SHOW    表示示

ACT so as to TRY TO CAUSE something TO be PERCEIVED OR UNDERSTOOD.
DISPLAYEXHIBITPUT ON SHOW/DISPLAYPUT ON VIEWPARADEUNCOVERREVEALREVEALSHOWMAKE PLAINMANIFESTINDICATEDISPLAYEXHIBITDEMONSTRATEEVIDENCEATTEST TOCONVEYCOMMUNICATEPROCLAIMBESPEAKINFORMAL OOZE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general word for making anything visible is shì 示 (ant. hán 含 "keep to oneself"). 2. Xiàn 見 / 現 (ant. bì 蔽 "make invisible to others,") refers to making visible what is there. 3. Xiǎn 顯 (ant. yǐn 隱 "hide from sight") is to make something prominently visible to wider audience. 4. Yáng 揚 (ant. yì 抑 "suppress and keep from general knowledge") is to make something universally visible to the general public. 5. Zhù 著 (ant. bì 蔽 "block from sight") is to show something up as deserving great attention. 6. Chén 陳 (ant. cáng 藏 "hide") is to lay out something so as to make it accessible to inspection. 7. Zhāo 昭 (yōu 幽 "keep in obscurity") is to cast light over something so as to make it accessible to wide appreciation. 8. Zhāng 彰 (ant. yì 抑 is to give proper illustrious public status to something that is held to clearly deserve such recognition. 9. Zhú 燭 (ant. yǐn 隱 "keep in the dark") is to cast enought light on something dark in order to make it visible. 10. Pù 暴 is to make accessible to view what is covered and therefore inaccessible to inspection.
Modern Chinese Criteria
表示 is the most current general word for showing or revealing someing. 表現 refers to making something visible that might typically be itself invisible. 暴露 refers to revealing something that should be hidden. 揭示 refers to the revealing of something abstract that might be difficult to fully understand. 揭發 refers to disclosing something that might have been kept secret. 泄露 refers to leaking information supposed to be secret. 透出去 refers to leaking something one is supposed to keep secret. 走漏 refers to information supposed to being kept secret being leaked. 露餡兒 refers to "letting the cat out of the bag". 象徵 refers to showing something by standing for it as a symbol etc.. 代表 refers to showing something by standing for it as a sign etc.. 顯示 refers to revealing something abstract clearly for all to see. 表露 refers to showing openly something abstract that might otherwise be hidden. 顯露 refers to showing very clearly something abstract that might otherwise be more obscure. 體現 "manifest" refers to making visibly manifest something that is within oneself. 反應 "reflect" refers to showing something as a result of receiving an impression from something else and is marginal to the group. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • INTRODUCE　SHOW HUMANS to each other so as to CAUSE them TO MUTUALLY ADDRESS each other AND to INTERACT. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • THEATRE　PUBLIC SHOW of ACT:action so as to PLAY FOR AMUSEMENT. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • EXPRESS　SHOW CLEARLY USING WORDS OR GESTURES (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • ADVERTISE　SHOW SOMETHING PUBLICLY IN ORDER TO MAKE IT FAMOUS AND TO SELL IT. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • DEMONSTRATION　PUBLIC SHOWING, BY a GROUP of HUMANS, their OPINION CONCERNING MATTERS OF GOVERNMENT AND PUBLIC INTEREST IN ORDER TO CHANGE POLICIES. (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • PARADE　SHOW ONE'S ARMY (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
  • POINT TO　SHOW BY MOVING ONE'S FINGER IN THE DIRECTION OF (anc: 13/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • CONCEALCAUSE TO BECOME OBSCURE:invisible.
Hypernym
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • CHANGE　EVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2. (anc: 9/0, child: 18)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 15.55

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    SHOW

    ostendere refers to the showing of something insofar as one makes something observable, lets it be seen and does not keep it secret.

    monstrare refers to showing something insofar as one imparts inofrmation thereby.

    declarare refers to making something inident and clear, thus dispelling doubt.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 115

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 258

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 71

  • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 12.1182

    ZEIGEN

  • Handbuch der lateinischen und griechischen Synonymik ( SCHMIDT 1889) p. 28

  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 392

  • 跟我學同義詞 ( CAI SHAOWEI 2010) p. 88

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.268.225

    AFFECTATION.AFFETERIE AFFECTER.SE PIQUER

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.161

  • A New Dictionary of Classical Greek Synonyms ( T.W.HARBSMEIER 2004) p. NO.161

    • Words (62 items)

    示  shì OC: ɢljils MC: ʑi
    視  shì OC: ɢljils MC: ʑi 50 Attributions

    The most general word for making anything visible is shì 示 (ant. hán 含"keep to oneself").

      Syntactic words
    • vibe demonstrative
    • vtoNset an example for; give a sign to, put on notice; instruct
    • vtoNabshow
    • vtoNN=featuredisplay (the feature N)
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2show the determinate object to (someone); make a show of the contextually determinate thing to N
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2show the contextually determinate object N1 to N2
    • vtt(oN1.)+vtoN2show the contextually determinate N1 N2
    • vtt(oN1.)postvt(oN2{OBJ})show the contextually determinate N2 to the contextually determinate audience N1
    • vtt+prep+N1:postvt(oN2)show (something) to (someone)
    • vtt[oN1.]+N2show things to N2LZ
    • vttoN.+Sshow (to someone) that S
    • vttoN.+V[0]V=compto show (something N) as if it is (V-ing)
    • vttoN.+VtoSshow to > instruct, teach somebody S
    • vttoN1+.vtoN2show (someone N1) (something N2)
    • vttoN1.+N2demonstrate (something N2) to (someone N1), make (something N2) clear to (an audience N1); make a demonstration of N2 to N1
    • vttoN1.+N2show something N1 to someone N2LZ
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2show (something) in (some place)其如示諸斯乎
    • vttoN1.postvt(oN2{OBJ})show the contextually determinate N2 to N1
    • vttoN1.postvtoN2{OBJ}show N2 to N1
    現  xiàn OC: ɡeens MC: ɦen
    見  xiàn OC: ɡeens MC: ɦen 48 Attributions

    Xiàn 見/現 (ant. bì 蔽 "make invisible to others,") refers to making visible what is there.

      Word relations
    • Object: 善/EXCELLENT Shàn 善 (ant. zhuó 拙 "inept"), when the word does not mean moral goodness, but is close in meaning to liáng 良, refers to an acquired specific skill or propensity for certain forms of action.
    • Synon: 露/SHOW

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNab{S}show that S
    • vtoNcausativemake visible, show openly; make a show of; cause to appear; show, display (abilities);
    • vtoNpsychshow off; make a display of (oneself)
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2reflexive.自show (oneself) to N2
    明  míng OC: mraŋ MC: mɣaŋ 18 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 表/SHOW Biǎo 表 refers to making something publicly visible, by publishing or by display.

      Syntactic words
    • vibe seen in a positive light, be popularLZ
    • vtoNshow up, make clear; show up in a positive light, show up the virtues of
    顯  xiǎn OC: qhleenʔ MC: hen 16 Attributions

    Xiǎn 顯 (ant. yǐn 隱 "hide from sight") is to make something prominently visible to wider audience.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactshowing oneself in public
    • vadVpublicly, demonstratively; overtly
    • viactshow oneself
    • vpostadVcause to be illustriousCH
    • vtoNcausativeshow off; make a show of; make visible; make public and clear; highlight
    • vtoNmiddle voiceget shownCH
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe made visible/famous to NCH
    • vttoN1.+N2show off N1 to N2, make a show of N1 for N2
    指  zhǐ OC: kjiʔ MC: tɕi 16 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactpoint with the finger
    • vt(oN)point a finger at (a contextually determinate N)
    • vt+prep+Npoint at (with the finger)
    • vt[oN]point one's finger at various peopleLZ
    • vtoNpoint a finger at
    • vtoNfigurativepoint to, lead on to, show up
    效  xiào OC: ɡreews MC: ɦɣɛu 14 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeHF 7.3.8: show up clearly (one's real thoughts); show through action, show in action; deploy in action; make a show of
    徇  xùn OC: sɢʷlins MC: zʷin 12 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Object: 國/STATE The dominant word is guó 國, and the word naturally focusses on the capital which defines the identity of the state, but from Warring States times the word does refer to the whole of the territory, as the term guó xiāo 國削 "the state was truncated" shows.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+N.adVmake an announcement to N saying 殉於x曰
    • vt.postVt(oN)display (someone) to the public 以徇
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2omdisplay the dead body of an executed person (to some public or group of people) 殉國
    • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2omdisplay someone determinate N1 to (some public recipient N2) 殉於x
    • vtt+prep+N1:postvt(oN2)display someone contextually determinate N2 to (a public N1) 以殉於國
    指示  zhǐ shì OC: kjiʔ ɢljils MC: tɕi ʑi 12 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactinstruction, demonstration
    • VPt+prep+Ninstruct somebody
    • VPtoNinstruct, elucidate to (somebody)
    • VPtt(oN1.)(+N2)omelucidate (a matter) (to somebody), instruct (somebody) (concerning a contextually determinate matter)
    • VPtt(oN1.)+prep+N2elucidate a matter (contextually determinate) to somebody
    • VPttoN1.+N2elucidate a matter to somebody, point out something to somebody, instruct somebody about a matter
    章  zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabeventsymbolic manifestation
    • vichangebecome manifest, show up clearly
    • vtoNdemonstrate; publicise, show up for what something is (loan for 彰); make visible
    • vtoNmiddle voiceshow up, be displayed, be visible
    著  zhù OC: k-las MC: ʈi̯ɤ 8 Attributions

    Zhù 著 (ant. bì 蔽 "block from sight") is to show something up as deserving great attention.

      Syntactic words
    • vichangeCC270: become illustrious; CC432: become well-known
    • vt(oN)display the contextually determinate NCH
    • vtoNmake a display of; bring to everyone's attentionCH
    • vtoNpassivebe on showCH
    • vtoNpsychdisplay (oneself)
    • vtoNreflexive.其ZZ 33.1337: make manifest (oneself); celebrate publicly
    • vttoN1.+N2make manifest, publicise (something N2) for (somebody N1)
    表  biǎo OC: prawʔ MC: piɛu 7 Attributions

    Biǎo 表 refers to making something publicly visible, by publishing or by display.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 明/SHOW
    • Contrast: 著/WRITE Zhù 著 and zhuàn 撰 are late words referring to the act of writing of a text.
    • Contrast: 頌/PRAISE Sòng 頌 (ant. zhòu 咒 "make calumniatory remarks about") refers literally to the singing of someone's praises, but as in English, the praising thus described may actually be in ornate prose.

      Syntactic words
    • nabexpression, manifestation
    • vtoNmake public, make widely known, advertise openly; mark out
    • vtoSexpress that
    昭  zhāo OC: kljew MC: tɕiɛu 7 Attributions

    Zhāo 昭 (yōu 幽 "keep in obscurity") is to cast light over something so as to make it accessible to wide appreciation.

      Syntactic words
    • viillustrious
    • vtoNcausativemake widely illustrious; show off; make generally known
    呈  chéng OC: deŋ MC: ɖiɛŋ 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNappear to, show oneself to, be manifest for; show, make visible
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2show the contextually determiate N1 to N2
    • vtt(oN1.)+N2imperativeshow the contextually determinate N1 to N2
    揚  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 6 Attributions

    Yáng 揚 (ant. yì 抑 "suppress and keep from general knowledge") is to make something universally visible to the general public.

      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+Nfigurative, passiveraise at
    • vtoNshow off by wearingCH
    • vtoNfigurativeLIJI, zhongyong: make widely known (good points)
    • vtoNpassivebe displayed
    • vtt[oN1.]+prep+N2display things in the place N2
    陳  chén OC: ɡrliŋ MC: ɖin 5 Attributions

    Chén 陳 (ant. cáng 藏 "hide") is to lay out something so as to make it accessible to inspection.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 列/JUXTAPOSE Liè 列 is to bring together and then bring in line objects or people that naturally belong together.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmanifest through action, display through action; deploy visibly
    • vtoNpassivebe publicly displayed (in the market place)
    • vttoN1+.vtoN2to show N1 to N2, to manifest N1 (through action) to N2
    陽  yáng OC: k-laŋ MC: ji̯ɐŋ 5 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 陰/SECRET Yīn 陰 (ant. míng 明 "openly, for everyone to see") refers to covert actions hidden from a certain person group.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactopenness; open methods
    • vadVopenly, in appearance; overtly; on the surface
    出  chū OC: khljud MC: tɕhʷit 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+prep+NN=placeto appear in the place N, to become explicit in NLZ
    • vtoNcausativeshow on the outside
    • vtoNN=placeto appear at (a place N)
    發  fā OC: pod MC: pi̯ɐt 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt+NN=placemanifest oneself (in the place N)
    • vtoNshow openly, vent (anger etc); disclose (advanced doctrines)
    箸  zhù MC: trjoH OC: k-las 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoN(= zhu4 著) make visible, manifestLZ
    • vtoNpassive(= zhu4 著) be manifested, be on displayLZ
    • vttoN1.+N2make N1 visible/obvious in N2LZ
    彰  zhāng OC: kjaŋ MC: tɕi̯ɐŋ 4 Attributions

    Zhāng 彰 (ant. yì 抑 is to give proper illustrious public status to something that is held to clearly deserve such recognition.

      Word relations
    • Object: 威/POWER The dominant general words for power are wēi 威 "formidable authority" and shì 勢 "strategic position of power".

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNSHU, jinteng 18: display, make known (virtue, good points); glorify
    • vtoNpassivemade visible, be exposed, be illustrated
    燭  zhú OC: tjoɡ MC: tɕi̯ok 4 Attributions

    Zhú 燭 (ant. yǐn 隱 "keep in the dark") is to cast enought light on something dark in order to make it visible.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshine light on> make visible; expose
    觀  guān OC: koon MC: kʷɑn 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNindicate indirectly
    • vtt(+N.)-vtoN{OBJ}show
    • vttoN1+.vtoN2show N2 to N1 (觀人以言)LZ
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2flaunt N1 to N2; make a show of N1 to N2
    開  kāi OC: khɯɯl MC: khəi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativedisclose
    • vttoN1.+prep+N2disclose
    成  chéng OC: djeŋ MC: dʑiɛŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNgive full expression to
    抗  kàng OC: khaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshow; illustrate; set forth
    暴  bào/pù MC: -- OC: -- 3 Attributions

    Pù 暴 is to make accessible to view what is covered and therefore inaccessible to inspection.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNexpose (a body at the market place); manifest
    抽  chōu OC: rlʰiw MC: ʈhɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativeexhibit (what is basically hidden) for others to see
    發露  fā lù OC: pod ɡ-raaɡs MC: pi̯ɐt luo̝ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)figurativeshow openly
    竭  jié MC: gjet OC: ɡrad 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]reveal what one thinks and/or feelsLZ
    • vtoN= jie1 揭: to reveal NLZ
    有表  yǒu biǎo OC: ɢʷɯʔ prawʔ MC: ɦɨu piɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsubjectBUDDH: that which has expression > expression, visible manifestation
    蠲  juān OC: kʷliiŋ MC: ken 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmanifest
    覽  lǎn OC: ɡ-raamʔ MC: lɑm 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNcausativeexpose to full view
    示教  shì jiāo OC: ɢljils kruu MC: ʑi kɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtt(oN1.)+N2show and teach > instruct a contextually determinate person concerning N2
    露  lù OC: ɡ-raaɡs MC: luo̝ 1 Attribution

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 荴/SHOW fū
    • Synon: 現 / 見/SHOW Xiàn 見/現 (ant. bì 蔽 "make invisible to others,") refers to making visible what is there.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake appear, show openly; expose
    • vtoNmiddle voicecome out into the open, be disclosed
    表顯  biǎo xiǎn OC: prawʔ qhleenʔ MC: piɛu hen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPadNof the surface; superficial; visible on the surface
    黥  qíng OC: ɡraŋ MC: gɣaŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNfigurativemark out clearly
    暢敘  chàng xù MC: trhjangH zjoX OC: khrlaŋs ljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNdisplayDS
    含  hán 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vadNshown up discreetly, disclosed subtlyCH
    現出  xiàn chū OC: ɡeens khljud MC: ɦen tɕhʷit 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcausativecause to appear > show, expose, make visible
    布  bù MC: puH OC: paas 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vttoN1. N2{PLACE}show N1 in N2CH
    旌  jīng OC: tseŋ MC: tsiɛŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake a visible display of
    旨  zhǐ OC: kjiʔ MC: tɕi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabactinstruction
    顯現  xiǎn xiàn OC: qhleenʔ ɡeens MC: hen ɦen 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNpassivebe shown in public
    獻  xiàn OC: hŋans MC: hi̯ɐn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdisplay politely for everyone to see; present to a person in authority or in a temple
    延示  yán shì MC: yen zyijH OC: lan ɢljils 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN1.) N2Invite N2 to see the contextually determinate N1CH
    程  chéng MC: drjeng OC: deŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshowCH
    茀  fú OC: phɯd MC: phi̯ut 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vito appear; to show itself
    荴  fū MC: -- OC: -- 0 Attributions

    fū

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNexhibit, show 荴露
    覺  jué OC: kruuɡ MC: kɣɔk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake palpable, show up publicly
    覿  dí OC: ɡ-lɯwɡ MC: dek 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vibe visible
    赤  chì OC: khjaɡ MC: tɕhiɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt[oN]show openly what one might want to hide HYDCD 6
    辟  bì OC: peɡ MC: piɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdisplay, show off
    逞  chěng OC: theŋʔ MC: ʈhiɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshow to the full (one's abilities,beauty, etc.), give free rein to, indulge (one's weeknesses)
    分別  fēn bié OC: pɯn pred MC: pi̯un piɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNbuddhistBUDDH: show, explain, preach very frequently used for example in LOTUS(B), in contrast to Zen texts no negative connotations: LOTUS(B): 78a5 分別三乘
    列  liè OC: b-red MC: liɛt 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNlay out for all to see, display in an orderly fashion
    • vtoNmiddle voicebe laid out
    啟  qǐ OC: kheeʔ MC: khei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNdisplay openly, uncover and display
    弄  nòng OC: ɡ-rooŋs MC: luŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake a show of; display one's skill with; manipulate publicly
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNshowCH
    暢  chàng OC: khrlaŋs MC: ʈhi̯ɐŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabactfrank display
    用  yòng OC: k-loŋs MC: ji̯oŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmake use of so as to display
    目  mù OC: muɡ MC: muk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vt(oN)indicate with one's eyes what one is thinking; show one's contextually determinate attitude by one's regard
    睹  dǔ OC: k-laaʔ MC: tuo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viappear, show oneself