HERO    英雄雄

ADMIRED PERSON of INTENSELY EXCELLENT TALENT AND EXCELLENT REPUTATION EVERYWHERE.
SAGEWISE MAN/WOMANLEARNED PERSONPHILOSOPHERTHINKERSCHOLARSAVANTAUTHORITYEXPERTGURUBRAVE PERSONBRAVE MAN/WOMANMAN/WOMAN OF COURAGEMAN/WOMAN OF THE HOURLIONHEARTWARRIORKNIGHTCHAMPIONVICTORCONQUEROR
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general term for a person of almost superhuman strength or talent is xióng 雄 (ant. yōng 庸 "ordinary person"). 2. Jié 傑 / 桀 refers to an outstanding hero. 3. Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure. 4. Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkable figure towering above ordinary man. 5. Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength. 6. Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人. 7. Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents. WENZI, shangli: 智過百人謂之杰，十人謂之豪，千人謂之俊，萬人謂之英。 HUAINAN, taizu: 故智過萬人者謂之英，千人者謂之俊，百人者謂之豪，十人者謂之杰。
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 43. 才智出眾者。 英，重在美好。 俊，重在高超。 雄，重在才力。 傑，重在特異。 彥，重在聲聞。 髦，重在突出，常用作語素。 選，重在優勝。 哲，重在智慧和理性。
Modern Chinese Criteria
英雄 豪杰 豪俊 英豪 英杰 英物 好漢 烈士 志士 梟雄 雄長 好身手 奇男子 refers to a remarkable or outstanding individual in a traditionalist way. 英雄豪杰 英雄好漢 英雄氣概 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • GENIUS　HERO of EXTREME PHILOSOPHICAL OR LITERARY CREATIVE TALENT (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ORDINARYCOMMON AND INFERIOR to what is EXCELLENT.
See also
  • GOODEXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL.
  • INTELLIGENTSKILLFUL IN-RELATION-TO UNDERSTANDING and DECIDING.
  • EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
  • LEADCONTROL so as to CAUSE TO FOLLOW OR OBEY oneself.
Hypernym
  • PERSON　HUMAN as an ABSTRACT THING which FEELS, THINKS AND DECIDES, AND HAS RIGHTS AND DUTIES. (anc: 7/0, child: 4)
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 497

    GENIE

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 93

  • Le culte des grands hommes ( MINOIS 2005) p.

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1614

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.1043

    HELD, HEROS

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 207

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    CULTURE HERO

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.335:224

    HEROS.GRAND HOMME

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 39

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 66A

    • Words (42 items)

    聖人  shèng rén OC: qhljeŋs njin MC: ɕiɛŋ ȵin 212 Attributions

      Syntactic words
    • NP[=NPpr]definitethe sage FAYAN 21.1 聖人之術 "the art of the Sage (i.e. Confucius)" (with tensed predicate)
    • NP[=Npr]Confucius, the sageCH
    • NPabbecoming/being a sage, "sageliness"LZ
    • NPindefinitea sage; any sage (with tensed predicate)
    • NPindefinitesome sages (with tensed predicate)
    • NPironicthe so-called "sage"CH
    • NPnonreferentiala sage; the person of extraordinary and creative talent (with untensed predicate)
    • NPplural, definitethe sages (of antiquity) (enumerable, with tensed predicate)
    • NPpost-Nsuperlativethe greatest sage in N
    • NPpost-V{NUM}sages
    • NP{PRED}be a sage (not: be THE sage) (tensed)
    賢人  xián rén OC: ɡiin njin MC: ɦen ȵin 124 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdefinitethe worthies (of a given time and/or place)
    • NPindefinitea worthy, any worthy; some worthies (with tensed predicate)
    • NPindefinitea certain worthy (whose name is unmentioned but possibly retrievable from context)
    • NPnonreferentialthe worthy person
    • NPpost-Ndefinitethe most worthy of the N; the most worthy in the N; a worthy on the N scale
    • NPsuperlativesuperb worthy
    • NP{PRED}be a worthy
    真人  zhēn rén OC: tjin njin MC: tɕin ȵin 30 Attributions
    • Grundbegriffe der altchinesischen Philosophie ( UNGER 2000) p. ２

      Syntactic words
    • NPauthentic person; the veritable man; the man who is true to himself; the man who has realised himself; a person who has truly realised his potential
    • NPreferential: the (above-mentioned) veritable manCH
    • NPnonreferentialthe authentic man; the veritable man; the man true to himselfCH
    先聖  xiān shèng OC: sɯɯn qhljeŋs MC: sen ɕiɛŋ 20 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vadN}pluralthe earliest/early/first sages
    • NP{vadN}singularthe earlier sage
    大人  dà rén OC: daads njin MC: dɑi ȵin 17 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 小人/BAD
    • Oppos: 弟子/STUDENT Dì zǐ 弟子 refers rather intimately to disciples of a master as the object of his affection.3

      Syntactic words
    • NPgreat men (versus 細人　petty men)CH
    • NPnonreferentialgreat men; the great man
    • NPreferentialthe great man (contextually determinate)
    • NP{PRED}be a great man, be a hero
    至人  zhì rén OC: kljiɡs njin MC: tɕi ȵin 13 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnon-referential: the ulitmate man; the perfect man
    • NPindefinitea perfect manCH
    • NP{PRED}be a perfect personCH
    雄  xióng OC: ɢʷɯŋ MC: ɦuŋ 12 Attributions

    The current general term for a person of almost superhuman strength or talent is xióng 雄 (ant. yōng 庸 "ordinary person").

      Syntactic words
    • nhero; outstanding personality 兩雄
    • nadNvaliant, heroic
    • nadVanalogyhero-like> heroically
    • vtoNattitudinaltreat as heroes
    其人  qí rén OC: ɡɯ njin MC: gɨ ȵin 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialthe right person (for a typically important task or purpose)
    神人  shén rén OC: ɢljin njin MC: ʑin ȵin 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnon-referential: divine being; supernaturally endowed person
    • NPreferential: the (contextually determinate) Spiritual ManCH
    傑  jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt
    杰  jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt 7 Attributions

    Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 俊 / 雋/HERO Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.
    • Assoc: 豪/HERO Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.
    • Synon: 俊 / 雋/HERO Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.

      Syntactic words
    • nHUAINAN: hero of the lowest order; hero
    聖  shèng OC: qhljeŋs MC: ɕiɛŋ 5 Attributions

    Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 不肖/INCOMPETENT The most current and general word for incompetence is bù xiào 不肖 (ant. xián 賢 "distinguished talent").

      Syntactic words
    • ncultural hero; sage
    • n=NprtitleSaint (e.g. Saint Thomas)
    • nadNadjectivalsagelyCH
    • nadNnominal, plural, definiteof the sagesCH
    • npost-NsageCH
    • n{PRED}be a hero
    成人  chéng rén OC: djeŋ njin MC: dʑiɛŋ ȵin 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPaccomplished person; successful people
    英  yīng OC: qraŋ MC: ʔɣaŋ 4 Attributions

    Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure.

      Syntactic words
    • nhero of the first order; hero
    豪  háo OC: ɡoow MC: ɦɑu 4 Attributions

    Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 傑 / 杰/HERO Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

      Syntactic words
    • nHUAINAN, taizu: hero of the third order; hero; SJ: (talented) heroes
    • v[adN]heroCH
    英傑  yīng jié OC: qraŋ ɡrad MC: ʔɣaŋ giɛt
    英杰  yīng jié OC: qraŋ ɡrad MC: ʔɣaŋ giɛt 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPhero; excellent person, elite
    丈夫  zhàng fū OC: daŋʔ pa MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ pi̯o 3 Attributions
    • () p.

    • Digital Dictionary of Buddhism ( MULLER) p.

      Syntactic words
    • NPconsiderable person, significant personality
    • NPadNbuddhistBUDDH: heroic > of a zealous disciple, of a person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Zen Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and idial of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
    • NPbuddhistBUDDH: hero > zealous disciple, person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Zen Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and idial of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
    • vibe a person worth one's salt 無毒不丈夫
    俊  jùn OC: skluns MC: tsʷin
    雋  juàn OC: dzonʔ MC: dziɛn 3 Attributions

    Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.
    • Assoc: 傑 / 杰/HERO Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
    • Synon: 傑 / 杰/HERO Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

      Syntactic words
    • nHUAINAN: hero of the second order; hero
    • nabfeatureheroic talent, outstanding talent
    聖尊  shèng zūn OC: qhljeŋs tsuun MC: ɕiɛŋ tsuo̝n 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPsage
    豪杰  háo jié OC: ɡoow ɡrad MC: ɦɑu giɛt
    豪桀  háo jié OC: ɡoow ɡrad MC: ɦɑu giɛt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNhero-like, extraordinarily skilful or talented
    • NP{vadN}nonreferentialmen of extraordinary talent
    無位真人  wú wèi zhēn rén OC: ma ɢrubs tjin njin MC: mi̯o ɦi tɕin ȵin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhistBUDDH: the true man without rank (one of the key terms in 臨濟 Linji's teaching)
    俊傑  jùn jié OC: skluns ɡrad MC: tsʷin giɛt 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}nonreferentialhero
    俊士  jùn shì OC: skluns dzrɯʔ MC: tsʷin ɖʐɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialworthies, eminent personalities
    賢  xián OC: ɡiin MC: ɦen 1 Attribution

    Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents.

      Syntactic words
    • nhero one grade above the yīng 英. 
    雄俊  xióng jùn OC: ɢʷɯŋ skluns MC: ɦuŋ tsʷin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPhero
    魁士  kuí shì OC: khuul dzrɯʔ MC: khuo̝i ɖʐɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPoutstanding personality
    雄杰  xióng jié OC: ɢʷɯŋ ɡrad MC: ɦuŋ giɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPremarkable hero
    英俊  yīng jùn MC: 'jaeng tswinH OC: qraŋ skluns 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralheroic menCH
    上人  shàng rén OC: ɡljaŋs njin MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ȵin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsupreme people
    豪俊  háo jùn MC: haw tswinH OC: ɡoow skluns 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPespecially distinguished people, outstanding peopleCH
    勇士  yǒng shì MC: yowngX dzriX OC: k-loŋʔ dzrɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadNhero's; belonging to a heroDS
    大丈夫兒  dà zhàng fū ér OC: daads daŋʔ pa ŋje MC: dɑi ɖi̯ɐŋ pi̯o ȵiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhistBUDDH: hero > zealous disciple, person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Chán Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and the ideal of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
    英雄  yīng xióng OC: qraŋ ɢʷɯŋ MC: ʔɣaŋ ɦuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialpersons possessed of heroic qualities, a person possessing heroic qualities
    名人  míng rén OC: meŋ njin MC: miɛŋ ȵin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP(justly) famous pesonality
    烈士  liè shì OC: b-red dzrɯʔ MC: liɛt ɖʐɨ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialhero; remarkable person
    茂  mào OC: moos MC: mu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nBAIHUTONG: modestly heroic figure of the lowest grade
    選  xuǎn OC: sqonʔ MC: siɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nBAIHUTONG: modestly heroic figure of the second-lowest grade
    大聖  dà shèng OC: daads qhljeŋs MC: dɑi ɕiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPreference=Confuciusthe Great Sage (i.e. Confucius)
    彥  yàn OC: ŋrans MC: ŋiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npoetic, archaic, SHI: universally admired hero
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPheroic menCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralheroic menCH
    桀  jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt 0 Attributions

    Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

      Syntactic words
    • nhero
    前聖  qián shèng OC: dzeen qhljeŋs MC: dzen ɕiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialformer sages