans> GIFT
          • ngift to superiors, offering
        • social> TOAST
          • vtoNoffer a first toast to the guest
          • vt(oN)offer a toast to the contextually determinate guest N
        • for inspection> SHOW
          • vtoNdisplay politely for everyone to see; present to a person in authority or in a temple
    • RULERS OF JIN
      • RULERS OF LIU
        • RULERS OF LU
          • RULERS OF WEY
            • RULERS OF ZHENG
              • =賢 HERO
              • 獻 suō (OC: sŋaal MC: sɑ) 素何切 平 廣韻：【獻罇見禮記亦作犧 】
              • 獻 xi１《集韻》虛宜切，平支曉。
                • 獻 niè (OC: ŋrad MC: ŋɯiɛt) 魚列切 入 廣韻：【 】

                  Additional information about 獻

                  說文解字: 【獻】，宗廟犬名羹獻，犬肥者以獻之。从犬、鬳聲。 【許建切】

                    Criteria
                  • HAND UP

                    1. The current general word for handing something up to superiors is xiàn 獻 (ant. cì 賜 "present to inferior").

                    2. Jìn 進 is a very common bureaucratic word for submitting something to a superior.

                    3. Fèng 奉 is a rather dramatic word depicting a person handing something up with both hands (possibly with the intention of making a formal gift of it, xiàn 獻.

                    4. Nà 納 is a cold strictly bureaucratic term referring to the handing some upwards in the hierarchy.

                    5. Gòng 貢 refers to the formal and ritual handing up or pledging of something to high authorities (typically tribute) in the course of one's ritual or political duties (the two being not held apart in ancient Chinese society). This tribute may even consist of lands or populations.

                    6. Bǐng 稟 refers to handing up something to high authority (typically reports) with a show of extreme but customary deferential politeness.

                    7. Xiào 效 typically refers to the offering up of abstract things such as effort on behalf of high authority.

                    8. Zòu 奏 refers to the formal submission of a text to the highest authorities, and typically to the emperor.

                    9. Shàng 上 is a neutral word referring to the submission of anything to someone higher up in the official hierarchy.

                    10. Gōng 供／共 refers to the provision of what is necessary to the higher authorities.

                    11. Nà 納 is to hand in formally to the authorities.

                  • TOAST

                    1. The host offering a first toast to his guest is xiàn 獻 (xiàn jiǔ 獻酒 ) "offer a toast to the guest".

                    2. The guest toasting back at a feast is zuò 醋 / 酢 "offer a toast back to the host".

                    3. The host responding to the guest's toast is chóu 酬 "toast back to the guest".

                  • GIFT

                    NB: all the words below are derived from semantically corresponding verbs for to give and could be subsumed under these:

                    1. The general current word for any generous gift is cì 賜, and the general completely neutral term for a gift is wèi 遺.

                    2. Huì 賄 and lù 賂 are words for "gift" which is often given with an ulterior purpose, and the word regularly comes to mean "bribe", especially in the current binome huì lù 賄賂 "bribe".

                    3. Kuì 饋 refers to a ritual gift.

                    4. Xiàn 獻 is occasionally used for a gift to superiors.

                  • DREAM

                    1. The current standard word for a dream is mèng 夢.

                    2. Xiōng mèng 凶夢 refers to a nightmare.

                    ZHOULI 3 占夢：掌其歲時，觀天地之會，辨陰陽之氣。以日月星辰占六夢之吉凶，一曰正夢，二曰噩夢，三曰思夢，四曰寤夢，五曰喜夢，六曰懼夢。季冬，聘王夢，獻吉夢于王，王拜而受之。乃舍萌于四方，以贈惡夢，遂令始難驅疫。

                    Word relations
                  • Contrast: (HAND UP)貢/HAND UP Gòng 貢 refers to the formal and ritual handing up or pledging of something to high authorities (typically tribute) in the course of one's ritual or political duties (the two being not held apart in ancient Chinese society). This tribute may even consist of lands or populations.
                  • Assoc: (HAND UP)貢/HAND UP Gòng 貢 refers to the formal and ritual handing up or pledging of something to high authorities (typically tribute) in the course of one's ritual or political duties (the two being not held apart in ancient Chinese society). This tribute may even consist of lands or populations.
                  • Assoc: (HAND UP)貢/HAND UP Gòng 貢 refers to the formal and ritual handing up or pledging of something to high authorities (typically tribute) in the course of one's ritual or political duties (the two being not held apart in ancient Chinese society). This tribute may even consist of lands or populations.