HERO  英雄雄

ADMIRED PERSON of INTENSELY EXCELLENT TALENT AND EXCELLENT REPUTATION EVERYWHERE.
SAGEWISE MAN/WOMANLEARNED PERSONPHILOSOPHERTHINKERSCHOLARSAVANTAUTHORITYEXPERTGURUBRAVE PERSONBRAVE MAN/WOMANMAN/WOMAN OF COURAGEMAN/WOMAN OF THE HOURLIONHEARTWARRIORKNIGHTCHAMPIONVICTORCONQUEROR
Antonym
  • ORDINARYCOMMON AND INFERIOR to what is EXCELLENT.
    Hypernym
    • PERSONHUMAN as an ABSTRACT THING which FEELS, THINKS AND DECIDES, AND HAS RIGHTS AND DUTIES.
      • HUMANANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS.
    See also
    • GOODEXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL.
      • INTELLIGENTSKILLFUL IN-RELATION-TO UNDERSTANDING and DECIDING.
        • EXCELLENTFEATURE BECAUSE of which SOMETHING OR SOMEONE IS OR SHOULD BE PREFERRED to OTHERS
          • LEADCONTROL so as to CAUSE TO FOLLOW OR OBEY oneself.
            Hyponym
            • GENIUS　HERO of EXTREME PHILOSOPHICAL OR LITERARY CREATIVE TALENT
              Old Chinese Criteria
              1. The current general term for a person of almost superhuman strength or talent is xióng 雄 (ant. yōng 庸 "ordinary person").

              2. Jié 傑 / 桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

              3. Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure.

              4. Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkable figure towering above ordinary man.

              5. Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.

              6. Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人.

              7. Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents.



              WENZI, shangli: 智過百人謂之杰，十人謂之豪，千人謂之俊，萬人謂之英。

              HUAINAN, taizu: 故智過萬人者謂之英，千人者謂之俊，百人者謂之豪，十人者謂之杰。

              黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
              HUANG JINGUI 2006 HUMAN AFFAIRS 43. 才智出眾者。

              英，重在美好。

              俊，重在高超。

              雄，重在才力。

              傑，重在特異。

              彥，重在聲聞。

              髦，重在突出，常用作語素。

              選，重在優勝。

              哲，重在智慧和理性。

              Modern Chinese Criteria
              英雄

              豪杰

              豪俊

              英豪

              英杰

              英物

              好漢

              烈士

              志士

              梟雄

              雄長

              好身手

              奇男子 refers to a remarkable or outstanding individual in a traditionalist way.

              英雄豪杰

              英雄好漢

              英雄氣概

              rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

              • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 497

                GENIE

              • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 93

              • Le culte des grands hommes ( MINOIS 2005) p.

              • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.1614

              • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 3.1043

                HELD, HEROS

              • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 207

              • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

                CULTURE HERO

              • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.335:224

                HEROS.GRAND HOMME

              • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 39

              • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 66A

              Attributions by syntactic funtion

              • NP : 382
              • NP{PRED} : 37
              • NP{vadN} : 22
              • n : 19
              • NPpost-N : 9
              • ncc : 7
              • nadN : 4
              • NPadN : 3
              • NP : 3
              • NP{N1=N2} : 2
              • npost-N : 1
              • NPab : 1
              • vtoN : 1
              • v[adN] : 1
              • n{PRED} : 1
              • NPpost-V{NUM} : 1
              • nab : 1
              • nadV : 1
              • NP=Npr : 1
              • NP[=NPpr] : 1

              Attributions by text

              • 韓非子 : 76
              • 荀子 : 62
              • 莊子 : 40
              • 淮南子 : 32
              • 管子 : 32
              • 論衡 : 29
              • 呂氏春秋 : 20
              • 法言 : 20
              • 韓詩外傳 : 20
              • 史記 : 18
              • 孟子 : 15
              • 阮籍集四卷 : 13
              • 戰國策 : 13
              • 太平經 : 11
              • 晏子春秋 : 9
              • 祖堂集 : 8
              • 說苑 : 7
              • 禮記 : 6
              • 論語 : 6
              • 新論-漢-桓譚 : 6
              • 孝經 : 5
              • 臨濟錄 : 5
              • 楚辭 : 5
              • 墨子 : 4
              • 列子 : 4
              • 春秋左傳 : 4
              • 五行 : 4
              • 尚書 : 3
              • 文子 : 3
              • 人物志三卷 : 3
              • 老子 : 2
              • 黃帝內經 : 2
              • 莊子集釋 : 2
              • 搜神記 : 1
              • 笑林一卷 : 1
              • 劉義慶世說新語 : 1
              • 春秋穀梁傳 : 1
              • 賢愚經 : 1
              • 周易 : 1
              • 妙法蓮華經 : 1
              • 六祖壇經 : 1
              • 古列女傳 : 1

              Words

              聖人  shèng rén OC: qhljeŋs njin MC: ɕiɛŋ ȵin 209 AttributionsWD

                Syntactic words
              • NP[=NPpr]definitethe sage FAYAN 21.1 聖人之術 "the art of the Sage (i.e. Confucius)" (with tensed predicate)
              • NP[=Npr]Confucius, the sageCH
              • NPabbecoming/being a sage, "sageliness"LZ
              • NPindefinitea sage; any sage (with tensed predicate)
              • NPindefinitesome sages (with tensed predicate)
              • NPironicthe so-called "sage"CH
              • NPnonreferentiala sage; the person of extraordinary and creative talent (with untensed predicate)
              • NPplural, definitethe sages (of antiquity) (enumerable, with tensed predicate)
              • NPpost-Nsuperlativethe greatest sage in N
              • NPpost-V{NUM}sages
              • NP{PRED}be a sage (not: be THE sage) (tensed)
              賢人  xián rén OC: ɡiin njin MC: ɦen ȵin 124 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPdefinitethe worthies (of a given time and/or place)
              • NPindefinitea worthy, any worthy; some worthies (with tensed predicate)
              • NPindefinitea certain worthy (whose name is unmentioned but possibly retrievable from context)
              • NPnonreferentialthe worthy person
              • NPpost-Ndefinitethe most worthy of the N; the most worthy in the N; a worthy on the N scale
              • NPsuperlativesuperb worthy
              • NP{PRED}be a worthy
              真人  zhēn rén OC: tjin njin MC: tɕin ȵin 30 AttributionsWD
              • Grundbegriffe der altchinesischen Philosophie ( UNGER 2000) p. ２

                Syntactic words
              • NPauthentic person; the veritable man; the man who is true to himself; the man who has realised himself; a person who has truly realised his potential
              • NPreferential: the (above-mentioned) veritable manCH
              • NPnonreferentialthe authentic man; the veritable man; the man true to himselfCH
              先聖  xiān shèng OC: sɯɯn qhljeŋs MC: sen ɕiɛŋ 20 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NP{vadN}pluralthe earliest/early/first sages
              • NP{vadN}singularthe earlier sage
              大人  dà rén OC: daads njin MC: dɑi ȵin 17 AttributionsWD

                Word relations
              • Ant: 小人/BAD
              • Oppos: 弟子/STUDENT Dì zǐ 弟子 refers rather intimately to disciples of a master as the object of his affection.3

                Syntactic words
              • NPgreat men (versus 細人　petty men)CH
              • NPnonreferentialgreat men; the great man
              • NPreferentialthe great man (contextually determinate)
              • NP{PRED}be a great man, be a hero
              至人  zhì rén OC: kljiɡs njin MC: tɕi ȵin 13 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPnon-referential: the ulitmate man; the perfect man
              • NPindefinitea perfect manCH
              • NP{PRED}be a perfect personCH
              雄  xióng OC: ɢʷɯŋ MC: ɦuŋ 12 AttributionsWD

              The current general term for a person of almost superhuman strength or talent is xióng 雄 (ant. yōng 庸 "ordinary person").

                Syntactic words
              • nhero; outstanding personality 兩雄
              • nadNvaliant, heroic
              • nadVanalogyhero-like> heroically
              • vtoNattitudinaltreat as heroes
              其人  qí rén OC: ɡɯ njin MC: gɨ ȵin 10 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPnonreferentialthe right person (for a typically important task or purpose)
              神人  shén rén OC: ɢljin njin MC: ʑin ȵin 8 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPnon-referential: divine being; supernaturally endowed person
              • NPreferential: the (contextually determinate) Spiritual ManCH
              傑  jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt
              杰  jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt 7 AttributionsWD

              Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

                Word relations
              • Assoc: 俊 / 雋/HERO Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.
              • Assoc: 豪/HERO Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.
              • Synon: 俊 / 雋/HERO Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.

                Syntactic words
              • nHUAINAN: hero of the lowest order; hero
              聖  shèng OC: qhljeŋs MC: ɕiɛŋ 5 AttributionsWD

              Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人.

                Word relations
              • Ant: 不肖/INCOMPETENT The most current and general word for incompetence is bù xiào 不肖 (ant. xián 賢 "distinguished talent").

                Syntactic words
              • ncultural hero; sage
              • n=NprtitleSaint (e.g. Saint Thomas)
              • nadNadjectivalsagelyCH
              • nadNnominal, plural, definiteof the sagesCH
              • npost-NsageCH
              • n{PRED}be a hero
              成人  chéng rén OC: djeŋ njin MC: dʑiɛŋ ȵin 5 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPaccomplished person; successful people
              英  yīng OC: qraŋ MC: ʔɣaŋ 4 AttributionsWD

              Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure.

                Syntactic words
              • nhero of the first order; hero
              豪  háo OC: ɡoow MC: ɦɑu 4 AttributionsWD

              Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.

                Word relations
              • Assoc: 傑 / 杰/HERO Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

                Syntactic words
              • nHUAINAN, taizu: hero of the third order; hero; SJ: (talented) heroes
              • v[adN]heroCH
              英傑  yīng jié OC: qraŋ ɡrad MC: ʔɣaŋ giɛt
              英杰  yīng jié OC: qraŋ ɡrad MC: ʔɣaŋ giɛt 4 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPhero; excellent person, elite
              俊  jùn OC: skluns MC: tsʷin
              雋  juàn OC: dzonʔ MC: dziɛn 3 AttributionsWD

              Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkably talented figure towering above ordinary man.

                Word relations
              • Ant: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.
              • Assoc: 傑 / 杰/HERO Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.
              • Synon: 傑 / 杰/HERO Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

                Syntactic words
              • nHUAINAN: hero of the second order; hero
              • nabfeatureheroic talent, outstanding talent
              丈夫  zhàng fū OC: daŋʔ pa MC: ɖi̯ɐŋ pi̯o 3 AttributionsWD
              • () p.

              • Digital Dictionary of Buddhism ( MULLER) p.

                Syntactic words
              • NPconsiderable person, significant personality
              • NPadNbuddhistBUDDH: heroic > of a zealous disciple, of a person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Zen Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and idial of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
              • NPbuddhistBUDDH: hero > zealous disciple, person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Zen Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and idial of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
              • vibe a person worth one's salt 無毒不丈夫
              俊傑  jùn jié OC: skluns ɡrad MC: tsʷin giɛt 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NP{N1=N2}nonreferentialhero
              聖尊  shèng zūn OC: qhljeŋs tsuun MC: ɕiɛŋ tsuo̝n 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPsage
              豪杰  háo jié OC: ɡoow ɡrad MC: ɦɑu giɛt
              豪桀  háo jié OC: ɡoow ɡrad MC: ɦɑu giɛt 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadNhero-like, extraordinarily skilful or talented
              • NP{vadN}nonreferentialmen of extraordinary talent
              無位真人  wú wèi zhēn rén OC: ma ɢrubs tjin njin MC: mi̯o ɦi tɕin ȵin 2 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPbuddhistBUDDH: the true man without rank (one of the key terms in 臨濟 Linji's teaching)
              賢  xián OC: ɡiin MC: ɦen 1 AttributionWD

              Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents.

                Syntactic words
              • nhero one grade above the yīng 英. 
              上人  shàng rén OC: ɡljaŋs njin MC: dʑi̯ɐŋ ȵin 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPsupreme people
              俊士  jùn shì OC: skluns dzrɯʔ MC: tsʷin ɖʐɨ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPnonreferentialworthies, eminent personalities
              名人  míng rén OC: meŋ njin MC: miɛŋ ȵin 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NP(justly) famous pesonality
              英雄  yīng xióng OC: qraŋ ɢʷɯŋ MC: ʔɣaŋ ɦuŋ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPnonreferentialpersons possessed of heroic qualities, a person possessing heroic qualities
              雄俊  xióng jùn OC: ɢʷɯŋ skluns MC: ɦuŋ tsʷin 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPhero
              雄杰  xióng jié OC: ɢʷɯŋ ɡrad MC: ɦuŋ giɛt 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPremarkable hero
              魁士  kuí shì OC: khuul dzrɯʔ MC: khuo̝i ɖʐɨ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPoutstanding personality
              大丈夫兒  dà zhàng fū ér OC: daads daŋʔ pa ŋje MC: dɑi ɖi̯ɐŋ pi̯o ȵiɛ 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPbuddhistBUDDH: hero > zealous disciple, person who presses forward unceasingly (the term 丈夫 and 大丈夫 were the subject of ardent discussions during the Song in Chán Buddhist circles; defined as somebody who is brave, tough, and persues his aims rigorously and without hesitation; for an excellent discussion of this term and the ideal of heroism and its relevance also for female practicioners in Zen Buddhism see LEVERING 1992)
              英俊  yīng jùn MC: 'jaeng tswinH OC: qraŋ sklunsCH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPpluralheroic menCH
              豪俊  háo jùn MC: haw tswinH OC: ɡoow sklunsCH 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPespecially distinguished people, outstanding peopleCH
              勇士  yǒng shì MC: yowngX dzriX OC: k-loŋʔ dzrɯʔDS 1 AttributionWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPadNhero's; belonging to a heroDS
              彥  yàn OC: ŋrans MC: ŋiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • npoetic, archaic, SHI: universally admired hero
              桀  jié OC: ɡrad MC: giɛt 0 AttributionsWD

              Jié 傑/桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

                Syntactic words
              • nhero
              茂  mào OC: moos MC: mu 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nBAIHUTONG: modestly heroic figure of the lowest grade
              選  xuǎn OC: sqonʔ MC: siɛn 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • nBAIHUTONG: modestly heroic figure of the second-lowest grade
              前聖  qián shèng OC: dzeen qhljeŋs MC: dzen ɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPnonreferentialformer sages
              大聖  dà shèng OC: daads qhljeŋs MC: dɑi ɕiɛŋ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPreference=Confuciusthe Great Sage (i.e. Confucius)
              烈士  liè shì OC: b-red dzrɯʔ MC: liɛt ɖʐɨ 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPnonreferentialhero; remarkable person
                Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPheroic menCH
                Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
                Syntactic words
              • NPpluralheroic menCH

              Existing SW for

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