SAFEGUARD 保護
HAVE AND CAUSE NOT TO BECOME DAMAGED.
Antonym
- DISCARDDISPLACE something so as to VOLUNTARILY CAUSE ONESELF to LACK it.
- LOSEto BEGIN to LACK something, NOT VOLUNTARILY.
Hypernym
- HAVERELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one.
See also
- SUPPORTHELP so as to CAUSE NOT to FALL OR so as to CAUSE to FLOURISH.
- KEEPHAVE AND REFUSE to GIVE to OTHERS.
Hyponym
- DEFEND SAFEGUARD so as to CAUSE NOT TO be DEFEATED WHEN ATTACKED OR ACCUSED.
- RESCUE To DEFEND someone so as to CAUSE him/her to ESCAPE.
- SHELTER SAFEGUARD ENDURINGLY by GIVING SAFE DWELLING.
- GUARD SAFEGUARD OR DEFEND as a SOLDIER OR as an OFFICIAL.
- ASYLUM SAFEGUARD a FOREIGNER so as to DEFEND HIM/HER against CRUELTY.
- CARE FOR SAFEGUARD LOVINGLY.
Old Chinese Criteria
2. Quán 全 refers specifically to keeping a thing in perfect undiminished shape.
3. Chí 持 refers specifically to supporting something in a vigorous and sound state.
4. Bì 庇 refers to protection of inferiors by their superiors.
5. Hù 護 typically refers to protection of superiors by inferiors.
Modern Chinese Criteria
保衛 refers to safeguarding something by the use of threatened force.
保障 refers to safeguarding something abstract against violation.
捍衛 refers to the energetic safeguarding and supporting of something with commendable determination.
維護 refers to enthusiastic support for something abstract (like rights etc) with the aim of safeguarding it.
愛護 refers to the safeguarding something with loving care.
保證 refers to the assured or guaranteed safeguarding of something abstract like a right etc..
庇護 refers to safeguarding something concrete by offering shelter for it.
掩護 refers to safeguarding something typically by shielding it against external harm.
衛護 refers to safeguarding something concrete by threatening to defend it by violent means.
護衛
護 may refer rather formally to the protection of something endangered.
保安
rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH /
- A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages
(
BUCK 1988)
p.
11.24 - Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques
(
DUFOUR 1910)
p.
47 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996豐盈 Ea071.02.02豐腴 Ea071.02.03充盈 Ea071.02.04肉頭 Ea071.02.05)
p.
25 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
380 - Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary
(
TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996)
p.
412
Words
守 shǒu OC: qhjuʔ MC: ɕɨu 56 AttributionsWD
Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things.
- Word relations
- Object: 要/IMPORTANT
The most general term for the relative importance and crucial nature of something is yào 要 (ant. xì 細). - Object: 法/LAW
The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.
- Syntactic words
- nabactdefensive/self-protective measure
- nobjectwhat is safeguarded; property; holding
- v[adN]guardians (of some treasured thing)
- viacttake good care of things/states
- vt(oN)keep the contextually determinate place safe
- vt(oN)figurativeguard, preserve (a contextually determinate abstract N)
- vtoNpreserve; keep to and ensure that one does not lose; hold in reserve
- vtoNabobject=abstractkeep unchanged,make a preferential effort to preserve and cultivateCH
- vtoNconcreteprotect
- vtoNfigurativekeep in good shape, look well after; take good care of; retain carefully, guard
- vtoNN=placekeep guard at
- vtoNpassivebe properly safeguarded
- vtoNreflexive.自take good care of oneself
保 bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 35 AttributionsWD
Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things.
- Word relations
- Ant: 棄/DISREGARD
Qì 棄 is to reject as unworthy of one's attention and often to disregard defiantly. - Synon: 全/SAFEGUARD
Quán 全 refers specifically to keeping a thing in perfect undiminished shape.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNsafeguard, keep secure; keep to oneself; protect properly; HF 5.2.20: keep (one purposes) secure and secret
- vtoNabfigurativesafeguard and ensureCH
- vtoNmutualprotect (each other)
- vtoNpassivebe kept safe and secure
- vtoNpsychsafeguard (oneself)
- vtoNreflexive.身keep one's person safeCH
藏 cáng OC: sɡaaŋ MC: dzɑŋ
藏臧 Click here to add pinyin OC: MC: 33 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viactto store goods, harvest etc, (may be followed by a locative complement) 藏於王之市
- vt+prep+Nstore one's wealth in
- vt+prep+Nmiddle voicebe stored in a place NDS
- vtoNstore up; take good care of; store up and collect; store up to keep safe
- vtoNpassivebe collected; be stored
- vttoN1.+N2store and preserve N1 in the place N2
全 quán OC: sɡon MC: dziɛn 20 AttributionsWD
Quán 全 refers specifically to keeping a thing in perfect undiminished shape.
- Word relations
- Object: 身/PERSON
Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive. - Synon: 保/SAFEGUARD
Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausative(cause to be safe>) keep safe and unharmed, safeguard so as to keep intact
- vtoNcausativekeep (oneself) complete, keep out of harm's way
- vtoNcausative, passivebe kept safe and unharmedDS
存 cún OC: sɡɯɯn MC: dzuo̝n 12 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Ant: 棄/DISCARD
The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐. - Ant: 遺/LOSE
Yí 遺 (ant. cún 存 "keep in one's possession) is to lose through inadvertency an object that one would like to have or to keep.
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)safeguard the contextually determinate NCH
- vtoNcause to persist> cause to survive, preserve, safeguard
- vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to persist
- vtoNfigurativepreserve from being discardedCH
- vttoN1.+prep+N2psychpreserver N1 in (oneself)
持盈 chí yíng MC: dri yeng OC: ɡrlɯ leŋCH 10 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi持盈守成"safeguard the plenitude of what one has and safeguard what one has achieved": maintain and safeguard the plenitude of one's achievements without aiming for more than can be safely maintained.CH
奉 fèng OC: boŋʔ MC: bi̯oŋ 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNuphold (the law)
衛 wèi OC: ɢods MC: ɦiɛi 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabsocialthe safeguard, the "bulwark", the (abstract) defence
- v[adN]N=humsafeguarder
- vtoNguard, protect ZUO 衛其足ZHUANG 衛生
自愛 zì ài MC: dzijH 'ojH OC: sblids qɯɯds CH 8 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNreflexive.自pejorative: be preoccupied with one's own safety; care (above all) for one's own safety, pejorative, unlike modern 保重CH
愛 ài OC: qɯɯds MC: ʔəi 7 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Contrast: 養/REAR
Yǎng 養 refers primarily to the caring for and nourishing of one's parents, children or other humans one feels caring sympathy for and is only occasionally used for non-humans, although it does apply to plants like mulberry trees that need much care. - Contrast: 治/GOVERN
The general word for governing, administering or ordering things is zhì 治, old reading chí.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNtake good care of, care well for, keep well and intact
- vtoNderivedspare, keep safe (those who might be harmed)CH
庇 bì OC: pis MC: pi 6 AttributionsWD
Bì 庇 refers to protection of inferiors by their superiors.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNprovide shelter for, protect 庇民
- vtoNreflexive.身protect (oneself)
葆 bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 6 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactpreservation
- vtoNpreserve
護 hù OC: ɢʷaaɡs MC: ɦuo̝ 6 AttributionsWD
Hù 護 typically refers to protection of superiors by inferiors.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNtake good care of (inferiors), preserve, protect
- vtoNreflexive.自take good care of oneself
完 wán OC: ɡoon MC: ɦʷɑn 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNtake complete care of, look properly after; preserve completely intact
懷 huái OC: ɡruul MC: ɦɣɛi 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNshow affectionate care for, treat with loving care
- vtoNfigurativecherish as importantCH
- vtoNfor oneselfkeep to oneself
收 shōu OC: qjiw MC: ɕɨu 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNtake in and protect
環 huán OC: ɡʷraan MC: ɦɣan 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNmake safe plans for; guard on all sides
- vtoNreflexive.自be (self-)protective
護持 hù chí OC: ɢʷaaɡs ɡrlɯ MC: ɦuo̝ ɖɨ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)omprotect, preserve (a contextually determinate N)
- VPtoNprotect and preserve, take good care of
覆 fù MC: phjuwH OC: phuɡsLZ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt(oN)protect and take care of the contextually determinate NLZ
- vt[oN]protect and take care of peopleLZ
- vtoNto protect and take care of NLZ
臧 zāng MC: tsang OC: skaaŋLZ 4 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoN= cáng 藏: to store, to keepLZ
執 zhí OC: tjib MC: tɕip 3 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+V[0]keep in the shape indicated by V, maintain as V-ing
周 zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNsafeguard against attacks from all directions, guard (a granary); safeguard against all ills
案 àn OC: qaans MC: ʔɑn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNhold down, keep with one
看 kān OC: khaan MC: khɑn 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vt+prep+Nlook properly after
- vtoNlook after (so as to care for)
蔽 bì OC: peds MC: piɛi 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nprotection
- vtoNshield against, guard against
顧 gù OC: klaas MC: kuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
- Word relations
- Assoc: 眷/LOOK
Gù 顧 adds to the notion of looking at something the turning of one's head, or one's attention, from something to what is being looked at. Juàn 眷 is intensitive for gù 顧.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNhave an eye on, be fond of, look well after
覆護 fù hù OC: phuɡs ɢʷaaɡs MC: phɨu ɦuo̝ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactprotection
- VPt(oN)provide shelter and protection for the contextually determiante N
鎮撫 zhèn fǔ OC: tins mʰaʔ MC: ʈin phi̯o 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNtake good care of and safeguard
拊循 fǔ xún MC: phjuX zwin OC: phoʔ sɢlunLZ 2 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNtreat carefully, safeguard from damageLZ
介 jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- n(mobile) armoured guard???
佑 yòu OC: ɢʷɯs MC: ɦɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNprotect, look well after 天佑下民
宿 sù OC: suɡ MC: suk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNkeep overnight
誡 jiè OC: krɯɯɡs MC: kɣɛi
戒 jiè OC: krɯɯɡs MC: kɣɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNguard against mishap
持 chí OC: ɡrlɯ MC: ɖɨ 1 AttributionWD
Chí 持refers specifically to supporting something in a vigorous and sound state.
- Syntactic words
- vtoNsafeguard, supportLZ
止 zhǐ OC: kljɯʔ MC: tɕɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNcausativekeep (something) in a place
蘊 yùn OC: quns MC: ʔi̯un 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNstore up
載 zài OC: sɡlɯɯs MC: dzəi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNmiddle voicebe kept
侍衛 shì wèi OC: ɡljɯs ɢods MC: dʑɨ ɦiɛi 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)resultativeserve so as to safeguard
保任 bǎo rèn OC: puuʔ njɯms MC: pɑu ȵim 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)omprotect, safeguard, take care of (a contextually determinate N)
- vtoNtake good care of
守伺 shǒu sì OC: qhjuʔ sqlɯs MC: ɕɨu sɨ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNfigurativekeep guard at, watch over
居守 jū shǒu OC: ka qhjuʔ MC: ki̯ɤ ɕɨu 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPt(oN)safeguard the contextually determinate place N
擁護 yǒng hù OC: qoŋʔ ɢʷaaɡs MC: ʔi̯oŋ ɦuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabactrescue and protection
- VPt(oN)protect the contextually determinate person
護惜 hù xī OC: ɢʷaaɡs sqaɡ MC: ɦuo̝ siɛk 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNreflexive.自protect and show concern for
愛己 ài jǐ MC: 'ojH kiX OC: qɯɯds kɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNkeep oneself safe, German: "sich schadlos halten"CH
駿蒙 xùn méng MC: swinH muwng OC: -- mooŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- nfigurativeprotection, protector (SHI)LZ
- NPprotection, protector (SHI)LZ
蓄臧 xù zāng MC: xjuwk tsang OC: qhluɡ skaaŋLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- NPabact= xu4cáng 蓄藏: storing up (i.e. of harvest)LZ
持滿 chí mǎn MC: dri manX OC: ɡrlɯ mboonʔCH 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPi=持盈(which is the stnadard term for this with many more examples): safeguard and maintain what one has achieved, hold on to what one has achievedCH
覆救 fù jiù MC: phjuwH kjuwH OC: phuɡs kusLZ 1 AttributionWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNto protectLZ
警 jǐng OC: kreŋʔ MC: kɣaŋ 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- viacttake precautions
- vtoNmaintain properly
廕 yìn OC: qrɯms MC: ʔim 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nabactprotection???
- vtoNprovide protection for, cherish and foster
翼 yì OC: p-lɯɡ MC: jɨk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNkeep wings over: protect
閉 bì OC: piids MC: pei 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- vtoNlock up (either for storing something, or for keeping someone from escaping)
閑 xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- nagentprotector, guardian (of a ruler etc)
保惜 bǎo xī OC: puuʔ sqaɡ MC: pɑu siɛk 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNsafeguard and show affection for
保持 bǎo chí OC: puuʔ ɡrlɯ MC: pɑu ɖɨ 0 AttributionsWD
- 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods
(
JIANG/CAO 1997)
p.
15 Glossed as 1. 保護 (DATANG XINYU; BIANWEN); 2. 保重;保養 'take good care of oneself' (BIANWEN)
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNtake care of; take care of oneself
守攝 shǒu shè OC: qhjuʔ qhljeb MC: ɕɨu ɕiɛp 0 AttributionsWD
- Syntactic words
- VPtoNreflexive.其心guard well (one's own mind)
Existing SW for
Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database:
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