GENTLEMAN  君子士

ADULT who is EDUCATED AND ABLE to BECOME an OFFICIAL.
Antonym
  • ORDINARYCOMMON AND INFERIOR to what is EXCELLENT.
    • HUMBLEINFERIOR OR MORE HUMBLE IN-RELATION-TO OTHERS.
      Hypernym
      • ADULTHUMAN who is SUFFICIENTLY OLD to ESTABLISH his/her SEPARATE HOME.
        • HUMANANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS.
      See also
      • GOODEXCELLENT in VIRTUE OR in IMPORTANT SKILL.
        Hyponym
        • RECLUSE　GENTLEMAN REFUSING to WORK as an OFFICIAL.
          • SCHOLAR　GENTLEMAN whose WORK IS STUDY.
            • CONFUCIAN　SCHOLAR who CONFORMS to the TRADITION of Confucius.
            • SPECIALIST　WORKER who is BELIEVED to have OBTAINED EXCELLENT ABILITIES FOR CERTAIN TASKS.
            • BUDDHIST　SCHOLAR who CONFORMS to the TRADITION of the Buddha.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          1. The current general term for a person of a certain social standing is shì 士 and this word often connotes specifically a certain level of education, particularly literacy. See INTELLECTUAL.

          2. Jūn zǐ 君子 can focus either on nobility of birth and social status. See alsounder GOOD the meaning "man of excellent character".

          3. Rú 儒 (opp. 墨 "Mohist"), literally "weakling", typically referred Late Warring States times to classicists, often from broadly Confucian circles.

          4. Xián 賢 (ant. 不肖 "person of inferior worth and talent") adds to the notion of an intellectual of some education that of special talent, and sometimes also of moral worth. See TALENT.

          5. Zhé 哲 emphasises advanced intellectual talents.

          6. Jiā 家 focusses on basic professionalism or expertise, but the term is rare in pre-Han times.

          7. Shēng 生 simply refers to literates.

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          君子

          高人

          介士

          吉士

          仁人君子

          正人君子

          仁人志士

          志士仁人

          謙謙君子

          耿介之士

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

            BONUS VIR

          • 中國文化史三百題 ( SANBAITI 1987) p. 127

          • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 163

          • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.389FF

            HOMME DE BIEN. HOMME D'HONNEUR.HONNETE HOMME

          Words

          君子  jūn zǐ OC: klun sklɯʔ MC: ki̯un tsɨ 245 AttributionsWD

          Jūn zǐ 君子 can focus on nobility of birth and social status.

            Word relations
          • Inconsist: 器/TOOL The general word for a tool for use of any kind is qì 器, but the primary meaning of the word remains "container, vessel". (For complex mechanical tools see CONTRAPTION.)
          • Ant: 匹夫/ORDINARY Pǐ fū 匹夫 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子 "gentleman; freeman") and the rarer xì rén 細人 is a purely sociological term referring to a person without public office.
          • Ant: 庶人/PEOPLE Shù rén 庶人 is the technical term for the non-office-holding commoners in a country.
          • Ant: 小民/PEOPLE
          • Ant: 小人/ORDINARY Xiǎo rén 小人 (ant. jūn zǐ 君子) is a term of moral or personal appraisal and refers to a person of minor worth or of no moral merit.
          • Ant: 野人/PEOPLE
          • Contrast: 聖人/HERO
          • Oppos: 野人/PEOPLE

            Syntactic words
          • NPabconceptbeing a gentlemanCH
          • NPabwordthe word 'junzi'　君子也者，人之成名也。
          • NPadNof the nature of a gentleman, of the nobility of a gentleman
          • NPanaphoricthe person of high rank mentioned above; the person in charge>the ruler> my ruler侍坐於君子，君子問更端 often works like a NP[post-N]@soc.si.def "my (one and only) lord
          • NPdefinitethe gentlemen (of a certain time or place) 其君子
          • NPindefinitecommendatory/honorific: members of the ruling class; men of superior rank　君子食其味焉
          • NPindefinitea person of high rank, a gentleman　侍坐於君子，
          • NPnonreferentialthe person of elevated social status　與野人相對
          • NPpost-Nsuperlativemost gentleman-like> most distinguished among the N
          • NP{PRED}socialis a member of the ruling class　君子也
          • VPisocialbelong to the ruling class　君子而不仁
          士  shì OC: dzrɯʔ MC: ɖʐɨ 100 AttributionsWD

          The current general term for a person of a certain social standing is shì 士 and this word often connotes specifically a certain level of education, particularly literacy. See INTELLECTUAL.

            Word relations
          • Epithet: 廉/GOOD Lián 廉 (ant. tān 貪 "greedy for bribery gifts") refers to moral probity and impeccability.
          • Epithet: 辯 / 辨/ELOQUENT The current general term for articulate rhetorical ability is biàn 辯 (ant. nè 訥 "be tongue-tied").
          • Epithet: 名/WELL-KNOWN The dominant general term for any kind of reputation, god or bad, is míng 名.
          • Epithet: 豪/GREAT
          • Epithet: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
          • Contrast: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
          • Contrast: 君子/GOOD Jūn zǐ 君子 (ant. xiǎo rén 小人 "petty man") refers to high moral qualities, especially in men.
          • Assoc: 民/PEOPLE The dominant current general word for the people is mín 民 (ant. jūn 君 "ruler"), and this term refers to the people particularly insofar as they are ruled by a ruler or belong to a state.
          • Assoc: 大夫/OFFICIAL Dà fū 大夫 "notables" is a general formal term for high officials.

            Syntactic words
          • DELETEbe identical with a gentlemanCH
          • ncideal moraltrue intellectual; ideal serviceable gentleman; e.g.守道者謂之士；樂道者謂之君子 real gentleman; true squire
          • nnonreferentialserviceable gentleman; intellectual; squire; educated person (of high or low morals); member of the mobile intelligentia; mobile gentleman with a right to bear a sword and to ride in a carriage
          • npost-Nserviceable gentleman/intellectual/squire of the N kind Cf. 道士，儒士
          • nsocial classserviceable gentleman; serviceable literate intellectual; squire; educated person (of high or low morals); member of the mobile intelligentia; gentleman, member of the gentry. See Yu Yingshi's monograph and The Confucian Shi, official service, and the Confucian -- Chan, Shirley -- 2004
          • n{PRED}be a serviceable gentleman; be a squire; be a scholar, be an educated personLZ
          • viactact as an ideal member of the mobile intelligentia/serviceable gentleman/squire should
          士大夫  shì dà fū OC: dzrɯʔ daads pa MC: ɖʐɨ dɑi pi̯o 13 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPcollectivemembers of the gentry, a member of the gentry
          士君子  shì jūn zǐ MC: dzriX kjun tsiX OC: dzrɯʔ klun sklɯʔCH 10 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPgeneralised[NOT non-referential] gentleman of any kind; intellectual of any kindCH
          游士  yóu shì MC: yuw dzriX OC: lu dzrɯʔCH 5 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPpluralitinerant diplomats and intellectualsCH
          家  jiā OC: kraa MC: kɣɛ 4 AttributionsWD

          Jiā 家 focusses on basic professionalism or expertise, but the term is rare in pre-Han times.

            Syntactic words
          • nspecialist, expert; distinguished person; philosopher
          長者  zhǎng zhě OC: krlaŋʔ kljaʔ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ tɕɣɛ 4 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPgentleman of superior character
          • NPadNof high status
          良人  liáng rén OC: ɡ-raŋ njin MC: li̯ɐŋ ȵin 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NP{vadN}gentleman
          長者子  zhǎng zhě zǐ OC: krlaŋʔ kljaʔ sklɯʔ MC: ʈi̯ɐŋ tɕɣɛ tsɨ 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPgentleman
          遊士  yóu shì MC: yuw dzriX OC: lu dzrɯʔCH 2 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPpluralpublic servants: roving gentlemen; "internationally" mobile intellectuals; roaming persuaders; peripatetic diplomatic advisors; "Warring States jet-set"CH
          生  shēng OC: sraaŋ MC: ʂɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD

          Shēng 生 simply refers to literates.

            Syntactic words
          • nintellectual, educated person 諸生
          門子  mén zǐ OC: mɯɯn sklɯʔ MC: muo̝n tsɨ 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPpluralscions of leading families
          中大夫  zhōng dà fū OC: krluŋ daads pa MC: ʈuŋ dɑi pi̯o 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPMiddle Ranking Dignitaries
          獻民  xiàn mín MC: xjonH mjin OC: hŋans minCH 1 AttributionWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPvocativedistinguished gentlemen! (sehr geehrte Herren!)CH
          儒  rú OC: njo MC: ȵi̯o 0 AttributionsWD

          Rú 儒 "weakling" referred in pre-Qin times to classicists, often from broadly Confucian circles, but came to refer to any scholar with bookish learning.

            Syntactic words
          學士  xué shì OC: ɡruuɡ dzrɯʔ MC: ɦɣɔk ɖʐɨ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          學者  xué zhě OC: ɡruuɡ kljaʔ MC: ɦɣɔk tɕɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          書生  shū shēng OC: qhlja sraaŋ MC: ɕi̯ɤ ʂɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • nliterate person, intellectual
            Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: CH 0 AttributionsWD
            Syntactic words
          • NPpluralpublic servants: roving gentlemen; "internationally" mobile intellectuals; roaming persuaders; peripatetic diplomatic advisorsCH

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