Taxonomy of meanings for 桀:　　

  • 桀 jié (OC: ɡrad MC: ɡɯiɛt) 渠列切 入 廣韻：【磔也又夏王名 】
    • =榤BEAM
      • =傑HERO
        • nhero
      • =傑EXCELLENT
        • VIRTUE
          • HARD
            • ABUNDANT
              • CRUEL
                • viactbehave recklessly
              • WICKED
                • PROPER NAMES
                  • nprthe last, supposedly totally wicked ruler of Xià dynasty
                • RULERS OF XIA
                  • npr.post-V{NUM}counted
                  • nprTraditionally 1818 - 1766 B.C. The seventeeth ruler of the Xia
                  • nprnonreferentiala person like Jié, an archvillainLZ
                • =揭LIFT

                  Additional information about 桀

                  說文解字: 【桀】，磔也。从舛在木上。凡桀之屬皆从桀。 【渠列切】

                    Criteria
                  • STABLE

                    1. Láo 牢 is perhaps the most general term for a stable for any animals, but it appears that the term specifically referred to pens without roofs. [The word occurs already in oracle bone inscriptions where it most probably refers to the oxen or sheep raised in pens and then used for sacrifices. The character shows a cow or a sheep within rectangular pen or stable with narrow exit which is similar in shape to the stable known from Han models. [WANG 1993: 195; SUN 1991: 212; JGJWZD 1993: 60 - 61; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-2]

                    2. Juàn 圈 is a stable for animals, especially sheep and dogs. [(WANG 1993: 195). Dog and sheep stables known from Han models are usually very small: SUN 1991: 212 - 214; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-3, 53-6; HAYASHI 1976: pp. 63, tab. 4-17]

                    3. Jiù 廄 is the current term for horse stables. [(WANG 1993: 195). Horses were usually under central control, and from Han times there are official seals with titles such us director of horse stables etc.. [SUN 1991: 212 - 214; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-9]

                    4. Zào 皂 is occasionally used for horse or cattle stables.

                    5. Lì 櫪 is a current word for horse stables. The word usually refers to the horse trough, but by extension also to the stable.

                    6. Hùn 溷／圂 is a pigsty. The pigsty was in Han times at the same time used as a toilet. [WANG 1993: 195; SUN 1991: 212; ill.: SUN 1991: 53-4; HAYASHI 1976: pp. 63, tab. 4-16]

                    7. Jiàn 檻 is a pen used to keep wild animals in captivity.

                    8. Shí 塒 refers to a chicken pen, and the word occurs already in SHIJING. This is known from one Han model which shows the wall with four holes, with one chicken or duck whithin each. [SUN 1991: 215; XIANG 1997: 573]

                    9. Xián 閑 is another word for horse stable. [HANYU DACIDIAN 1992: vol. 12: pp. 69]

                    Jié 桀 refers to the wooden STAKE for chicken; the word is known already from SHJING: SUN 1991: 215; XIANG 1997: 305; SUN 1991: 53-8; HAYASHI 1976: pp. 63, tab. 4-22]

                  • HERO

                    1. The current general term for a person of almost superhuman strength or talent is xióng 雄 (ant. yōng 庸 "ordinary person").

                    2. Jié 傑 / 桀 refers to an outstanding hero.

                    3. Yīng 英 focusses on the hero as an illustrious figure.

                    4. Jùn 俊 focus on the hero as a remarkable figure towering above ordinary man.

                    5. Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.

                    6. Shèng 聖 (ant. fán 凡 "ordinary person") focusses on the hero as possessed of very great superior creativity and wisdom, and the word is mostly expanded to shèng rén 聖人.

                    7. Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "the incompetent") focusses on the hero as possessed of very unusually high moral, political, and practical talents.

                    WENZI, shangli: 智過百人謂之杰，十人謂之豪，千人謂之俊，萬人謂之英。

                    HUAINAN, taizu: 故智過萬人者謂之英，千人者謂之俊，百人者謂之豪，十人者謂之杰。

                    Word relations
                  • Assoc: (HERO)豪/HERO Háo 豪 focusses on the hero as possessed of very great strength.
                  • Oppos: (CRUEL)弱/WEAK The current general word for weakness of any physical or abstract kind, and of anything including states, persons, and animals is ruò 弱 (ant. qiáng 強 "strong").