DIRTY  骯髒污

CONTAIN DUST OR HAVE DUST, TYPICALLY on the SURFACE.
DEFILESOILSTAINMUDDYBLACKENMESS UPMARKSPATTERBESPATTERSMUDGESMEARSPLATTERSULLYPOLLUTEFOULDEFILELITERARY BEFOULBESMIRCHBEGRIMESOILEDGRIMYGRUBBYFILTHYMUCKYSTAINEDUNWASHEDGREASYSMEAREDSMEARYSPOTTEDSMUDGEDCLOUDYMUDDYDUSTYSOOTYUNCLEANSULLIEDIMPURETARNISHEDPOLLUTEDCONTAMINATEDDEFILEDFOULUNHYGIENICUNSANITARYINFORMAL CRUDDYYUCKYICKYGROTTYGRUNGYLITERARY BEFOULEDBESMIRCHEDBEGRIMED
Antonym
  • PUREEXCELLENT BECAUSE LACKING DIFFERENT SUBSTANCES.
    • CLEANLACK DIRT OR NOT CONTAIN DIRT, TYPICALLY on the SURFACE.
      Hypernym
      • CONTAINHAVE as a PART OR as what BE-IN:is INSIDE.
        • HAVERELATION to something such that it BE-IN:is in one OR is CONTROLLED by one.
          • RELATIONFEATURE of TWO OR MORE THINGS TOGETHER.
            • FEATUREABSTRACT OBJECT a THING is SAID to BE OR to HAVE....
      Old Chinese Criteria
      1. The current general word for uncleanness and dirt, both concrete and abstract, is wū 污 / 汙 (ant. jié 潔 "clean").

      2. Zhuó 濁 (ant qīng 清 "clear and pure") typically refers to physical states of dirtiness, but there are occasional usages like zhuó lì 濁吏 "morally impure official".

      3. Huì 穢 can refer to physical dirt, but the word is also used abstractly to refer to what is vulgar and morally distasteful.

      4. Hún 混 refers to an admixture of dirt rather than to the presence of dirt on some surface.

      5. Gòu 垢 refers to the presence of physical dirt on some surface.

      Modern Chinese Criteria
      骯髒

      齷齪

      邋遢

      鏖糟 refers vividly to extreme filth.

      埋汰

      污濁

      污穢

      污漫

      惡濁

      渾濁

      髒

      污

      濁

      穢

      rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

      • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 15.88

      • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

        BESMIRCHED

        delibutus is the general word referring to something that is besmeared with an oily substgance.

        unctus refers to something being anointed with a fragrant oily substance or ointment.

        oblitus is the general word for being besmeared with any impure substance.

        DEFILE

        contaminare refers to defilement as the pernicious ruining of what is sound and useful.

        inquinare focusses on the sallying or marring of what is inherently beautiful and attractive.

        polluere is the desecration of what is spiritually pure or even holy.

      • “荀子”單音節形容詞同義關係研究 ( HUANG XIAODONG 2003) p. 199

      • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

        FOEDUS

      • Lateinische Synonymik ( MENGE) p. CAUS: 68

      • Pulse Diagnosis in Early Chinese Medicine ( HSU 2010) p. 401

      Words

      濁  zhuó OC: rdooɡ MC: ɖɣɔk 26 AttributionsWD

      Zhuó 濁 (ant. qīng 清 "clear and pure") typically refers to physical states of dirtiness, but there are occasional usages like zhuó lì 濁吏 "morally impure official".

        Word relations
      • Ant: 潔 / 絜 / 潔絜洁/PURE Jié 潔/絜 (ant. wū 污 "impure" and zhuó 濁 "dirty") refers abstractly to the absence of any material or immaterial impurity or blemish.
      • Ant: 清/PURE Qīng 清 (ant. zhuó 濁 "dirty, impure") and the rarer chéng 澂 emphasises the absence of any admixtures that might make something less transparent and translucent.
      • Ant: 潔/GOOD
      • Ant: 清/CLEAN Qīng 清 focusses on translucence in its literal meaning.
      • Epithet: 世/WORLD Shì 世 sometimes refers to the world as it is now, the world one lives in.
      • Assoc: 溷/DIRTY
      • Oppos: 清/PURE Qīng 清 (ant. zhuó 濁 "dirty, impure") and the rarer chéng 澂 emphasises the absence of any admixtures that might make something less transparent and translucent.

        Syntactic words
      • nabfigurative(mental) defilement, contamination
      • nabfigurative(in music) muddiness of tone
      • v[adN]what is dirty; what is murky; what is impure
      • vadNdirty; murky; of wine: unstrained
      • vadNfigurative(in music or literature) muddy, impure; morally impure, defiled 濁世
      • vimixed with impurities and sediment; impure
      • viderivedcontaminatedCH
      • vifigurativebe (musically or morally) impure or defiled; be (metaphysically) muddied (i.e. soiled by contact with the world)
      • vtoNfigurativemuddle up (the mind etc)CH
      • vtoNrelationalbe impure with respect to (behaviour etc)
      垢  gòu OC: kooʔ MC: ku 11 AttributionsWD

      Gòu 垢 refers to the presence of physical dirt on some surface.

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 穢/DIRTY Huì 穢 can refer to physical dirt, but the word is also used abstractly to refer to what is vulgar and morally distasteful.

      • A Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms ( SOOTHILL) p. 11

        Syntactic words
      • nab.post-V{NUM}buddhistBUDDH: defilement (see also qīgòu 七垢, the seven kinds of defilements: desire, false views, doubt, pride, arrogance, torpor, and stinginess; there is also a set of three defilements 三垢 (or sāndú 三毒 ) which refers to desire, hate, and ignorance; see also the sānhuò 三惑 of the Tiāntaí School); skr. mala SOOTHILL 299: " Dust, impurity, dregs; moral impurity; mental impurity. Whatever misleads or deludes the mind; illusion; defilement; the six forms are vexation, malevolence, hatred, flattery, wild talk, pride; the seven are desire, false views, doubt, presumption, arrogance, inertia, and meanness."
      • nabfeaturefigurative: filthiness; impurities
      • nadNdirty
      • vibe dirty
      污  wū OC: qʷlaa MC: ʔuo̝ 8 AttributionsWD

      The current general word for uncleanness and dirt, both concrete and abstract, is wū 污/汙 (ant. jié 潔 "clean").

        Syntactic words
      • nabstativefilth; dirtiness
      • vadNstagnant (water, pond); murky, dirty, infamous
      • vadVimproperly, dirtily
      • vibe soiled; be dirty
      • vtoNcausativemake dirty, soil
      • vtoNcausativebe made dirty
      溷  hùn OC: ɢuuns MC: ɦuo̝n 6 AttributionsWD

        Word relations
      • Assoc: 濁/DIRTY Zhuó 濁 (ant. qīng 清 "clear and pure") typically refers to physical states of dirtiness, but there are occasional usages like zhuó lì 濁吏 "morally impure official".

        Syntactic words
      • vimurky and dirty (CC); be less than spotless
      漏  lòu OC: roos MC: lu 5 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabfigurativedefilement; impurities> impure biases of attitude
      • vadNfigurativedefiled
      穢  huì OC: qʷads MC: ʔi̯ɐi 5 AttributionsWD

      Huì 穢 can refer to physical dirt, but the word is also used abstractly to refer to what is vulgar and morally distasteful.

        Word relations
      • Epithet: 粗 / 麤/COARSE The dominant word for anything physically or otherwise coarsE and not fine or subtle is cū 粗/麤 (ant. xì 細 "fine" and jīng 精"subtle and exquisite"). See also ORDINARY
      • Assoc: 塵/DUST Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.
      • Assoc: 垢/DIRTY Gòu 垢 refers to the presence of physical dirt on some surface.
      • Assoc: 瑕/DEFECT
      • Oppos: 淨/PURE Jìng 淨 (ant. wū 污"impure") emphasises the unsullied state of something and the absence specifically of dirt.

        Syntactic words
      • nmdirt, filth
      • nmfigurativedirt; (also fig: wicked elements)
      • vadNfigurativedirty, defiled
      • vibe filthy, sordid
      • vichangebecome defiled
      • vtoNcausativecause to be dirty; inflict stain on
      汙  wù OC: qʷlaas MC: ʔuo̝ 4 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nadNdirty
      • nmdirt
      • vtoNcausativecause to be dirty> sully
      塵  chén OC: din MC: ɖin 3 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nmadNmade of dust/dirt
      • vibe dusty
      • vtoNreflexive.自cause (oneself) to be dirty
      泥  ní OC: niil MC: nei 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nmdirt
      浼  měi OC: muulʔ MC: muo̝i 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vt+prep+Ncausativeto be defiled (by somebody or something)
      • vtoNcausativeto make (somebody) dirty; to defile (somebody)
      不  bù OC: pɯʔ MC: pi̯ut 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabconceptBUDDH: uncleanness
      溷濁  hùn zhuó OC: ɢuuns rdooɡ MC: ɦuo̝n ɖɣɔk 2 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabactdirty tricks; dirty practices
      • VPifigurativebe characterised by dirty practices
      混  hùn OC: ɡuunʔ MC: ɦuo̝n
      渾  hùn OC: ɡuunʔ MC: ɦuo̝n 1 AttributionWD

      Hùn 混 refers to an admixture of dirt rather than to the presence of dirt on some surface.

        Syntactic words
      • vimurky, stagnant and dirty; untransparent
      • vtoNcausativecause to be dirty > taint, defile
      濘  nì OC: nees MC: nei 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNcausativecause to be full of mud; make dirty
      黷  dú OC: ɡ-looɡ MC: duk 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabactdisgraceful behaviour, dishonourable behaviour
      • vtoNcausativemake dirty, defile; dishonour
      垢膩  gòu nì OC: kooʔ nis MC: ku ɳi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNfilthy
      垢闇  gòu àn OC: kooʔ qɯɯms MC: ku ʔəm 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabmetaphysicaldefilements
      惡沱  è tuó OC: qaaɡ laal MC: ʔɑk dɑ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabfeaturedefilement; dirtiness
      有漏  yǒu lòu OC: ɢʷɯʔ roos MC: ɦɨu lu 1 AttributionWD

        Syntactic words
      • VPadNbuddhistBUDDH: have outflow > tainted, deluded, impure, contaminated, defiled (i.e. pertaining to the mondane world, ant. of wúlòu 無漏); skr. āsrava
      染汙  rǎn yú OC: njomʔ ɢʷra MC: ȵiɛm ɦi̯o 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPabfeaturedefilement
      染污  rǎn wū OC: njomʔ qʷlaa MC: ȵiɛm ʔuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNcausativecause oneself to be defiled> get defiled
      污染  wū rǎn OC: qʷlaa njomʔ MC: ʔuo̝ ȵiɛm 1 AttributionWD
      • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 2472

        Syntactic words
      • VPibuddhistBUDDH: be dirty > be defiled, be impure (e.g. defiled by the Five Desires 五欲, Six Dusts 六塵, afflictions 煩惱, etc.)
      瑕穢  xiá huì OC: ɡraa qʷads MC: ɦɣɛ ʔi̯ɐi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPmfigurativedefilements
      穢污  huì wū OC: qʷads qʷlaa MC: ʔi̯ɐi ʔuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPtoNcausativecause to be dirty > make dirty, conteminate
      膿漏  nóng lòu OC: nuuŋ roos MC: nuo̝ŋ lu 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNpuss-dripping; defiled by impurities;
      臭穢  chòu huì OC: khjus qʷads MC: tɕhɨu ʔi̯ɐi 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPadNfigurativedefiled, dirty
      洿  wū MC: 'u OC: qʷlaaCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • nabfeaturefigurative: moral dirtinessCH
      雜汙  zá wù MC: dzop 'uH OC: sɡuub qʷlaasLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • VPifigurativemurky, turbid, impureLZ
      漬  zì MC: dzjeH OC: sɡleɡsLZ 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNsoak in N, stain oneself by NLZ
      雜  zá 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • v[adN]the impure one(s)LZ
      泥塗  ní tú MC: nej du OC: niil laaCH 1 AttributionWD
        Syntactic words
      • NPmderogatorymere dirtCH
      汶  Click here to add pinyin OC:  MC: 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • nmdirt (CC)
      淈  gǔ OC: kluud MC: kuot 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vifigurativebe dirty; be sordid
      滋  zī OC: tsɯ MC: tsɨ 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vichangebecome dirty (ZUO)
      爛  làn OC: ɡ-raans MC: lɑn 0 AttributionsWD
        Syntactic words
      • vtoNcausativemake dirty, soil

      Existing SW for

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