HERO 英雄雄
ADMIRED PERSON of INTENSELY EXCELLENT TALENT AND EXCELLENT REPUTATION EVERYWHERE.
SAGEWISE MAN/WOMANLEARNED PERSONPHILOSOPHERTHINKERSCHOLARSAVANTAUTHORITYEXPERTGURUBRAVE PERSONBRAVE MAN/WOMANMAN/WOMAN OF COURAGEMAN/WOMAN OF THE HOURLIONHEARTWARRIORKNIGHTCHAMPIONVICTORCONQUEROR
Antonym
- ORDINARYCOMMON AND INFERIOR to what is EXCELLENT.
Hypernym
- PERSONHUMAN as an ABSTRACT THING which FEELS, THINKS AND DECIDES, AND HAS RIGHTS AND DUTIES.
See also
- GOODEXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL.
- INTELLIGENTSKILLFUL IN-RELATION-TO UNDERSTANDING and DECIDING.
- EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
- LEADCONTROL so as to CAUSE TO FOLLOW OR OBEY oneself.
Hyponym
- GENIUS HERO of EXTREME PHILOSOPHICAL OR LITERARY CREATIVE TALENT
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general term for a person of almost superhuman strength or talent is xióng 雄 (ant. yōng 庸 "ordinary person").
2. Jié 傑 / 桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
3. Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure.
4. Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkable figure towering above ordinary man.
5. Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.
6. Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人.
7. Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents.
WENZI, shangli: 智過百人謂之杰，十人謂之豪，千人謂之俊，萬人謂之英。
HUAINAN, taizu: 故智過萬人者謂之英，千人者謂之俊，百人者謂之豪，十人者謂之杰。
2. Jié 傑 / 桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
3. Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure.
4. Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkable figure towering above ordinary man.
5. Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.
6. Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人.
7. Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents.
WENZI, shangli: 智過百人謂之杰，十人謂之豪，千人謂之俊，萬人謂之英。
HUAINAN, taizu: 故智過萬人者謂之英，千人者謂之俊，百人者謂之豪，十人者謂之杰。
黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 43. 才智出眾者。
英，重在美好。
俊，重在高超。
雄，重在才力。
傑，重在特異。
彥，重在聲聞。
髦，重在突出，常用作語素。
選，重在優勝。
哲，重在智慧和理性。
英，重在美好。
俊，重在高超。
雄，重在才力。
傑，重在特異。
彥，重在聲聞。
髦，重在突出，常用作語素。
選，重在優勝。
哲，重在智慧和理性。
Modern Chinese Criteria
英雄
豪杰
豪俊
英豪
英杰
英物
好漢
烈士
志士
梟雄
雄長
好身手
奇男子 refers to a remarkable or outstanding individual in a traditionalist way.
英雄豪杰
英雄好漢
英雄氣概
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
豪杰
豪俊
英豪
英杰
英物
好漢
烈士
志士
梟雄
雄長
好身手
奇男子 refers to a remarkable or outstanding individual in a traditionalist way.
英雄豪杰
英雄好漢
英雄氣概
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
- Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles
(
CASSIN 2004)
p.
497 GENIE
- 論衡同義詞研究
(
LUNHENG TONGYI 2004)
p.
93 - Le culte des grands hommes ( MINOIS 2005) p.
- Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise
(
REY 2005)
p.
2.1614 - Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie
(
RITTER 1971-2007)
p.
3.1043 HELD, HEROS
- 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci
(
WU SANXING 2008)
p.
207 - Encyclopedia of Religion
(
JONES 2005)
p.
CULTURE HERO
- SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse
(
GIRARD 1769)
p.
2.335:224 HEROS.GRAND HOMME
- 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典
(
HONG CHENGYU 2009)
p.
39 - Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung
(
FRANKE 1989)
p.
66A
Words
聖人 shèng rén OC: qhljeŋs njin MC: ɕiɛŋ ȵin 210 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 凡夫/ORDINARY
ordinary person - Ant: 愚人/STUPID
- Ant: 暴君/TYRANT
- Ant: 眾人 / 衆人/HUMAN
- Ant: 小人/BAD
- Ant: 百姓/PEOPLE
Bǎi xìng 百姓 (ant. jūn zhǔ 君主 "ruler") typically refers to the registered senior families in a state who are under the control of the ruler and contribute taxes as well as military service to him; but from earliest times this term was occasionally used to refer generally to the populace at large. - Contrast: 君子/GENTLEMAN
Jūn zǐ 君子 can focus on nobility of birth and social status. - Contrast: /
- Contrast: 賢者/TALENT
- Oppos: 諸子/PHILOSOPHER
- Syntactic words
- NP[=NPpr]definitethe sage FAYAN 21.1 聖人之術 "the art of the Sage (i.e. Confucius)" (with tensed predicate)
- NP[=Npr]Confucius, the sageCH
- NPabbecoming/being a sage, "sageliness"LZ
- NPindefinitea sage; any sage (with tensed predicate)
- NPindefinitesome sages (with tensed predicate)
- NPironicthe so-called "sage"CH
- NPnonreferentiala sage; the person of extraordinary and creative talent (with untensed predicate)
- NPplural, definitethe sages (of antiquity) (enumerable, with tensed predicate)
- NPpost-Nsuperlativethe greatest sage in N
- NPpost-V{NUM}sages
- NP{PRED}be a sage (not: be THE sage) (tensed)
賢人 xián rén OC: ɡiin njin MC: ɦen ȵin 124 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPdefinitethe worthies (of a given time and/or place)
- NPindefinitea worthy, any worthy; some worthies (with tensed predicate)
- NPindefinitea certain worthy (whose name is unmentioned but possibly retrievable from context)
- NPnonreferentialthe worthy person
- NPpost-Ndefinitethe most worthy of the N; the most worthy in the N; a worthy on the N scale
- NPsuperlativesuperb worthy
- NP{PRED}be a worthy
真人 zhēn rén OC: tjin njin MC: tɕin ȵin 30 AttributionsWD
- Grundbegriffe der altchinesischen Philosophie
(
UNGER 2000)
p.
２
- Syntactic words
- NPauthentic person; the veritable man; the man who is true to himself; the man who has realised himself; a person who has truly realised his potential
- NPreferential: the (above-mentioned) veritable manCH
- NPnonreferentialthe authentic man; the veritable man; the man true to himselfCH
先聖 xiān shèng OC: sɯɯn qhljeŋs MC: sen ɕiɛŋ 20 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{vadN}pluralthe earliest/early/first sages
- NP{vadN}singularthe earlier sage
大人 dà rén OC: daads njin MC: dɑi ȵin 17 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 小人/BAD
- Oppos: 弟子/STUDENT
Dì zǐ 弟子 refers rather intimately to disciples of a master as the object of his affection.3
- Syntactic words
- NPgreat men (versus 細人 petty men)CH
- NPnonreferentialgreat men; the great man
- NPreferentialthe great man (contextually determinate)
- NP{PRED}be a great man, be a hero
至人 zhì rén OC: kljiɡs njin MC: tɕi ȵin 13 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnon-referential: the ulitmate man; the perfect man
- NPindefinitea perfect manCH
- NP{PRED}be a perfect personCH
雄 xióng OC: ɢʷɯŋ MC: ɦuŋ 12 AttributionsWD
The current general term for a person of almost superhuman strength or talent is xióng 雄 (ant. yōng 庸 "ordinary person").
- Syntactic words
- nhero; outstanding personality 兩雄
- nadNvaliant, heroic
- nadVanalogyhero-like> heroically
- vtoNattitudinaltreat as heroes
其人 qí rén OC: ɡɯ njin MC: gɨ ȵin 10 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialthe right person (for a typically important task or purpose)
神人 shén rén OC: ɢljin njin MC: ʑin ȵin 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnon-referential: divine being; supernaturally endowed person
- NPreferential: the (contextually determinate) Spiritual ManCH
傑 jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt
杰 jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt 7 AttributionsWD
Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 俊 / 雋/HERO
Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man. - Assoc: 豪/HERO
Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength. - Synon: 俊 / 雋/HERO
Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.
- Syntactic words
- nHUAINAN: hero of the lowest order; hero
聖 shèng OC: qhljeŋs MC: ɕiɛŋ 5 AttributionsWD
Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人.
- Word relations
- Ant: 不肖/INCOMPETENT
The most current and general word for incompetence is bù xiào 不肖 (ant. xián 賢 "distinguished talent").
- Syntactic words
- ncultural hero; sage
- n=NprtitleSaint (e.g. Saint Thomas)
- nadNadjectivalsagelyCH
- nadNnominal, plural, definiteof the sagesCH
- npost-NsageCH
- n{PRED}be a hero
成人 chéng rén OC: djeŋ njin MC: dʑiɛŋ ȵin 5 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPaccomplished person; successful people
英 yīng OC: qraŋ MC: ʔɣaŋ 4 AttributionsWD
Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure.
- Word relations
- Synon: 傑 / 杰/HERO
Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
- Syntactic words
- nhero of the first order; hero
豪 háo OC: ɡoow MC: ɦɑu 4 AttributionsWD
Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.
- Word relations
- Assoc: 傑 / 杰/HERO
Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
- Syntactic words
- nHUAINAN, taizu: hero of the third order; hero; SJ: (talented) heroes
- v[adN]heroCH
英傑 yīng jié OC: qraŋ ɡrad MC: ʔɣaŋ giɛt
英杰 yīng jié OC: qraŋ ɡrad MC: ʔɣaŋ giɛt 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPhero; excellent person, elite
俊 jùn OC: skluns MC: tsʷin
雋 juàn OC: dzonʔ MC: dziɛn 3 AttributionsWD
Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.
- Word relations
- Ant: 愚/STUPID
The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude. - Assoc: 傑 / 杰/HERO
Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero. - Synon: 傑 / 杰/HERO
Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
- Syntactic words
- nHUAINAN: hero of the second order; hero
- nabfeatureheroic talent, outstanding talent
丈夫 zhàng fū OC: daŋʔ pa MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ pi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPconsiderable person, significant personality
- NPadNbuddhistBUDDH: heroic > of a zealous disciple, of a person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Zen Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and idial of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
- NPbuddhistBUDDH: hero > zealous disciple, person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Zen Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and idial of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
- vibe a person worth one's salt 無毒不丈夫
俊傑 jùn jié OC: skluns ɡrad MC: tsʷin giɛt 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NP{N1=N2}nonreferentialhero
聖尊 shèng zūn OC: qhljeŋs tsuun MC: ɕiɛŋ tsuo̝n 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPsage
豪杰 háo jié OC: ɡoow ɡrad MC: ɦɑu giɛt
豪桀 háo jié OC: ɡoow ɡrad MC: ɦɑu giɛt 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadNhero-like, extraordinarily skilful or talented
- NP{vadN}nonreferentialmen of extraordinary talent
無位真人 wú wèi zhēn rén OC: ma ɢrubs tjin njin MC: mi̯o ɦi tɕin ȵin 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPbuddhistBUDDH: the true man without rank (one of the key terms in 臨濟 Linji's teaching)
賢 xián OC: ɡiin MC: ɦen 1 AttributionWD
Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents.
- Syntactic words
- nhero one grade above the yīng 英.
上人 shàng rén OC: ɡljaŋs njin MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ȵin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPsupreme people
俊士 jùn shì OC: skluns dzrɯʔ MC: tsʷin ɖʐɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialworthies, eminent personalities
名人 míng rén OC: meŋ njin MC: miɛŋ ȵin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NP(justly) famous pesonality
英雄 yīng xióng OC: qraŋ ɢʷɯŋ MC: ʔɣaŋ ɦuŋ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialpersons possessed of heroic qualities, a person possessing heroic qualities
雄俊 xióng jùn OC: ɢʷɯŋ skluns MC: ɦuŋ tsʷin 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPhero
雄杰 xióng jié OC: ɢʷɯŋ ɡrad MC: ɦuŋ giɛt 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPremarkable hero
魁士 kuí shì OC: khuul dzrɯʔ MC: khuo̝i ɖʐɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPoutstanding personality
大丈夫兒 dà zhàng fū ér OC: daads daŋʔ pa ŋje MC: dɑi ɖi̯ɐŋ pi̯o ȵiɛ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPbuddhistBUDDH: hero > zealous disciple, person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Chán Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and the ideal of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
英俊 yīng jùn MC: 'jaeng tswinH OC: qraŋ sklunsCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralheroic menCH
豪俊 háo jùn MC: haw tswinH OC: ɡoow sklunsCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPespecially distinguished people, outstanding peopleCH
勇士 yǒng shì MC: yowngX dzriX OC: k-loŋʔ dzrɯʔDS 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPadNhero's; belonging to a heroDS
彥 yàn OC: ŋrans MC: ŋiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- npoetic, archaic, SHI: universally admired hero
桀 jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt 0 AttributionsWD
Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
- Syntactic words
- nhero
茂 mào OC: moos MC: mu 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nBAIHUTONG: modestly heroic figure of the lowest grade
選 xuǎn OC: sqonʔ MC: siɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nBAIHUTONG: modestly heroic figure of the second-lowest grade
前聖 qián shèng OC: dzeen qhljeŋs MC: dzen ɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialformer sages
大聖 dà shèng OC: daads qhljeŋs MC: dɑi ɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPreference=Confuciusthe Great Sage (i.e. Confucius)
烈士 liè shì OC: b-red dzrɯʔ MC: liɛt ɖʐɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPnonreferentialhero; remarkable person
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPheroic menCH
Click here to add pinyin MC: OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPpluralheroic menCH
Existing SW for
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