SAFEGUARD    保護

HAVE AND CAUSE NOT TO BECOME DAMAGED.
KEEPPROTECTPRESERVECONSERVESAVESECURESHIELDGUARDKEEP SAFE.RETAINHOLD ON TOKEEP HOLD OFRETAIN POSSESSION OFKEEP POSSESSION OFNOT PART WITHSAVESTORECONSERVEPUT ASIDESET ASIDEINFORMAL HANG ON TOSTASH AWAY
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things. 2. Quán 全 refers specifically to keeping a thing in perfect undiminished shape. 3. Chí 持 refers specifically to supporting something in a vigorous and sound state. 4. Bì 庇 refers to protection of inferiors by their superiors. 5. Hù 護 typically refers to protection of superiors by inferiors.
Modern Chinese Criteria
保護 is the current general term for safeguarding or protecting anyone or anything. 保衛 refers to safeguarding something by the use of threatened force. 保障 refers to safeguarding something abstract against violation. 捍衛 refers to the energetic safeguarding and supporting of something with commendable determination. 維護 refers to enthusiastic support for something abstract (like rights etc) with the aim of safeguarding it. 愛護 refers to the safeguarding something with loving care. 保證 refers to the assured or guaranteed safeguarding of something abstract like a right etc.. 庇護 refers to safeguarding something concrete by offering shelter for it. 掩護 refers to safeguarding something typically by shielding it against external harm. 衛護 refers to safeguarding something concrete by threatening to defend it by violent means. 護衛 護 may refer rather formally to the protection of something endangered. 保安 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • DEFEND　SAFEGUARD so as to CAUSE NOT TO be DEFEATED WHEN ATTACKED OR ACCUSED. (anc: 7/0, child: 1)
  • SHELTER　SAFEGUARD ENDURINGLY by GIVING SAFE DWELLING. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • GUARD　SAFEGUARD OR DEFEND as a SOLDIER OR as an OFFICIAL. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • ASYLUM　SAFEGUARD a FOREIGNER so as to DEFEND HIM/HER against CRUELTY. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
  • CARE FOR　SAFEGUARD LOVINGLY. (anc: 7/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • DISCARDDISPLACE something so as to VOLUNTARILY CAUSE ONESELF to LACK it.
  • LOSEto BEGIN to LACK something, NOT VOLUNTARILY.
See also
  • SUPPORTHELP so as to CAUSE NOT to FALL OR so as to CAUSE to FLOURISH.
  • KEEPHAVE AND REFUSE to GIVE to OTHERS.
Hypernym
  • HAVE　RELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one. (anc: 5/0, child: 5)
  • RELATION　FEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER. (anc: 4/0, child: 15)
  • FEATURE　ABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE. (anc: 3/0, child: 19)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 11.24

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 47

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996豐盈 Ea071.02.02豐腴 Ea071.02.03充盈 Ea071.02.04肉頭 Ea071.02.05) p. 25

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 380

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 412

    • Words (57 items)

    守  shǒu OC: qhjuʔ MC: ɕɨu 57 Attributions

    Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things.

      Word relations
    • Object: 要/IMPORTANT The most general term for the relative importance and crucial nature of something is yào 要 (ant. xì 細).
    • Object: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactdefensive/self-protective measure
    • nobjectwhat is safeguarded; property; holding
    • v[adN]guardians (of some treasured thing)
    • viacttake good care of things/states
    • vt(oN)keep the contextually determinate place safe
    • vt(oN)figurativeguard, preserve (a contextually determinate abstract N)
    • vt[oN]to keep one's territory safeLZ
    • vtoNpreserve; keep to and ensure that one does not lose; hold in reserve
    • vtoNabobject=abstractkeep unchanged,make a preferential effort to preserve and cultivateCH
    • vtoNconcreteprotect
    • vtoNfigurativekeep in good shape, look well after; take good care of; retain carefully, guard
    • vtoNN=placekeep guard at
    • vtoNpassivebe properly safeguarded
    • vtoNreflexive.自take good care of oneself
    保  bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 37 Attributions

    Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 棄/DISREGARD Qì 棄 is to reject as unworthy of one's attention and often to disregard defiantly.
    • Synon: 全/SAFEGUARD Quán 全 refers specifically to keeping a thing in perfect undiminished shape.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsafeguard, keep secure; keep to oneself; protect properly; HF 5.2.20: keep (one purposes) secure and secret
    • vtoNabfigurativesafeguard and ensureCH
    • vtoNmutualprotect (each other)
    • vtoNpassivebe kept safe and secure
    • vtoNpsychsafeguard (oneself)
    • vtoNreflexive.身keep one's person safeCH
    藏  cáng OC: sɡaaŋ MC: dzɑŋ
    藏臧  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 33 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactto store goods, harvest etc,  (may be followed by a locative complement) 藏於王之市
    • vt+prep+Nstore one's wealth in
    • vt+prep+Nmiddle voicebe stored in a place NDS
    • vtoNstore up; take good care of; store up and collect; store up to keep safe
    • vtoNpassivebe collected; be stored
    • vttoN1.+N2store and preserve N1 in the place N2
    全  quán OC: sɡon MC: dziɛn 20 Attributions

    Quán 全 refers specifically to keeping a thing in perfect undiminished shape.

      Word relations
    • Object: 身/PERSON Shēn 身 regularly refers to the embodied person, as something to be cultivated, and as something to be morally careful about, but the word is originally widely used to refer to the physical body as such being at times hard to distinguish from the figurative use discussed in this group. The word is very often reflexive.
    • Synon: 保/SAFEGUARD Bǎo 保 (which emphasises safety against dangers or threats) and shǒu 守 (which emphasises good care and the ensuring that something is not lost or impaired) are the two general words for safeguarding things.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausative(cause to be safe>) keep safe and unharmed, safeguard so as to keep intact
    • vtoNcausativekeep (oneself) complete, keep out of harm's way
    • vtoNcausative, passivebe kept safe and unharmedDS
    存  cún OC: sɡɯɯn MC: dzuo̝n 12 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 棄/DISCARD The standard general words for discarding something is qì 棄 (ant. qǔ 取 "choose to retain") and the somewhat rarer juān 捐.
    • Ant: 遺/LOSE Yí 遺 (ant. cún 存 "keep in one's possession) is to lose through inadvertency an object that one would like to have or to keep.

      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)safeguard the contextually determinate NCH
    • vtoNcause to persist> cause to survive, preserve, safeguard
    • vtoNcausativecause (oneself) to persist
    • vtoNfigurativepreserve from being discardedCH
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2psychpreserver N1 in (oneself)
    持盈  chí yíng MC: dri yeng OC: ɡrlɯ leŋ 10 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi持盈守成"safeguard the plenitude of what one has and safeguard what one has achieved": maintain and safeguard the plenitude of one's achievements without aiming for more than can be safely maintained.CH
    衛  wèi OC: ɢods MC: ɦiɛi 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabsocialthe safeguard, the "bulwark", the (abstract) defence
    • v[adN]N=humsafeguarder
    • vtoNguard, protect ZUO 衛其足ZHUANG 衛生
    自愛  zì ài MC: dzijH 'ojH  OC: sblids qɯɯds 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreflexive.自pejorative: be preoccupied with one's own safety; care (above all) for one's own safety, pejorative, unlike modern 保重CH
    奉  fèng OC: boŋʔ MC: bi̯oŋ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNuphold (the law)
    愛  ài OC: qɯɯds MC: ʔəi 7 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 養/REAR Yǎng 養 refers primarily to the caring for and nourishing of one's parents, children or other humans one feels caring sympathy for and is only occasionally used for non-humans, although it does apply to plants like mulberry trees that need much care.
    • Contrast: 治/GOVERN The general word for governing, administering or ordering things is zhì 治, old reading chí.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake good care of, care well for, keep well and intact
    • vtoNderivedspare, keep safe (those who might be harmed)CH
    葆  bǎo OC: puuʔ MC: pɑu 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactpreservation
    • vtoNpreserve
    覆  fù MC: phjuwH OC: phuɡs 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)protect and take care of the contextually determinate NLZ
    • vt[oN]protect and take care of peopleLZ
    • vtoNto protect and take care of NLZ
    護  hù OC: ɢʷaaɡs MC: ɦuo̝ 6 Attributions

    Hù 護 typically refers to protection of superiors by inferiors.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake good care of (inferiors), preserve, protect
    • vtoNreflexive.自take good care of oneself
    庇  bì OC: pis MC: pi 6 Attributions

    Bì 庇 refers to protection of inferiors by their superiors.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNprovide shelter for, protect 庇民
    • vtoNreflexive.身protect (oneself)
    臧  zāng MC: tsang OC: skaaŋ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN= cáng 藏: to store, to keepLZ
    護持  hù chí OC: ɢʷaaɡs ɡrlɯ MC: ɦuo̝ ɖɨ 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)omprotect, preserve (a contextually determinate N)
    • VPtoNprotect and preserve, take good care of
    完  wán OC: ɡoon MC: ɦʷɑn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake complete care of, look properly after; preserve completely intact
    懷  huái OC: ɡruul MC: ɦɣɛi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshow affectionate care for, treat with loving care
    • vtoNfigurativecherish as importantCH
    • vtoNfor oneselfkeep to oneself
    收  shōu OC: qjiw MC: ɕɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNtake in and protect
    環  huán OC: ɡʷraan MC: ɦɣan 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake safe plans for; guard on all sides
    • vtoNreflexive.自be (self-)protective
    執  zhí OC: tjib MC: tɕip 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+V[0]keep in the shape indicated by V, maintain as V-ing
    蔽  bì OC: peds MC: piɛi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nprotection
    • vtoNshield against, guard against
    顧  gù OC: klaas MC: kuo̝ 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 眷/LOOK Gù 顧 adds to the notion of looking at something the turning of one's head, or one's attention, from something to what is being looked at. Juàn 眷 is intensitive for gù 顧.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhave an eye on, be fond of, look well after
    覆護  fù hù OC: phuɡs ɢʷaaɡs MC: phɨu ɦuo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactprotection
    • VPt(oN)provide shelter and protection for the contextually determiante N
    鎮撫  zhèn fǔ OC: tins mʰaʔ MC: ʈin phi̯o 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNtake good care of and safeguard
    周  zhōu OC: tjɯw MC: tɕɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsafeguard against attacks from all directions, guard (a granary); safeguard against all ills
    拊循  fǔ xún MC: phjuX zwin OC: phoʔ sɢlun 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNtreat carefully, safeguard from damageLZ
    案  àn OC: qaans MC: ʔɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNhold down, keep with one
    看  kān OC: khaan MC: khɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nlook properly after
    • vtoNlook after (so as to care for)
    蘊  yùn OC: quns MC: ʔi̯un 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNstore up
    居守  jū shǒu OC: ka qhjuʔ MC: ki̯ɤ ɕɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)safeguard the contextually determinate place N
    誡  jiè OC: krɯɯɡs MC: kɣɛi
    戒  jiè OC: krɯɯɡs MC: kɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNguard against mishap
    覆救  fù jiù MC: phjuwH kjuwH OC: phuɡs kus 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNto protectLZ
    載  zài OC: sɡlɯɯs MC: dzəi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe kept
    蓄臧  xù zāng MC: xjuwk tsang OC: qhluɡ skaaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabact= xu4cáng 蓄藏: storing up (i.e. of harvest)LZ
    愛己  ài jǐ MC: 'ojH kiX OC: qɯɯds kɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNkeep oneself safe, German: "sich schadlos halten"CH
    侍衛  shì wèi OC: ɡljɯs ɢods MC: dʑɨ ɦiɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)resultativeserve so as to safeguard
    駿蒙  xùn méng MC: swinH muwng OC: -- mooŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nfigurativeprotection, protector (SHI)LZ
    • NPprotection, protector (SHI)LZ
    擁護  yǒng hù OC: qoŋʔ ɢʷaaɡs MC: ʔi̯oŋ ɦuo̝ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactrescue and protection
    • VPt(oN)protect the contextually determinate person
    護惜  hù xī OC: ɢʷaaɡs sqaɡ MC: ɦuo̝ siɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreflexive.自protect and show concern for
    介  jiè OC: kreeds MC: kɣɛi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • n(mobile) armoured guard???
    扶持  fú chí MC: bju dri OC: ba ɡrlɯ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNsupport, safeguard, keep in good shapeLZ
    佑  yòu OC: ɢʷɯs MC: ɦɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNprotect, look well after 天佑下民
    宿  sù OC: suɡ MC: suk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNkeep overnight
    持  chí OC: ɡrlɯ MC: ɖɨ 1 Attribution

    Chí 持refers specifically to supporting something in a vigorous and sound state.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNsafeguard, supportLZ
    守伺  shǒu sì OC: qhjuʔ sqlɯs MC: ɕɨu sɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNfigurativekeep guard at, watch over
    止  zhǐ OC: kljɯʔ MC: tɕɨ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativekeep (something) in a place
    持滿  chí mǎn MC: dri manX OC: ɡrlɯ mboonʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi=持盈(which is the stnadard term for this with many more examples): safeguard and maintain what one has achieved, hold on to what one has achievedCH
    保任  bǎo rèn OC: puuʔ njɯms MC: pɑu ȵim 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)omprotect, safeguard, take care of (a contextually determinate N)
    • vtoNtake good care of
    翼  yì OC: p-lɯɡ MC: jɨk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNkeep wings over: protect
    警  jǐng OC: kreŋʔ MC: kɣaŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viacttake precautions
    • vtoNmaintain properly
    保惜  bǎo xī OC: puuʔ sqaɡ MC: pɑu siɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNsafeguard and show affection for
    保持  bǎo chí OC: puuʔ ɡrlɯ MC: pɑu ɖɨ 0 Attributions
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 15

      Glossed as 1. 保護 (DATANG XINYU; BIANWEN); 2. 保重；保養 'take good care of oneself' (BIANWEN)

      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNtake care of; take care of oneself
    閉  bì OC: piids MC: pei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlock up (either for storing something, or for keeping someone from escaping)
    閑  xián OC: ɢreen MC: ɦɣɛn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nagentprotector, guardian (of a ruler etc)
    廕  yìn OC: qrɯms MC: ʔim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactprotection???
    • vtoNprovide protection for, cherish and foster
    守攝  shǒu shè OC: qhjuʔ qhljeb MC: ɕɨu ɕiɛp 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNreflexive.其心guard well (one's own mind)