INTELLIGENT    聰明智

SKILLFUL IN-RELATION-TO UNDERSTANDING and DECIDING.
CLEVERBRIGHTBRILLIANTQUICK-WITTEDQUICK ON THE UPTAKESMARTCANNYASTUTEINTUITIVEINSIGHTFULPERCEPTIVEPERSPICACIOUSDISCERNINGKNOWLEDGEABLEABLEGIFTEDTALENTEDINFORMAL BRAINY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general word for the native ability to understand or to do things is zhī 知 "knowing", but a problem with this word is that it ranges freely and often imperceptibly in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence. 2. Míng 明 (ant. àn 闇 "obfuscated in one's mind"), taking its analogy from sharpness of vision, typically refers to clarity of insight at all levels. 3. Cōng 聰 (ant. kuì 聵 "hard of understanding"), taking its analogy from sharpness of hearing, typically refers to well-informed sharpness of judgment. 4. Shān 顫 is a very rare word referring to the acute sense of smell, and thus to narine intelligence. 5. Chá 察 refers to discriminating investigative intelligence. 6. Ruì 睿 perspicacious in reflection. SHU, HONGFAN: 視曰明，聽曰聰，思曰睿。
Modern Chinese Criteria
聰明 精明 聰慧 明慧 智慧 聰穎 穎悟 靈性 穎慧 穎異 慧黠 明白 眼光 "intelligent vision" 智 靈 猴兒精 機靈 伶俐 機智 小聰明 秀外慧中 耳聰目明 足智多謀 智謀超人 大智若愚 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • CRAFTYnew-0dfb1e83-6c4c-4184-bb1e-836c4cd18421　WICKEDLY INTELLIGENT AND TENDENCY:tending to DECEIVE. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • WISE　INTELLIGENT IN-RELATION-TO what is MOST IMPORTANT for HUMAN LIFE. (anc: 9/0, child: 1)
  • RATIONAL　SYSTEMATIC TENDENDY to UNDERSTAND WHY one's BELIEFS SHOULD BE BELIEVED to be TRUE. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • SHREWD　WICKEDLY AND SELFISHLY INTELLIGENT. See CRAFTY (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • COMMON SENSE　INTELLIGENCE which SHOULD be SHARED by ALL. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
  • WIT　INTELLIGENT AND ELOQUENT so as to be ABLE to CAUSE OTHERS TO LAUGH. (anc: 9/0, child: 1)
  • ESPRIT　INTELLIGENCE which AMUSES AND IS CREATIVE. (anc: 9/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • STUPIDLACK APPROPRIATE INTELLIGENCE.
See also
  • REASONORGAN of INTELLIGENCE, JUDGEMENT,2 AND ARGUMENTATION.
Hypernym
  • SKILLFUL　ABLE to ACT:do something BECAUSE one has LEARNT NECESSARY METHODS.  (anc: 7/0, child: 6)
  • ABLE　HAVE FEATURES one NEEDS in SELF:oneself FOR ACHIEVING something. (anc: 6/0, child: 16)
  • HAVE　RELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 265;1085

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 17.12

  • Vocabulaire européen des philosophies. Dictionnaire des intraduisibles ( CASSIN 2004) p. 1153

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    CLEVER

    prudens refers to someone who has the accurate practical views and skills.

    scitus refers to someone who has tact, mother-wit, and common sense.

    solers refers to someone who posesses practical genius and inventive power.

    cordatus refers to someone who has commendable basic moral orientations.

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. 318

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 2.2051

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 4.445

    INTELLIGENZ

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 64

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 91

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.370:250

    FINESSE.PENETRATION.DELICATESSE.SAGACITE

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.188.147

    DISCERNEMENT.JUGEMENT

    • Words (53 items)

    智  zhì OC: tes MC: ʈiɛ
    知  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 174 Attributions

    The most general word for native ability to understand is zhī 知 (ant. wú zhī 無知 "lack the ability to understand"), but the word ranges in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.
    • Ant: 拙/STUPID Zhuó 拙 (ant. jié 捷 "nimble") refers to practical ineptitude.
    • Epithet: 明/CLEAR The most general standard and clearly dominant word for things that are easily accessible to the intellect and to the senses is míng 明 (ant. hūn 昏 "unclear").
    • Contrast: 明/INTELLIGENT Míng 明 (ant. àn 闇 "obfuscated in one's mind"), taking its analogy from sharpness of vision, typically refers to clarity of insight at all levels.
    • Contrast: 力/STRONG The typically nominal or adverbial lì 力 commonly refers to a permanent property of strength..
    • Contrast: 巧/CRAFTY Qiǎo 巧 (ant. zhuó 拙 "inept") is very common and emphasises the element of skill involved.
    • Assoc: 才 / 材/TALENT The standard word for an unusual promising ability to perform important future tasks of any kind is cái 才／材, and the talents referred to by this word do not need to be of a "higher" kind.
    • Assoc: 識/INTELLIGENT
    • Synon: 巧/CRAFTY Qiǎo 巧 (ant. zhuó 拙 "inept") is very common and emphasises the element of skill involved.

      Syntactic words
    • n[adN]subjectthe intelligent (pervasively difficult to distinguish from the wise)
    • nab(.post-N)organthe practical intelligence of the contextually determinate person N; N's practical understanding; N's cognitive capacitiesCH
    • nab[.post-N]:adVin one's intelligence, with regard to one's intelligenceLZ
    • nab[.post-N]disposition, N=humanread zhì: human practival intelligence; intellectual competence, professional competence; intellectual capacity
    • nabgraded capacitypractical intelligence;  DS
    • v[adN1.]adN2belonging to an intellectualy competent person N1DS
    • vadNintellectually-practically competent; intellectually-practically excellent
    • vadNN=nonhumanclever; highly elaborated;DS
    • vibe intellectually-practically competent; intellectually excellent
    • viactact with skill
    • vichangebecome more clever, become more intelligent
    • vigradedmost intelligentLZ
    • vipsychbe properly or normally intelligent
    • visubj=nonhumanbe intelligent or clever
    • vt+V(0)be intelligent enough toCH
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to be intelligent
    • vtoNgradedbe more intelligent than NCH
    • vtoNputative.reflex.自consider (oneself) as intelligent
    明  míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 54 Attributions

    Míng 明 (ant. àn 闇 "obfuscated in one's mind"), taking its analogy from sharpness of vision, typically refers to clarity of insight at all levels.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 亂/CONFUSED Luàn 亂 refers to a chaotic state of mind.
    • Ant: 暗 / 闇/STUPID
    • Ant: 暴/VIOLENT Bào 暴 (ant. rén 仁 "humane") refers to negatively valued violence of disposition and action.
    • Ant: 不肖/INCOMPETENT The most current and general word for incompetence is bù xiào 不肖 (ant. xián 賢 "distinguished talent").
    • Ant: 愚/STUPID The dominant word is yú 愚 (ant. zhì 智 "clever; wise"), and the word refers to intellectual obtuseness as well as practical ineptitude.
    • Ant: 昏/CONFUSED
    • Ant: 昧/STUPID Mèi 昧 and àn 暗 (ant. míng 明 "clear-minded") refer primarily to benightedness of mind and lack of an enlithtened attitude particularly on the part of a ruler who should know better.
    • Epithet: 主/RULER The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant").
    • Epithet: 君/RULER Jūn 君 (ant. chén 臣 "minister") refers specifically to someone who is politically or administratively in charge of others as a ruler.
    • Epithet: 察/INVESTIGATE The most general words for investigating something are chá 察 "sort out clearly" and shen 審 "investigate carefully".
    • Contrast: 智 / 知/INTELLIGENT The most general word for native ability to understand is zhī 知 (ant. wú zhī 無知 "lack the ability to understand"), but the word ranges in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence.
    • Contrast: 賢/TALENT Xián 賢 (ant. bù xiào 不肖 "untalented") often refers to realised talents, and typically includes the nuance of moral worthiness in addition to practical and intellectual talents.
    • Contrast: 聖/WISE Shèng 聖 (ant. yōng 庸 "mediocre") refers to supreme sagehood and perfection of character.
    • Assoc: 智 / 知/INTELLIGENT The most general word for native ability to understand is zhī 知 (ant. wú zhī 無知 "lack the ability to understand"), but the word ranges in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence.
    • Oppos: 強 / 強/STRONG The current general word for the temporary state of strength, physical or political, are qiáng 強 (ant. ruò 弱 "weak").

      Syntactic words
    • nab.adVdispositionthanks to one's intelligenceLZ
    • nab.post-Nthe intelligence of an NCH
    • nabdispositionvisual intelligence> intelligence, perspicaciousness
    • vadNenlightened 明主
    • vadVintelligently, in a discerning fashion
    • vie.g. 知道者謂之明，行道者謂之賢 be discerning; be good at seeing things, be visually talented> be intelligent; be perspicacious, be enlightened
    • vibe discerningCH
    • vibecome more discerningCH
    • vpostadVin a discerning. manner; intelligentlyCH
    • vt+prep+Nabbe discerning in the practice of; be skillful at NabCH
    • vtoNcausativecause to be discerning on the matter N> sharpen the sight of
    • vtoNcausativecause to become discerningCH
    • vtoNputativeregard as discerning
    聰明  cōng míng MC: tshuwng mjaeng OC: skhooŋ mraŋ 29 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsuperior intelligence; intellectual powers; intellect; discriminating understanding of what is heard/learnt and seen Shiji: 皇帝聰明，張守節注：聞見明辯。CH
    • NPab(post-N)the intelligence of the NCH
    • NPab.postVtobjectintelligenceCH
    • NPab[.post-N:]postVtobjectone's own intelligenceCH
    • NPabconcrete psychologicalvisual and acoustic acuityCH
    • NPpost-NproN's intelligenceCH
    • VP[adN]N=humanthe intelligent (persons)CH
    • VPadNintelligentCH
    • VPiin every way perceptive; intelligent; astutely clever Shiji: 皇帝聰明，張守節注：聞見明辯。LZ
    • VPiperfectbe all-perceivingCH
    察  chá OC: skhreed MC: ʈʂhɣɛt 19 Attributions

    Chá 察 refers to discriminating investigative intelligence.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychastuteness, cleverness
    • vadNastute, clever
    • vibe astute, intellectually sharp, clever; sharp-sighted, incisive (also with nonhuman subjects)
    • vpostadVastutelyLZ
    • vtoNputativeregard as intelligent
    知者  zhī zhě OC: te kljaʔ MC: ʈiɛ tɕɣɛ 16 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdefinitethe persons of proper understanding
    • NPnonreferentialpersons of proper understanding
    神明  shén míng OC: ɢljin mraŋ MC: ʑin mɣaŋ 14 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativesupernatural intelligence; supernatural or cosmic virtues; spiritual enlightenment
    • VP[adN]nonreferentialsomeone who is supernaturally intelligent
    • VPibe supernaturally intelligent or perceptive
    聰  cōng MC: tshuwng OC: skhooŋ 12 Attributions

    Cōng 聰 (ant. kuì 聵 "hard of understanding"), taking its analogy from sharpness of hearing, typically refers to well-informed sharpness of judgment.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 慧 / 惠/WISE Huì 慧 refers to profound wisdom and depth of insight.
    • Assoc: 智 / 知/INTELLIGENT The most general word for native ability to understand is zhī 知 (ant. wú zhī 無知 "lack the ability to understand"), but the word ranges in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence.

      Syntactic words
    • nabconcept(visual) intelligence
    • nabdispositionacoustic intelligence> ability to understand a truth when one hears it
    • nabpsychclarity, distinctness of hearing
    • v[adN]nonreferentialone who is intelligent> the intelligent
    • vadNbe sharp of hearing; by extension: be sharp of understanding; be all-informed
    • vibe sharp of understanding; be well-informed
    • vt+prep+Nabbe clever at NCH
    明  míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • DELETEintelligent
    • nabdispositionintelligence
    • VPiintelligent; bright; quick of comprehension
    智能  zhì néng OC: tes nɯɯŋ MC: ʈiɛ nəŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabdispositionintellectual ability
    識  shí OC: qhljɯɡ MC: ɕɨk 4 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 智 / 知/INTELLIGENT The most general word for native ability to understand is zhī 知 (ant. wú zhī 無知 "lack the ability to understand"), but the word ranges in meaning from spiritual wisdom to technical competence.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychintelligent perception or awareness of things
    儇  xuān OC: qhʷen MC: hiɛn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadNsmart (fellow)
    • vinimble, smart, clever (SHI)
    • viactshow oneself to be smart
    • vtoNcausativemake N more intelligentLZ
    靈  líng OC: reeŋ MC: leŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nab.post-V{NUM}psychintelligences, forms of intelligence
    • nabpsychelevated intelligence
    • vichangebecome supremely intelligent; become quick-witted
    • vigradedbe intelligent
    神靈  shén líng OC: ɢljin reeŋ MC: ʑin leŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychsupernatural intelligence or efficacy
    • VPibe supernaturally talentedCH
    智慮  zhì lǜ OC: tes b-ras MC: ʈiɛ li̯ɤ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychstrategic intelligence
    根智  gēn zhì OC: kɯɯn tes MC: kən ʈiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychinnate intelligence
    靈利  líng lì OC: reeŋ rids MC: leŋ li 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabclarity of mind, intelligence
    • VPadNwith a sharp mind > intelligent, bright, of quick comprehension
    多智  duō zhì OC: k-laal tes MC: tɑ ʈiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe of quick mind and a shrewd understanding of things
    徇齊  xùn qí OC: sɢʷlins dziil MC: zʷin dzei 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe endowed with superior comprehensive intellectual facultaties and talent
    辯知  biàn zhī OC: brenʔ te MC: biɛn ʈiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNeloquent and intelligent, well-spoken and intelligent
    速通  sù tōng MC: suwk thuwng OC: sooɡ kh-looŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi(understand quickly >) be acuteLZ
    偲偲  sī sī OC: snɯ snɯ MC: sɨ sɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redintensitivevery keen, very eager???
    達  dá OC: daad MC: dɑt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintelligent
    銳  ruì 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativebe incisive and intellectually convincingCH
    鑒  jiàn OC: kraams MC: kɣam 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychfaculty of discrimination and understanding things
    炤炤  zhào zhào MC: tsyewH tsyewH OC: kljews kljews 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redevokes the idea of perfect perspicacityLZ
    用知  yòng zhī MC: yowngH trje OC: k-loŋs te 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactthe use of one's intellectLZ
    愚智  yú zhì OC: ŋo tes MC: ŋi̯o ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabrelativeintelligence
    心量  xīn liàng OC: slɯm ɡ-raŋs MC: sim li̯ɐŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychintelligence
    明人  míng rén OC: mraŋ njin MC: mɣaŋ ȵin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPenlightened person, intelligent person
    開達  kāi dá OC: khɯɯl daad MC: khəi dɑt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]the intelligent
    齊明  qí míng MC: dzej mjaeng OC: dziil mraŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe universally intelligentLZ
    明察  míng chá MC: mjaeng tsrheat  OC: mraŋ skhreed 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe [served] with perspicacity; be well understood in respect to serviceLZ
    多知  duō zhī OC: k-laal te MC: tɑ ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe intelligent
    了了  liǎo liǎo MC: lewX lewX OC: reewʔ reewʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPiclever; smartDS
    僩  xiàn MC: haenX OC: -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vichangebecome knowledgeableLZ
    靈聖  líng shèng MC: leng syengH OC: reeŋ qhljeŋs 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsupernatural efficacy; magical abilities DS
    廣智  guǎng zhì OC: kʷaaŋʔ tes MC: kɑŋ ʈiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychbroad intelligence
    昭  zhāo OC: kljew MC: tɕiɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vifigurativebe bright>intelligent
    潐  jiào MC: tsjewH OC: tsews 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nab.redkeen intelligence, clarity of thoughtLZ
    捷敏  jié mǐn OC: sɡleb mrɯŋʔ MC: dziɛp min 1 Attribution

    Refers to practical intelligence.

      Syntactic words
    • VPiactshow practical intelligence
    識鑒  shí jiàn MC: syik kaemH OC: qhljɯɡ kraams 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabpsychintelligenceCH
    多知生  duō zhī shēng OC: k-laal te sraaŋ MC: tɑ ʈiɛ ʂɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPicolloquialcolloquial: have much knowledge+suffix > be smart, be intelligent, be a smart-ass
    辯通  biàn tōng OC: brenʔ kh-looŋ MC: biɛn thuŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN](most) discriminating and knowledgeable persons; intellectuals
    譓  huì OC: ɢʷiids MC: ɦei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe intelligent (GUOYU) ??
    炳然  bǐng rán OC: pqraŋʔ njen MC: pɣaŋ ȵiɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe luminuous > be bright, intelligent
    顫  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 Attributions

    Shān 顫 is a very rare word referring to the acute sense of smell, and thus to narine intelligence.

      Syntactic words
    • nabdispositionZHUANG, LIE acute sense of smell
    明了  míng liǎo OC: mraŋ reewʔ MC: mɣaŋ leu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPiintelligent and well-informed
    通人  tōng rén OC: kh-looŋ njin MC: thuŋ ȵin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPlearned man
    • NP=Npra learned man by the name of Npr
    利  lì OC: rids MC: li 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe clever, be "sharp"
    惺  xīng OC: seeŋ MC: seŋ 0 Attributions
    • 漢語重言詞詞典 Hanyu chongwenci cidian ( WANG WEIMAO 1999) p. 299a, #2

      聰明機靈

      Syntactic words
    • vi.redreduplicated: be intelligent, bright, clearheaded, wise (Tang, more frequent from Song times onwards)
    激  jiào OC: kleewɡs MC: keu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viclear; have a clear vision
    炳  bǐng OC: pqraŋʔ MC: pɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viluminous > bright, intelligent
    睿  ruì OC: lods MC: jiɛi 0 Attributions

    Ruì 睿 perspicacious in reflection.

      Syntactic words