BASIS    根本本

LOWEST AND/OR MOST IMPORTANT PART of something.
FOUNDATIONFOUNDATIONSUPPORTBASEREASONINGRATIONALEDEFENSEREASONGROUNDSJUSTIFICATIONMOTIVATIONSTARTING POINTBASEPOINT OF DEPARTUREBEGINNINGPREMISEFUNDAMENTAL POINT/PRINCIPLEPRINCIPAL CONSTITUENTMAIN INGREDIENTCORNERSTONECOREHEARTTHRUSTESSENCEKERNELNUB
Old Chinese Criteria
[ABSTRACT/CONCRETE] [[COMMON/RARE]] [DYNAMIC/STATIC] [GENERAL/SPECIFIC] 1. The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense. [GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]] 2. Duān 端 "beginning" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") is current in the meaning "initial crucial element, initiating fundamental property", and this is a very philosophial subtle word which conceives of what is crucial as dynamically affecting the rest. [ABSTRACT], [DYNAMIC] 3. Gēn 根 "the root from which things spring" (ant. miǎo 杪 "small twig") is often used together with běn 本, but can also by itself be used in metaphorical senses, but the word is much rarer than běn 本 in this meaning. [STATIC] 4. Jī 基 is sometimes used in a literal sense of "foundation on which something rests", but the word is common in figurative senses as in "the solid foundations of the state". [CONCRETE], [STATIC] 5. Zōng 宗 is ethereal and always abstract, sometimes even purely semantic in meaning. [ABSTRACT], [STATIC]; [[RARE]] 6. Yīn 因 (ant. guǒ 果 "result") is causal in meaning and emphasises the dynamic causal link between the yīn 因 and whatever is based on it. [GENERAL], [DYNAMIC]
Modern Chinese Criteria
根本 基本 元本 本 基礎 基業 基石 木本 水源 地基 基礎 基趾 根腳 根基 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • EMPIRICAL　BASED on PERCEIVING AND NOT ONLY BASED on REPORTS. (anc: 5/0, child: 0)
Antonym
See also
  • CONFORMACT so as to NOT to OFFEND against RULES OR a MODEL.
  • RELY ONTRUST in AND USE OR CONFORM to as being PROFITABLE to one's AIMS.
  • BASICALLYCONFORMING TO WHAT IS BASIC IN SOMETHING.
Hypernym
  • PART　OBJECT which COMBINES with OTHER OBJECTS to BECOME ONE LARGER WHOLE OBJECT. (anc: 3/0, child: 8)
  • OBJECT　[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to. (anc: 2/0, child: 6)
  • PRIME　 (anc: 1/0, child: 2)
  • 同義詞例解（三） Tongyici lijie Yuyanxuexi ( XIAO YAN 1952) p.

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 135

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 120

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.118

    • Words (19 items)

    本  běn OC: pɯɯnʔ MC: puo̝n 85 Attributions

    The basic word is běn 本 "the trunk, the main part" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") and this word refers to the crucial constituent of something in any sense. [GENERAL], [STATIC]; [[COMMON]]

      Word relations
    • Ant: 末/UNIMPORTANT Mò 末 (ant. běn 本 "basic and important")) refers to something being marginal as opposed to other things that are central or crucial
    • Object: 務/STRIVE FOR The current general word for striving for something as an important aim in one's life is wù 務.
    • Object: 返 / 反/RETURN Fǎn 反/返 (ant. wǎng 往 "set out for") is to get back to where one came from, and the focus is on whereto one returns. 及反 is "when he had got back", 未反 is "before he had god back". 反哭 is wailing upon one's return, not while returning.
    • Object: 知/UNDERSTAND The standard current and word for understanding something and knowing how to do something is zhī 知 (ant. mèi 昧 "not have the foggiest idea")
    • Epithet: 主/IMPORTANT Zhǔ 主 (ant. cì 次 "secondary") refers to what is crucial and primary, or dominant, in a certain context.
    • Epithet: 主/RULER The current general word for a person in charge of others are zhǔ 主 (ant. pú 僕 "servant").
    • Contrast: 初/BEGIN Chū 初 (ant. mò 末 "end") is purely chronological and refers to the early stage of something that persists, without indicating any lasting influence of that early stage on later developments. See FIRST
    • Contrast: 原 / 源/SOURCE Yuán 源/原 refers to an original source, and this word is rich in metaphysical or abstract connotation. See BEGIN
    • Contrast: 始/BEGIN The general word for something occurring for the crucial and influential first time or initiating anything, in particular any development, is shǐ 始 (ant. zhōng 終"bring to an end; come to an end" and chéng 成 "bring to a successful end, complete").
    • Contrast: 實/REALITY The current word referring to reality is shí 實 (ant. xū 虛 "pretended reality"), but the word acquired this meaning rather late (meaning "object" in earlier texts).
    • Synon: 祖/ANCESTOR Zǔ 祖 (ant. hòu 後 "offspring") is the current general term for genetic literal ancestors. [CURRENT], [LITERAL], [MALE]

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)what is basic in the contextually determinate NCH
    • nabthe basicsCH
    • nab(post-N)psychwhat is basic for oneCH
    • nab.post-Nwhat is basic and crucial in N; the basic and crucial features of N; primary consideration in N
    • nabmetaphysicalwhat is basic and crucial, basic principleLZ
    • nadNbasic, fundamental; original (seat etc)
    • nadVas far as the basis is concerned, in regard of what is basic; basically 性本善"nature is basically good"
    • npost-Nthe basis of N (many examples need to be moved here)
    • npost-Vthe basis of/for V-ingLZ
    • viabstractbe abstract, be basicCH
    • viactlay the foundations of things
    • vt+prep+Nbe based on
    • vtoNattitudinalto take N as one's basisLZ
    • vttoN1.+N2lay the foundations of N1 in N2
    基  jī OC: kɯ MC: kɨ 31 Attributions

    Jī 基 is sometimes used in a literal sense of "foundation on which something rests", but the word is common in figurative senses as in "the solid foundations of the state". [CONCRETE], [STATIC]

      Syntactic words
    • nconcrete: foundations (of a house)
    • nabmetaphysicalbasis, foundations (of the state etc)
    • vtoNlay foundations for, serve as a foundation for
    端  duān OC: toon MC: tʷɑn 18 Attributions

    Duān 端 "beginning" (ant. mò 末 "marginal part") is current in the meaning "initial crucial element, initiating fundamental property", and this is a very philosophial subtle word which conceives of what is crucial as dynamically affecting the rest. [ABSTRACT], [DYNAMIC]

      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalpsychological basis (see also FEELING); basic elements; basic point made; basic orientation; point of view, approach; basic motives
    • nadVoriginally, fundamentally
    根  gēn OC: kɯɯn MC: kən 15 Attributions

    Gēn 根 "the root from which things spring" (ant. miǎo 杪 "small twig") is often used together with běn 本, but can also by itself be used in metaphorical senses, but the word is much rarer than běn 本 in this meaning. [STATIC]

      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalabstract and metaphorical: root; basis; karmic basis (BUDDH.: orig. tr. SANSKRIT indriya or mūla; see http://www.buddhism-dict.net/cgi-bin/xpr-ddb.pl?68.xml+id('b6839'))
    • nadNbasic
    • vibe basic
    • vt+prep+Nbe based in, have one's roots in MENG 仁義禮智根於心。that is to say, benevolence, rightness, the rites and wisdom, is rooted in his heart.
    宗  zōng OC: tsuuŋ MC: tsuo̝ŋ 6 Attributions

    Zōng 宗 is ethereal and always abstract, sometimes even purely semantic in meaning. [ABSTRACT], [STATIC]; [[RARE]]

      Syntactic words
    • nabbasic point; basic doctrine
    因  yīn OC: qin MC: ʔin 5 Attributions

    Yīn 因 (ant. guǒ 果"result") is causal in meaning and emphasises the dynamic causal link between the yīn 因 and whatever is based on it. [GENERAL], [DYNAMIC]

      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalbasis; power base
    • vt(oN.)adVbasing oneself on N to go on to VCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe based onCH
    根本  gēn běn OC: kɯɯn pɯɯnʔ MC: kən puo̝n 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabmetaphysicalbasic principles
    • NPadNbasic
    由  yóu OC: liw MC: jɨu 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabcause > base, origin; reason
    由來  yóu lái OC: liw m-rɯɯ MC: jɨu ləi 2 Attributions
    • 唐五代語言詞典 Táng Wǔdài yǔyán cídiǎn A Dictionary of the Language of the Tang and Five Dynasties Periods ( JIANG/CAO 1997) p. 419

      glossed as 向來；本來; examples from YOUXIANKU and Tang poetry

      Syntactic words
    • VPadVbasically, originally, fundamentally
    元  yuán OC: ŋɡon MC: ŋi̯ɐn 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Epithet: 氣/ENERGY The most general current word for material vital cosmic energies of any kind is qì 氣.

      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalfundamenal basis, original basia
    • nadVbasically
    幹  gàn OC: kaans MC: kɑn 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabmetaphysicalbasis (metaphorical)
    綦  qí MC: gi OC: ɡɯ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmetaphysical(= ji1 基) basis, (abstract) foundationsLZ
    立乎  lì hū MC: lip hu OC: ɡ-rub ɢaa 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcontinuativebe solidly based onCH
    本元  běn yuán OC: pɯɯnʔ ŋɡon MC: puo̝n ŋi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadVbasically
    元元本本  yuán yuán běn běn MC: ngjwon ngjwon pwonX pwonX OC: ŋɡon ŋɡon pɯɯnʔ pɯɯnʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPadSvery basicallyCH
    壇  tán MC: dan OC: daan 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nbasisCH
    機根  jī gēn OC: kɯl kɯɯn MC: kɨi kən 0 Attributions
    • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 425a,#1; 214,#2

      Syntactic words
    • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: basis of capacity > the religious capacity of a person (the basic character of a person in terms of his ability to engage in religious practice and gain realization; because of the differences in capacity the Buddhist teaching must be ajusted to the listener; see also gēnxìng 根性); SANSKRIT indriya
    主  zhǔ OC: tjoʔ MC: tɕi̯o 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npost-NYI: basis for N 榮辱之主 "basis for glory and shame"
    凡  fán MC: bjaem OC: blom 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words