ARROGANT  驕傲驕

PROUD AND TENDING to SHOW DESPISE:contempt IN-RELATION-TO OTHERS. 
HAUGHTYCONCEITEDSELF-IMPORTANTEGOTISTICFULL OF ONESELFSUPERIOROVERBEARINGPOMPOUSBUMPTIOUSPRESUMPTUOUSIMPERIOUSOVERWEENINGPROUDIMMODESTHIGH AND MIGHTYTOO BIG FOR ONE'S BRITCHESTOO BIG FOR ONE'S BOOTSBIGHEADEDPUFFED-UP
Antonym
  • YIELDBe POLITE, USING RITUAL MODERATION AND PERMIT OTHERS to ACT as they DESIRE.
    • POLITEBe APPROPRIATELY RESPECTFUL IN ACTING TOWARDS OTHERS.
      Hypernym
      • PROUDDELIGHT in what one BELIEVES to be one's SELF:own EXCELLENCE.
        • DELIGHTINTENSELY GOOD FEELING IN-RELATION-TO something NOW.*The joy of the enjoyer X over something enjoyed Y.
          • FEELINGNATURAL REACTION IN one's MIND.
            • REACTCHANGE one's THINKING OR ACTING BECAUSE one is PERCEIVING something....
      Old Chinese Criteria
      [ABSOLUTE/GRADED]

      [BEHAVIOUR/DISPOSITION]

      [HABITUAL/OCCASIONAL]

      [IMPERSONAL/PERSONAL]

      1. The most current general word for arrogance of attitude and in behaviour is probably jiāo 驕 (ant.* bēi 卑 "humble in attitude") which refers to an overbearing exaggerated self-confidence and does not essentially involve a negative attitude towards others.

      [DISPOSITION], [GENERAL], [IMPERSONAL]

      2. Ào 傲 (ant. qiān 謙 "unassuming") is primarily an arrogant attitude towards others and a failure to recognise the dignity of others in action. (NB: Only in post-Buddhist times does the word come to designate justified pride.)

      [DISPOSITION], [GRADED], [IMPERSONAL]

      3. Jù 倨 (ant. gōng 恭 "show proper politeness") is primarily an informal physical pose and then by extension nonchalance and a failure to show proper respect for others.

      [BEHAVIOUR], [HABITUAL], [HIGH-DEGREE], [IMPERSONAL]

      4. Màn 慢 (ant. jìng 敬 "show proper respect") refers to arrogance in action as a failure to show proper diligence in polite behaviour towards someone.

      [BEHAVIOUR], [HABITUAL!], [PERSONAL]

      5. Jiàn 僭 may perhaps be construed as arrogance as a result of a failure to recognise boundaries and limits to what is permissible for one, and where another person's responsibilities begin. But the word is marginal in the group. See ARROGATE.

      [BEHAVIOUR], [OCCASIONAL], [PERSONAL]

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      傲慢 / 高傲

      驕傲

      倨傲

      驕矜

      矜誇

      虛驕

      驕

      滿

      傲

      傲慢

      驕慢

      高慢

      神氣

      高傲

      傲物

      傲視

      傲睨

      傲岸

      自負

      自居

      自誇

      自用

      自是

      托大

      自大

      拿大

      孤高

      不自量

      不自量力

      翹尾巴 (coll) refers to snobbish self-importance.

      自高自大

      自以為是

      驕傲自滿

      居功自傲

      妄自尊大

      好為人師

      夜郎自大

      不可一世

      自命不凡

      惟我獨尊

      旁若無人

      目中無人

      眼高於頂

      目無餘子

      目無下塵

      目空一切

      睥睨一切

      鋒芒畢露

      盛氣凌人

      呼么喝六 hū yāo

      老氣橫秋 refers to arrogant presumption of high status.

      倚老賣老

      恃才傲物

      有恃無恐

      大言不慚

      出言不遜

      得意忘形

      忘乎所以

      顧盼自雄

      耀武揚威

      趾高氣揚

      神氣活現

      頤指氣使

      高視闊步

      大模大樣

      煞有介事

      老子天下第一

      老虎屁股摸不得

      first rough draft to identify synonym group members for future analysis, based on CL. 18.11.2003. CH/

      • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 124

        ARROGANTIA, SUPERBIA

        504. C. Fronto: Superbia a superhabendo: arrogantia etiam in pauperem cadit.

        504. Inter Superbiam et arrogantiam. Arrogantia est inanis gloria de eo quod quisque est. Superbia vero, supergrediens elatio mentis de eo quod non est. Superbiae autem gemina est differentia: Una quae spirituales ac summos viros per virtutum jactantiam dejicit, altera quae carnales erga seniorum imperium inobedientes reddit. Dicta autem superbia, quia super vult quam quod est.

      • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 332

      • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 172

      • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

        ARROGANTIA

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

      • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.332

        EIGENDUENKEL

      • Theophrast, Charaktere ( THEOPHRASTUS 1960) p. no. 24

      • 王力古漢語字典 ( WANG LI 2000) p. 1692

        驕，傲

        1. WL claims that jia1o 驕 is psychological and a4o 傲 is a matter of actions. THE MANY COUNTEREXAMPLES TO THIS NEED TO BE EXAMINED.

      • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 219ff

      • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 240

      • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 18

      • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.3:3

        HAUT.HAUTAIN; SUFFISANT.IMPORTANT.ARROGANT

      • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 231

      • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 48A

      Words

      驕  jiāo OC: krew MC: kiɛu 56 AttributionsWD

      The most current general word for arrogance of attitude and in behaviour is probably jiāo 驕 (ant.* bēi 卑 "humble in attitude") which refers to an overbearing exaggerated self-confidence and does not essentially involve a negative attitude towards others. [DISPOSITION], [GENERAL], [IMPERSONAL]

        Word relations
      • Conv: 諂/FLATTER The current word for flattery is chǎn 諂 and the word refers to all kinds discourse exclusively designed to win favour but also includes ingratiating behaviour of other kinds, as notoriously in LY.
      • Ant: 謙/YIELD Qiān 謙(ant. jiāo 驕 "arrogant in attitude" and ào 傲 "impolite and arrogant in action") refers to the general attitude or disposition towards giving precedence to others.
      • Assoc: 倨 / 踞/ARROGANT Jù 倨 (ant. gōng 恭 "show proper politeness") is primarily an informal physical pose and then by extension nonchalance and a failure to show proper respect for others. [BEHAVIOUR], [HABITUAL], [HIGH-DEGREE], [IMPERSONAL]
      • Assoc: 吝/STINGY The negative quality of stinginess is lìn 吝 (ant. POST-BUDDHIST kāng kǎi 慷慨 "generous (with friends)", and in pre-Buddhist times the less exact huì 惠 "generous (to inferiors)").
      • Assoc: 淫/EXCESSIVE Yín 淫 stresses the aspect of indulgence often inherent in excessiveness.
      • Assoc: 矜/PROUD The current word for justified pride as a commendable feeling is jīn 矜, but it is often unclear where the word connotes bragging and negative features of pride.
      • Synon: 慢/ARROGANT Màn 慢 (ant. jìng 敬 "show proper respect") refers to arrogance in action as a failure to show proper diligence in polite behaviour towards someone. [BEHAVIOUR], [HABITUAL!], [PERSONAL]

        Syntactic words
      • nabpsycharrogance
      • vadNarrogant and over-confident 驕君 "arrogant ruler"
      • viactbe overconfident, overbearing; haughty, arrogant, self-important
      • viactbe arrogant in behaviour, be overconfident
      • vichangebecome arrogant
      • vt(+N)be arrogant because the contextually determinate N
      • vt+prep+Ntreat arrogantly 嚴於, fail to show proper respect
      • vt+V[0]be arrogantly proud of V-ing
      • vtoNbehave arrogantly towards
      • vtoNcausativecause to be arrogant and over-confident
      • vtoNfigurativebe arrogant towards> proudly look down uponCH
      • vtoNpsychtake pride in (oneself); be arrogant [the reflexive pronoun is hard to explain, for the meaning of this phrase is NOT "arrogant towards oneself". It is as if we have a medial VP. Not current in MSC or in TPGJ.]
      • vtoNputativeconsider as arrogant (or: declare to be arrogant?)
      傲  ào OC: ŋoows MC: ŋɑu
      傲敖  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 26 AttributionsWD

      Ào 傲 (ant. qiān 謙 "unassuming") is primarily an arrogant attitude towards others and a failure to recognise the dignity of others in action. (NB: Only in post-Buddhist times does the word come to designate justified pride.) [DISPOSITION], [GRADED], [IMPERSONAL]

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 怠 / 殆/LAZY Dài 怠 (ant. jìng 敬 "be respectfully dedicated to one's duties") refers to a customary failure to perform one's official duties with the appropriate seriousness of effort.

        Syntactic words
      • nabpsycharrogance
      • vadNarrogant
      • vibe proud (as one should be or naturally might be of great achievements)
      • viactmake a show of arrogance; be arrogant to others in attitude and action
      • vtoNattitudinaltreat with arrogant disrespect; be arrogant towards be non-chalant vis-a-vis (e.g. punishments)
      倨  jù OC: kas MC: ki̯ɤ
      踞  jù OC: kas MC: ki̯ɤ 9 AttributionsWD

      Jù 倨 (ant. gōng 恭 "show proper politeness") is primarily an informal physical pose and then by extension nonchalance and a failure to show proper respect for others. [BEHAVIOUR], [HABITUAL], [HIGH-DEGREE], [IMPERSONAL]

        Word relations
      • Ant: 卑/HUMBLE The current general word for objective low social status without any connotation concerning moral worth is bēi 卑 (ant. zūn 尊 "objectively venerable by social standards").

        Syntactic words
      • vadNarrogant; impolitely informal
      • vibe arrogantly nonchalant in behaviour, be impolitely informal
      慢  màn OC: mroons MC: mɣan 9 AttributionsWD

      Màn 慢 (ant. jìng 敬 "show proper respect") refers to arrogance in action as a failure to show proper diligence in polite behaviour towards someone. [BEHAVIOUR], [HABITUAL!], [PERSONAL]

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 傲 / 傲敖/ARROGANT Ào 傲 (ant. qiān 謙 "unassuming") is primarily an arrogant attitude towards others and a failure to recognise the dignity of others in action. (NB: Only in post-Buddhist times does the word come to designate justified pride.) [DISPOSITION], [GRADED], [IMPERSONAL]
      • Synon: 驕/ARROGANT The most current general word for arrogance of attitude and in behaviour is probably jiāo 驕 (ant.* bēi 卑 "humble in attitude") which refers to an overbearing exaggerated self-confidence and does not essentially involve a negative attitude towards others. [DISPOSITION], [GENERAL], [IMPERSONAL]

        Syntactic words
      • nabactarrogance in behaviour;
      • nabpsychconceit, superciliousness
      • vadNarrogant
      • vibe reckless and arrogantCH
      • vt+prep+Nbehave arrogantly towards
      • vtoNshow arrogant disrespect for someone, fail to pay proper polite attention to someone.
      伉  kàng OC: khaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 6 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabpsychoffensively arrogant disposition
      • vadNarrogant
      • vadVarrogantly, with provocative arrogance
      • viactbe arrogant and overbearing
      • vifigurativeinsensitive, blunt
      泰  tài OC: thaads MC: thɑi 5 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Oppos: 禮/RITUAL The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. However the term can also be used to refer to individual prescribed rituals.

        Syntactic words
      • narrogance; arrogant begaviour
      • viactbe presumptuous; overbearing
      • viactbe proud
      不禮  bù lǐ OC: pɯʔ riiʔ MC: pi̯ut lei 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactbe impolite; fail to show proper politeness according to ritual
      • VPtoNbe impolite to
      憍  jiāo OC: krew MC: kiɛu 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vibe arrogant; haughty
      憍慢  jiāo màn OC: krew mroons MC: kiɛu mɣan 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe arrogant
      驁  ào OC: ŋoows MC: ŋɑu 2 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 愎/STUBBORN Bì 愎 refers to stubbornness as a deplorable feature involving lack of flexibility and obstinacy.

        Syntactic words
      • viactbe recklessly unrestrained and arrogant
      • vtoNabtake an arrogant attutude towards Nab
      倨傲  jù ào OC: kas ŋoows MC: ki̯ɤ ŋɑu 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactshow every kind of arrogance
      我慢  wǒ màn OC: ŋaalʔ mroons MC: ŋɑ mɣan 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactBUDDH: arrogant and improper behaviour
      • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: self-pride, egotism, arrogance; skr. abhimāna; ātma-mada
      驕盈  jiāo yíng OC: krew leŋ MC: kiɛu jiɛŋ 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPipsychswell with arroganceLZ
      敖  ào MC: -- OC: --CH 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabdispositioncallous lack of brotherly-care-like sympathy and concernCH
      • vtoNcontinuativeào=傲 treat with arrogant disrespectCH
      亢  kàng OC: khaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabpsycharrogance
      • viacthaughty, overbearing
      • vtoNshow arrogance towards
      僭  jiàn OC: skɯɯms MC: tsem 1 AttributionWD

      Jiàn 僭 may perhaps be construed as arrogance as a result of a failure to recognise boundaries and limits to what is permissible for one, and where another person's responsibilities begin. But the word is marginal in the group. [BEHAVIOUR], [OCCASIONAL], [PERSONAL]

        Word relations
      • Contrast: 逼 / 逼/THREATEN Bī 逼/偪 refers to a mild form of often emotionally based more indirect pressure, and the word is commonly an active transitive verb with a direct object.

        Syntactic words
      • vtoNattitudinaltreat without proper restraint and respect for the rules of propriety ZUO 僭嫚於鬼神
      嫚  màn OC: mroons MC: mɣan 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vibe insolent
      倨固  jù gù OC: kas kaas MC: ki̯ɤ kuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe arrogant and headstrong
      偃蹇  yǎn jiǎn OC: qanʔ kranʔ MC: ʔi̯ɐn kiɛn 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe arrogant
      夷固  yí gù OC: li kaas MC: ji kuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe arrogantly stubborn
      恃力  shì lì OC: ɡljɯʔ ɡ-rɯɡ MC: dʑɨ lɨk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactbehave in a self-assertive arrogant manner
      暴慢  bào màn OC: boowɡs mroons MC: bɑu mɣan 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabviolent arrogance
      自高  zì gāo OC: sblids koow MC: dzi kɑu 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe arrogant
      驁愎  ào bì OC: ŋoows brɯɡ MC: ŋɑu bɨk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe arrogantly insensitive
      驕佚  jiāo yì OC: krew liɡ MC: kiɛu jit 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiresultativebe arrogant so as to become remiss
      驕榮  jiāo róng OC: krew ɢʷeŋ MC: kiɛu ɦɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNcausativecause to become arrogant and self-glorifying
      驕矜  jiāo jīn OC: krew klɯŋ MC: kiɛu kɨŋ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNintensitivebe very haughty towards
      驕溢  jiāo yì MC: kjew yit OC: krew k-liɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNactbehave arrogantly towards NLZ
      驕暴  jiāo bào MC: kjew bawH  OC: krew boowɡs LZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe recklessly arrogantLZ
      憍泄  jiāo xiè MC: kjew sjet OC: krew sledLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPab= jiao1xie4 驕媟: arroganceLZ
      偃卻  yǎn què MC: 'jonX khjak OC: qanʔ khaɡLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiarrogant (XUN)LZ
      嫚易  màn yì MC: maenH yeH OC: mroons leeɡsDS 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiarrogant and frivolousDS
      驕揚  jiāo yáng MC: kjew yang OC: krew k-laŋDS 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPibe arrogant and excessiveDS
      怠嫚  dài màn OC: lɯɯʔ mroons MC: dəi mɣan 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPiactbe remiss and arrogant
      自驕  zì jiāo OC: sblids krew MC: dzi kiɛu 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      貢高  gòng gāo OC: kooŋs koow MC: kuŋ kɑu 0 AttributionsWD
      • 正法華經 Zhèng fǎhuá jīng Saddharmapunnarnkasūtra, Lotus sutra Taishō ( LOTUS(B)) p. 65a7, 86a28, 109a28, 123a3

        Syntactic words
      • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: pride, arrogance
      貢高我慢  gòng gāo wǒ màn OC: kooŋs koow ŋaalʔ mroons MC: kuŋ kɑu ŋɑ mɣan 0 AttributionsWD
      • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 5966a

        Syntactic words
      • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: arrogance and self-pride (devaluating the achievements of others and exaggerating one's own achievements; compare gònggāo zìdà 貢高自大 in LOTUS(B): 109á8); see also zēngshàng màn 增上慢)

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