FRIEND    朋友友

HUMAN with whom one INTERACTS with MUTUAL LOVE AND RESPECT BECAUSE s/he has RESEMBLING ASPIRATIONS.
FRIENDSHIPCOMPANIONSOUL MATEINTIMATECONFIDANTECONFIDANTFAMILIARALTER EGOSECOND SELFPLAYMATEPLAYFELLOWCLASSMATESCHOOLMATEWORKMATEALLYASSOCIATESISTERBROTHERBEST FRIENDKINDRED SPIRITBOSOM BUDDYBOSOM FRIENDINFORMAL PALCHUMSIDEKICKCRONYMAIN MANMATEBUDDYBUDAMIGOCOMPADREHOMEBOYHOMEGIRLHOMIEARCHAIC COMPEER
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The most general current word for a friend is yǒu 友 (ant. dí 敵 "enemy"), and the specific nuance indicated by this word is that of a commonality of feelings and interests, although it must be noted that the etymological link of the word is with the notion of "help", and in pre-SHI times the word tended to refer to cooperating associates rather than friends. 2. Péng 朋 typically refers to a person of similar educational background and a similar political or social agenda. 3. Dǎng 黨 refers to group of péng 朋 pursuing a common aim, and the word is normally derogatory in meaning. 4. Bàn 伴 and lu# 侶 refer to a companion during a specified period of time. 5. Pǐ 匹 and chóu 儔 refer to a person of similar professional or social background who for this reason has connections with one. 6. Jiù 舊, gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past. 7. Zhī yīn 知音 refers to person who has a proper sense for the special qualities of another in such a way that he is linked to him by deep bonds of spiritual friendship. 8. Hǎo 好 often refers to relations of friendship and good-will between states and communities, but also between individuals.
Modern Chinese Criteria
朋友 友人 友生 友好 友朋 朋交 交遊 朋 友 哥兒們 好友 摯友 執友 密友 契友 稔友 死友 素友 勝友 酒友 refers to a drinking companion. 俊遊 至好 相好 相知 知交 知音 親知 知心人 金蘭 至交 素交 碩交 石交 蘭交 耐久朋 忘年交 忘形交 金石交 生死交 莫逆之交 刎頸之交 管鮑之交 總角之交 舊交 舊友 舊故 故舊 舊雨 舊 故人 故知 故交 久要 朋舊 朋故 老朋友 新交 新知 義氣 code of chivalrous friendship association. rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • FAVOURITE　INTENSELY OR MOST INTENSELY LOVED FRIEND OF A SUPERIOR. (anc: 8/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • ENEMYOPPONENENT whom one HATES.
See also
  • INTIMATEINTERACT HARMONIOUSLY BECAUSE of MUTUAL LOVE.
  • FRIENDSHIPENDURING ACHIEVED AND NOT AUTOMATICALLY OBTAINED MUTUAL LOVE AND GENEROSITY NOT BECAUSE of SEXUAL DESIRE OR FAMILY RELATION IN-RELATION-TO a PERSON.
Hypernym
  • HUMAN　ANIMAL which HAS TWO LEGS AND LACKS FEATHERS. (anc: 6/0, child: 31)
  • ANIMAL　CREATURE ABLE to FEEL AND MOVE. (anc: 5/0, child: 12)
  • CREATURE　LIVING THING. (anc: 4/0, child: 3)
  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.53

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 19.51

  • De Rerum Humanarum Emendatione ( COMENIUS 1665) p. 460

    AMICUS

    AMICITIA

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 47

    AMICUS, SOCIUS

    2. Inter Amicum et socium. Amicus constat affectu, socius re, quia consortio constat.

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    FRIEND

    amicus refers to a person tied to one is mutual friendship.

    amans refers to someone infatuated temporarily with someone else, without any notion of reciprocity.

    amator refers to someone stably enamoured of another person, without any notion of reciprocity

    FRIEND

    socius refers to someone who is bound to one by a common interest to act together as partners, companions, etc.

    sodales are bound only by a common enjoyment of life, as comrades and good friends, and this is an elevated word connoting dignified friendship.

    sociennus is a light-hearted word for a sodalis.

    familiaris refers to someone who has one's complete confidence, to whom one is bound, as one heart and soul, in mirth and sorrow.

    consors refers to someone who passively shares enjoyment and possession of something.

    particeps refers to someone who actively shares sahres in the enjoyment or possession of something.

  • Traite elementaire des synonymes grecques ( DUFOUR 1910) p. 11

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p. 41

    AMICITIA

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 8

    友，朋友

  • Tolkovo-kombinatornyj slovar' sovremmenogo russkogo jazyka. Explanatory Combinatorial Dictionary of Modern Russian ( Mel'cuk 1984) p. 300-315

  • () p. 202

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 1.275

  • Dell'amicizia ( RICCI 2005) p.

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.1104

    FREUND/FEIND

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 2.1105

    FREUNDSCHAFT

  • Friendship in ancient China East Asian History ( VERWOORN 2004) p.

  • Understanding Cultures through Their Key Words ( WIERZBICKA 1997) p. 32-124

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 162ff

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 245ff

  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 327

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.65:46

    CONFRERE.COLLEGUE.ASSOCIE

  • Handbook of Greek Synonymes, from the French of M. Alex. Pillon, Librarian of the Bibliothèque Royale , at Paris, and one of the editors of the new edition of Plaché's Dictionnaire Grec-Français, edited, with notes, by the Rev. Thomas Kerchever Arnold, M.A. Rector of Lyndon, and late fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge ( PILLON 1850) p. no.229

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 78A

    • Words (90 items)

    友  yǒu OC: ɢʷɯʔ MC: ɦɨu 100 Attributions

    The most general current word for a friend is yǒu 友 (ant. dí 敵 "enemy"), and the specific nuance indicated by this word is that of a commonality of feelings and interests, although it must be noted that the etymological link of the word is with the notion of "help", and in pre-SHI times the word tended to refer to cooperating associates rather than friends.

      Word relations
    • Ant: 敵/ENEMY The general word for an enemy or opponent of any kind is dí 敵 (ant. yǒu 友 "friend") which can also often refer to mere competitors or adversaries.
    • Ant: 讎/ENEMY Chóu 讎 (ant. yǒu 友 "friend") emphasises the intense emotional nature of the conflict between the enemies concerned.
    • Object: 擇/CHOOSE Zé 擇 is "to choose between, make a free choice among (alternative objects presenting themselves)" and the word applies to all sorts of choices, formal or informal.
    • Epithet: 良/EXCELLENT The standard current general word for anything or anyone who naturally meets certain generally accepted high standards of excellence is liáng 良 (ant. liè 劣 "inferior").
    • Assoc: 朋/FRIEND Péng 朋 typically refers to a person of similar educational background and a similar political or social agenda.
    • Assoc: 知/FRIEND
    • Oppos: 朋黨/FACTION Péng dǎng 朋黨 refers to political "gangs" and friendship associations with clear political ambitions.

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)friend of the contextually determinate NCH
    • n(post-N){PRED}be a friend of the contextually determinate NCH
    • n[post-N][my] friend, person of similar ideals
    • n[post-N]friend(s) of oneself
    • nabdispositionfriendship
    • nmcollectivekinds of friends
    • npost-NN's friendLZ
    • ntsingularfriend
    • vadNfriendly
    • viactact in a friendly way
    • vt+prep+Ncultivate the friendship of; be friends with
    • vtoNshow friendship to, give friendly support to; cultivate the friendship of; treat as a friend; gain as a friend
    • vtpost-.VtoNbe on friendly terms with
    君子  jūn zǐ OC: klun sklɯʔ MC: ki̯un tsɨ 83 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-npro1]definitenoble companion (of the lexically determinate speaker)
    朋友  péng yǒu OC: bɯɯŋ ɢʷɯʔ MC: bəŋ ɦɨu 60 Attributions

    colleagues and soulmates> friends

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 人/OTHER Rén 人 refers indefinitely to other persons, in the singular (someone else) or in the plural (other people), but never as "the other person" or as "the other people."

      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-N]reflexiveone's own friend or colleague (of of any kind, singular or plural!)
    • NPabrelationalthe relation with friends??
    • NPnonreferentialbe a friend
    • NPpluralfriends!
    • NP{N1&N2}pluralassociates and friends, colleagues and friends
    • VPiactmake friends with people
    好  hǎo MC: xawX OC: qhuuʔ 37 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabsocialgood diplomatic relations; acts of friendship
    • v[adN]N=objobject of friendship 舊好
    • vadVfriendlyLZ
    • viactestablish good friendly diplomatic relations
    • vtoNattitudinalread hào: be fond of, have a liking for (a person)
    • vtoNattitudinalread hào: make a diplomatic show of friendship for
    歡  huān OC: qhoon MC: hʷɑn
    驩  huān OC: qhoon MC: hʷɑn 18 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vadVwith friendly devotion
    • vibe on good terms, be on friendly terms 甚懽
    • vt(oN)feel friendly towards the contextually determinate N
    • vtoNbe on friendly terms with
    交  jiāo OC: kreew MC: kɣɛu 14 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfriend/acquaintance
    • nab[post-N]one's alliesDS
    • nabactgood relations; friendship
    • vtoNhave friendly relations with each otherCH
    近習  jìn xí OC: ɡɯns sɢlɯb MC: gɨn zip 14 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}definiteclose associates (of a ruler); confidantes
    • VPadNmarkedclosely associated
    • VPichangeenter the inner circles, belong to the inner circle
    • vtoNenter into close relations with
    善  shàn OC: ɡjenʔ MC: dʑiɛn 13 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 惡/HATE The dominant general word referring to intense dislike is wù 惡 (ant. ài 愛 "love") which can relate to all kinds of concrete or abstract objects.

      Syntactic words
    • nabfriendly intentions or deedsLZ
    • nabsocialgood diplomatic relations
    • vadNfriendlyLZ
    • vadVin a friendly mannerDS
    • vt+prep+Nbe unfriendly to, be hostile towards
    • vtoNattitudinaltreat well; be on good terms with; have good political relations with
    與  yǔ OC: k-laʔ MC: ji̯ɤ 11 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Ant: 敵/ENEMY The general word for an enemy or opponent of any kind is dí 敵 (ant. yǒu 友 "friend") which can also often refer to mere competitors or adversaries.

      Syntactic words
    • nnonreferentialpolitical associates
    • npluralallies, allied states; political associate, member of the same faction; accomplice
    知識  zhī shí OC: te qhljɯɡ MC: ʈiɛ ɕɨk 11 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPbuddhist= 善知識 good friend and teacher
    • NPpluralacquaintances
    • VPadNGerman: befreundet, closely linked in friendship
    舊  jiù OC: ɡus MC: gɨu 9 Attributions

    Jiù 舊 , gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past.

      Syntactic words
    • nabsocialabstract: friendship
    • v[adN]nonreferentialgeneric: old friends; old relations; people with old connections
    故人  gù rén OC: kaas njin MC: kuo̝ ȵin 9 Attributions

    Jiù 舊 , gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past.

      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-N] a friend of N (N being the subject of the phrase in which the word occurs)
    親  qīn OC: tshiŋ MC: tshin 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]pluralclose associates; close supporters; friends
    伴  bàn OC: baanʔ MC: bʷɑn 6 Attributions

    Bàn 伴 and lu# 侶refer to a companion during a specified period of time.

      Syntactic words
    • ncompanion
    • nabfigurativecompanion
    結交  jié jiāo OC: kiid kreew MC: ket kɣɛu 6 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Nbecome friends with
    • VPtoNchangebecome friends with; establish good relations with 與x結交
    耦  ǒu OC: ŋooʔ MC: ŋu 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nfigurative, poetic: conterpart; opposite number
    • ndualisteam of two, pair of collaborators
    • vibe well-matched
    • vt+prep+Nkeep company; befriend
    鄉黨  xiāng dǎng OC: qhaŋ taaŋʔ MC: hi̯ɐŋ tɑŋ 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}pluralassociates from the same district; all the people from the same neighbourhood or group
    黨  dǎng OC: taaŋʔ MC: tɑŋ 4 Attributions

    Dǎng 黨 refers to group of péng 朋pursuing a common aim, and the word is normally derogatory in meaning.

      Word relations
    • Contrast: 徒/STUDENT The current general word for a disciple of any kind, or a follower of a school or any line of thought, is tú 徒.
    • Assoc: 朋/FRIEND Péng 朋 typically refers to a person of similar educational background and a similar political or social agenda.
    • Assoc: 鄉/NEIGHBOUR Xiāng rén 鄉人 refers to fellow villagers.

      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychfactional favouritism, partisanship
    • npluralassociates, loyal people
    • vtoNfriendly associate oneself with NLZ
    媚  mèi OC: mrils MC: mi 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabrelationalclose friendship or alliance (between states or persons)
    友人  yǒu rén MC: hjuwX nyin OC: ɢʷɯʔ njin 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-N]one's friend; his friend; my friend etc.DS
    • NP[post-N]adN[my] friend'sDS
    親愛  qīn ài OC: tshiŋ qɯɯds MC: tshin ʔəi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}nonreferentialobjects of intimate love> friends of all sorts; intimate associates (at court)
    僚友  liáo yǒu OC: ɡ-reew ɢʷɯʔ MC: leu ɦɨu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}pluralcolleagues and friends
    故舊  gù jiù OC: kaas ɡus MC: kuo̝ gɨu 3 Attributions

    Jiù 舊 , gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past.

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}old companions
    仇  qiú OC: ɡu MC: gɨu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmate, friend
    • vadNfriendly
    習故  xí gù OC: sɢlɯb kaas MC: zip kuo̝ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}pluralmember of the inner circle; confidante; established old hands
    知己  zhī jǐ OC: te kɯʔ MC: ʈiɛ kɨ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vtonpro(.adN)}a person who appreciates one; later: intimate spiritual associate, soul mate　
    故  gù OC: kaas MC: kuo̝ 3 Attributions

    Jiù 舊 , gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past.

      Syntactic words
    • nindefinitefriends
    比  bì OC: bis MC: bi 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychpartial friendship
    • vtoNbe on friendly terms with 與x比　(an object typically introduced by a preposed prepositional phrase)
    佳人  jiā rén OC: kree njin MC: kɣɛ ȵin 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vadN}periphrastic: beautiful one, friend
    親友  qīn yǒu OC: tshiŋ ɢʷɯʔ MC: tshin ɦɨu 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPclose friend
    • VPt.postvt(oN)make good friends with the contextually determinate N
    習  xí OC: sɢlɯb MC: zip 3 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 故/FRIEND Jiù 舊 , gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past.
    • Assoc: 近/INTIMATE

      Syntactic words
    • nnonreferentialfriends, those one is familiar with
    • vt+prep+Ncultivate the acquaintance of
    • vtoNcultivate close relations with
    舊人  jiù rén OC: ɡus njin MC: gɨu ȵin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPcompanions, associate; established figures of a court environment
    與國  yǔ guó MC: yoX kwok OC: k-laʔ kʷɯɯɡ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPally state(s)LZ
    交通  jiāo tōng OC: kreew kh-looŋ MC: kɣɛu thuŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe on friendly terms
    交遊  jiāo yóu MC: kaew yuw OC: kreew lu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPtravel companion; friends in different placesCH
    同盟  tóng méng OC: looŋ mraŋ MC: duŋ mɣaŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VP[adN]N=stateally
    懷人  huái rén OC: ɡruul njin MC: ɦɣɛi ȵin 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPdefinitebeloved person
    便辟  pián bì OC: ben peɡ MC: biɛn piɛk 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfavourite minister or servant (GUAN)
    睦友  mù yǒu OC: mluɡ ɢʷɯʔ MC: muk ɦɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabstativeharmonious friendship
    相愛  xiāng ài OC: sqaŋ qɯɯds MC: si̯ɐŋ ʔəi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2be good friends
    交友  jiāo yǒu OC: kreew ɢʷɯʔ MC: kɣɛu ɦɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}nonreferentialfriends and acquaintances
    • VPt:post-.vt(oN)have friendly relations with contextually determinate persons
    宜  yí OC: ŋɡral MC: ŋiɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNbe on good terms with
    愛  ài OC: qɯɯds MC: ʔəi 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • npassiveone who is loved> a person who is on intimate terms with someone
    伴侶  bàn lǚ OC: baanʔ ɡ-raʔ MC: bʷɑn li̯ɤ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPcompanion, friend
    朋  péng OC: bɯɯŋ MC: bəŋ 2 Attributions

    Péng 朋 typically refers to a person of similar educational background and a similar political or social agenda.

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 友/FRIEND The most general current word for a friend is yǒu 友 (ant. dí 敵 "enemy"), and the specific nuance indicated by this word is that of a commonality of feelings and interests, although it must be noted that the etymological link of the word is with the notion of "help", and in pre-SHI times the word tended to refer to cooperating associates rather than friends.
    • Assoc: 黨/FRIEND Dǎng 黨 refers to group of péng 朋pursuing a common aim, and the word is normally derogatory in meaning.

      Syntactic words
    • n[post-N]one's (own) colleague; mate; concordant colleague; comrade
    近者  jìn zhě OC: ɡɯns kljaʔ MC: gɨn tɕɣɛ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPconfidante, close collaborator
    交游  jiāo yóu OC: kreew lu MC: kɣɛu jɨu 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-N]pluralassociates; acquaintances
    知  zhī OC: te MC: ʈiɛ 2 Attributions

      Word relations
    • Assoc: 友/FRIEND The most general current word for a friend is yǒu 友 (ant. dí 敵 "enemy"), and the specific nuance indicated by this word is that of a commonality of feelings and interests, although it must be noted that the etymological link of the word is with the notion of "help", and in pre-SHI times the word tended to refer to cooperating associates rather than friends.

      Syntactic words
    • n(post-N)friend
    • vtoNunderstand well so as to be an admiring friend of (as in 知己)
    結好  jié hǎo OC: kiid qhuuʔ MC: ket hɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2be on friendly (diplomatic) terms
    舊好  jiù hǎo OC: ɡus qhuuʔ MC: gɨu hɑu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialold friendship
    交驩  jiāo huān OC: kreew qhoon MC: kɣɛu hʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNcause to become a friend> befriend
    為鄰  wéi lín MC: hjweH lin OC: ɢʷal rin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi.post-Vt Nbe friendly neighbours withCH
    故知  gù zhī OC: kaas te MC: kuo̝ ʈiɛ 1 Attribution

    Jiù 舊 , gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past.

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}old acquaintance
    故者  gù zhě MC: kuH tsyaeX OC: kaas kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPold acquaintancesLZ
    友黨  yǒu dǎng OC: ɢʷɯʔ taaŋʔ MC: ɦɨu tɑŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}pluralfriends and associates
    行伴  xíng bàn OC: ɢraaŋ baanʔ MC: ɦɣaŋ bʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPtravel companion
    儔  chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu
    疇  chóu OC: du MC: ɖɨu 1 Attribution

    Pǐ 匹 and chóu 儔refer to a person of similar professional or social background who for this reason has connections with one.

      Syntactic words
    • npartner or companion of the same rank or generation
    • nfigurativeliterary companion pieceCH
    同  tóng OC: looŋ MC: duŋ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • v[adN]covenant partners
    執  zhí MC: tsyip OC: tjib 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nindefiniteassociate, colleague or friendCH
    知友  zhī yǒu OC: te ɢʷɯʔ MC: ʈiɛ ɦɨu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1&N2}pluralacquaintances and friends
    客  kè OC: khraaɡ MC: khɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nSHIJI: informal: friend
    潝潝  xī yà xī yà MC: xip xip OC: -- -- 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vi.redevokes the image of flocking together in conformityLZ
    知己者  zhī jǐ zhě MC: trje kiX tsyaeX OC: te kɯʔ kljaʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPsomeone who really understands oneCH
    玩  wán OC: ŋɡoons MC: ŋʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nplaymate
    近親  jìn qīn OC: ɡɯns tshiŋ MC: gɨn tshin 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NP[adN]those close to one
    為儔  wéi chóu MC: hjweH drjuw OC: ɢʷal du 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPi.post-Vt Nmake friends with, be friends withCH
    為友  wéi yǒu MC: hjweH hjuwX OC: ɢʷal ɢʷɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt.postVtoN{OBJ}figurativebecome friends with NCH
    執友  zhí yǒu MC: tsyip hjuwX OC: tjib ɢʷɯʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPofffice colleaguesCH
    同僚  tóng liáo OC: looŋ ɡ-reew MC: duŋ leu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPcolleague
    促席  cù xí OC: tshoɡ sɢljaɡ MC: tshi̯ok ziɛk 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpoeticfriend
    友朋  yǒu péng OC: ɢʷɯʔ bɯɯŋ MC: ɦɨu bəŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPnonreferentialfriends of all kinds
    私人  sī rén OC: sil njin MC: si ȵin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralrelatives and friends (source?)
    親故  qīn gù OC: tshiŋ kaas MC: tshin kuo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    愛人  ài rén MC: 'ojH nyin OC: qɯɯds njin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP[post-N]beloved person; more recent: 1. lover; 2. spouseCH
    鄰  lín OC: rin MC: lin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nsympathiser, person of similar though not identical convictions
    知音  zhī yīn OC: te qrɯm MC: ʈiɛ ʔim 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{VtoN1(.adN2)}intimate friend who truly understands one's work
    良友  liáng yǒu OC: ɡ-raŋ ɢʷɯʔ MC: li̯ɐŋ ɦɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPgood friend
    舊故  jiù gù OC: ɡus kaas MC: gɨu kuo̝ 0 Attributions

    Jiù 舊 , gù rén 故人, gù zhī 故知, and jiù gù 舊故 (all ant. shēng rén 生人 "stranger") refer to old acquaintances linked together by common experiences in the distant past.

      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}old companion
    善友  shàn yǒu OC: ɡjenʔ ɢʷɯʔ MC: dʑiɛn ɦɨu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPfriend of high moral qualities (contrast: 良友 "good>close friend")
    眾伴  zhòng bàn OC: tjuŋs baanʔ MC: tɕuŋ bʷɑn 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPassociates, friends
    伉  kàng OC: khaaŋs MC: khɑŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nequal; companion CHECK ??
    侶  lǚ OC: ɡ-raʔ MC: li̯ɤ 0 Attributions

    Bàn 伴 and lu# 侶refer to a companion during a specified period of time.

      Syntactic words
    • nassociate
    偶  ǒu OC: ŋooʔ MC: ŋu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nmate, counterpart
    匹  pǐ OC: phid MC: phit 0 Attributions

    Pǐ 匹 and chóu 儔refer to a person of similar professional or social background who for this reason has connections with one.

      Syntactic words
    知交  zhī jiāo OC: te kreew MC: ʈiɛ kɣɛu 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{N1=N2}acquaintances of all kinds
    同  tóng OC: looŋ MC: duŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NP{vadN}colleague [ZUO]
    情  qíng OC: dzeŋ MC: dziɛŋ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • nabpsychfeelings of friendship, friendly relations
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt.postVtoN{OBJ}figurativebecome friendsCH
      Click here to add pinyin MC:  OC: 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi.post-Vt Nbe friendly neighbours withCH
    相親  xiāng qīn OC: sqaŋ tshiŋ MC: si̯ɐŋ tshin 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPi2be on friendly/close terms