BASIS  根本本

LOWEST AND/OR MOST IMPORTANT PART of something.
FOUNDATIONFOUNDATIONSUPPORTBASEREASONINGRATIONALEDEFENSEREASONGROUNDSJUSTIFICATIONMOTIVATIONSTARTING POINTBASEPOINT OF DEPARTUREBEGINNINGPREMISEFUNDAMENTAL POINT/PRINCIPLEPRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTMAIN INGREDIENTCORNERSTONECOREHEARTTHRUSTESSENCEKERNELNUB
Antonym
Hypernym
  • PARTOBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT.
See also
  • CONFORMACT so as to NOT to OFFEND against RULES OR a MODEL.
    • RELY ONTRUST in AND USE OR CONFORM to as being PROFITABLE to one's AIMS.
      • BASICALLYCONFORMING TO WHAT IS BASIC IN SOMETHING.
        Hyponym
        • EMPIRICAL　BASED on PERCEIVING AND NOT ONLY BASED on REPORTS.
          Old Chinese Criteria
          [ABSTRACT/CONCRETE]

          [[COMMON/RARE]]

          [DYNAMIC/STATIC]

          [GENERAL/SPECIFIC]

          1. The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense.

          [GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]]

          2. Duān 端 "beginning" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") is current in the meaning "initial crucial element, initiating fundamental property", and this is a very philosophial subtle word which conceives of what is crucial as dynamically affecting the rest.

          [ABSTRACT], [DYNAMIC]

          3. Gēn 根 "the root from which things spring" (ant. miǎo 杪 "small twig") is often used together with běn 本, but can also by itself be used in metaphorical senses, but the word is much rarer than běn 本 in this meaning.

          [STATIC]

          4. Jī 基 is sometimes used in a literal sense of "foundation on which something rests", but the word is common in figurative senses as in "the solid foundations of the state".

          [CONCRETE], [STATIC]

          5. Zōng 宗 is ethereal and always abstract, sometimes even purely semantic in meaning.

          [ABSTRACT], [STATIC]; [[RARE]]

          6. Yīn 因 (ant. guǒ 果 "result") is causal in meaning and emphasises the dynamic causal link between the yīn 因 and whatever is based on it.

          [GENERAL], [DYNAMIC]

          Modern Chinese Criteria
          根本

          基本

          元本

          本

          基礎

          基業

          基石

          木本

          水源

          地基

          基礎

          基趾

          根腳

          根基

          rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

          Words

          本  běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 82 Attributions

          The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense. [GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]]

            Word relations
          • Ant: 末/UNIMPORTANT Mò 末 (ant. běn 本 "basic and important")) refers to something being marginal as opposed to other things that are central or crucial
          • Object: 務/STRIVE FOR The current general word for striving for something as an important aim in one's life is wù 務.
          • Object: 返 / 反/RETURN Fǎn 反/返 (ant. wǎng 往 "set out for") is to get back to where one came from, and the focus is on whereto one returns. 及反 is "when he had got back", 未反 is "before he had god back". 反哭 is wailing upon one's return, not while returning.
          • Object: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")
          • Epithet: 主/IMPORTANT Zhǔ 主 (ant. cì 次 "secondary") refers to what is crucial and primary, or dominant, in a certain context.
          • Epithet: 主/RULER The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant").
          • Contrast: 初/BEGIN Chū 初 (ant. mò 末 "end") is purely chronological and refers to the early stage of something that persists, without indicating any lasting influence of that early stage on later developments. See FIRST
          • Contrast: 原 / 源/SOURCE Yuán 源/原 refers to an original source, and this word is rich in metaphysical or abstract connotation. See BEGIN
          • Contrast: 始/BEGIN The general word for something occurring for the crucial and influential first time or initiating anything, in particular any development, is shǐ 始 (ant. zhōng 終"bring to an end; come to an end" and chéng 成 "bring to a successful end, complete").
          • Contrast: 實/REALITY The current word referring to reality is shí 實 (ant. xū 虛 "pretended reality"), but the word acquired this meaning rather late (meaning "object" in earlier texts).
          • Synon: 祖/ANCESTOR Zǔ 祖 (ant. hòu 後 "offspring") is the current general term for genetic literal ancestors. [CURRENT], [LITERAL], [MALE]

            Syntactic words
          • n(post-N)what is basic in the contextually determinate NCH
          • nabthe basicsCH
          • nab(post-N)psychwhat is basic for oneCH
          • nab.post-Nwhat is basic and crucial in N; the basic and crucial features of N; primary consideration in N
          • nabmetaphysicalwhat is basic and crucial, basic principleLZ
          • nadNbasic, fundamental; original (seat etc)
          • nadVas far as the basis is concerned, in regard of what is basic; basically 性本善"nature is basically good"
          • npost-Nthe basis of N (many examples need to be moved here)
          • npost-Vthe basis of/for V-ingLZ
          • viabstractbe abstract, be basicCH
          • viactlay the foundations of things
          • vt+prep+Nbe based on
          • vtoNattitudinalto take N as one's basisLZ
          • vttoN1.+N2lay the foundations of N1 in N2
          基  jī OC: kɯ MC: kɨ 31 Attributions

          Jī 基 is sometimes used in a literal sense of "foundation on which something rests", but the word is common in figurative senses as in "the solid foundations of the state". [CONCRETE], [STATIC]

            Syntactic words
          • nconcrete: foundations (of a house)
          • nabmetaphysicalbasis, foundations (of the state etc)
          • vtoNlay foundations for, serve as a foundation for
          端  duān OC: toon MC: tʷɑn 17 Attributions

          Duān 端 "beginning" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") is current in the meaning "initial crucial element, initiating fundamental property", and this is a very philosophial subtle word which conceives of what is crucial as dynamically affecting the rest. [ABSTRACT], [DYNAMIC]

            Syntactic words
          • nabmetaphysicalpsychological basis (see also FEELING); basic elements; basic point made; basic orientation; point of view, approach; basic motives
          • nadVoriginally, fundamentally
          根  gēn OC: kɯɯn MC: kən 15 Attributions

          Gēn 根 "the root from which things spring" (ant. miǎo 杪 "small twig") is often used together with běn 本, but can also by itself be used in metaphorical senses, but the word is much rarer than běn 本 in this meaning. [STATIC]

            Syntactic words
          • nabmetaphysicalabstract and metaphorical: root; basis; karmic basis (BUDDH.: orig. tr. SANSKRIT indriya or mūla; see http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?68.xml+id('b6839'))
          • nadNbasic
          • vibe basic
          • vt+prep+Nbe based in, have one's roots in MENG 仁義禮智根於心。that is to say, benevolence, rightness, the rites and wisdom, is rooted in his heart.
          宗  zōng OC: tsuuŋ MC: tsuo̝ŋ 6 Attributions

          Zōng 宗 is ethereal and always abstract, sometimes even purely semantic in meaning. [ABSTRACT], [STATIC]; [[RARE]]

            Syntactic words
          • nabbasic point; basic doctrine
          因  yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 5 Attributions

          Yīn 因 (ant. guǒ 果"result") is causal in meaning and emphasises the dynamic causal link between the yīn 因 and whatever is based on it. [GENERAL], [DYNAMIC]

            Syntactic words
          • nabmetaphysicalbasis; power base
          • vt(oN.)adVbasing oneself on N to go on to VCH
          • vtoNmiddle voicebe based onCH
          根本  gēn běn OC: kɯɯn pɯɯnʔ MC: kən puo̝n 4 Attributions
            Syntactic words
          • NPabmetaphysicalbasic principles
          • NPadNbasic
          由  yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 3 Attributions
            Syntactic words
          • nabcause > base, origin; reason
          元  yuán OC: ŋɡon MC: ŋi̯ɐn 2 Attributions

            Word relations
          • Epithet: 氣/ENERGY The most general current word for material vital cosmic energies of any kind is qì 氣.

            Syntactic words
          • nabmetaphysicalfundamenal basis, original basia
          • nadVbasically
          幹  gàn OC: kaans MC: kɑn 2 Attributions
            Syntactic words
          • nabmetaphysicalbasis (metaphorical)
          由來  yóu lái OC: liw m-rɯɯ MC: jɨu ləi 2 Attributions
          • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 419

            glossed as 向來；本來; examples from YOUXIANKU and Tang poetry

            Syntactic words
          • VPadVbasically, originally, fundamentally
          本元  běn yuán OC: pɯɯnʔ ŋɡon MC: puo̝n ŋi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
            Syntactic words
          • NPadVbasically
          立乎  lì hū MC: lip hu OC: ɡ-rub ɢaaCH 1 Attribution
            Syntactic words
          • vtoNcontinuativebe solidly based onCH
          壇  tán MC: dan OC: daanCH 1 Attribution
            Syntactic words
          • nbasisCH
          元元本本  yuán yuán běn běn MC: ngjwon ngjwon pwonX pwonX OC: ŋɡon ŋɡon pɯɯnʔ pɯɯnʔCH 1 Attribution
            Syntactic words
          • NPadSvery basicallyCH
          綦  qí MC: gi OC: ɡɯLZ 1 Attribution
            Syntactic words
          • nmetaphysical(= ji1 基) basis, (abstract) foundationsLZ
          機根  jī gēn OC: kɯl kɯɯn MC: kɨi kən 0 Attributions
          • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 425a,#1; 214,#2

            Syntactic words
          • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: basis of capacity > the religious capacity of a person (the basic character of a person in terms of his ability to engage in religious practice and gain realization; because of the differences in capacity the Buddhist teaching must be ajusted to the listener; see also gēnxìng 根性); SANSKRIT indriya
          主  zhǔ OC: tjoʔ MC: tɕi̯o 0 Attributions
            Syntactic words
          • npost-NYI: basis for N 榮辱之主 "basis for glory and shame"
          凡  fán MC: bjaem OC: blomCH 0 Attributions
            Syntactic words

          Existing SW for

          Here are Syntactic Words already defined in the database: