DUST  塵土

INTENSELY DRY SOIL in INTENSELY SMALL PIECES which CAN BE BLOWN at AND MOVED by WIND.
DIRTGRIMEFILTHSMUTSOOTFINE POWDER
Hypernym
  • SOILSUBSTANCE ON the EARTH in which PLANTS GROW.
    • SUBSTANCETHING NOT SEPARATED into SEPARATE PARTS.
      • THINGCONCRETE OBJECT.
        • OBJECT[NO HYPERNYM.] WHAT one CAN NAME:refer to....
Old Chinese Criteria
1. Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.

2. Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself.

3. Gòu 垢 is the general word for dust when it regarded as dirty. See DIRT

黄金貴：古漢語同義詞辨釋詞典
HUANG JINGUI 2006

GEOGRAPHY 19. 塵埃。

塵，通稱。

埃，飛揚的塵土，多與與他詞連用。

堁，楚方言詞。

堨，漢代詞。

Modern Chinese Criteria
灰塵

灰

塵土

塵埃

塵

纖塵

rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

  • A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages ( BUCK 1988) p. 1.213

Words

塵  chén OC: din MC: ɖin 24 AttributionsWD

Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 埃/DUST Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself.
  • Assoc: 埃/DUST Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself.
  • Assoc: 穢/DIRTY Huì 穢 can refer to physical dirt, but the word is also used abstractly to refer to what is vulgar and morally distasteful.
  • Assoc: 垢/DUST Gòu 垢 is the general word for dust when it regarded as dirty. See DIRT

    Syntactic words
  • nabfigurativedust > defilement, impurity
  • ncc(particle of) dust (can be counted!)
  • nmdust; sand; (also abstractly in a transferred sense: defilement)
  • nmadNfigurativedust-like > trivial
塵垢  chén gòu OC: din kooʔ MC: ɖin ku 13 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPfigurativedefilements
  • NPmdust and dirt (often: of this world); mere dust 
  • VPtoNbesmirch
垢  gòu OC: kooʔ MC: ku 9 AttributionsWD

Gòu 垢 is the general word for dust when it regarded as dirty. See DIRT

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 塵/DUST Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.

    Syntactic words
  • nab.post-Npsychdefilement of N
  • nmdirt, dust
  • nmfigurativedefilement
塵埃  chén āi OC: din qɯɯ MC: ɖin ʔəi 8 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPmdust and dirt (of all kinds)
  • NPmthe dust of this dirty worldCH
  • VPi0there is dust
六塵  liù chén OC: ɡ-ruɡ din MC: luk ɖin 4 AttributionsWD
  • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 1298c

    Syntactic words
  • NPabbuddhistBUDDH: the six sense objects (色 form, 聲, sound, 香 smell, 味 flavour, 觸 touch), which come in contact with the six senses (liùgēn 六根) and produce the six consciousnesses (liùshí 六識); this contact defiles the mind therefore the sense objects are also referred to as the Six Dusts 六塵; sometimes also referred to as the Six Thieves 六賊 since they snatch away all good dharmas; sometimes also referred as the wàichén 外塵 'External pollutions' since - although they defile the mind - they cannot infiltrate the pure mind (zhēnxīn 真心) the six kinds of dust; Six Dusts > the six sense objects (which - through contact with the six senses - defile the pure mind; see the more current 六境)
  • NPbuddhistDELETE BUDDH: the six regions > the six sense objects (色 form, 聲, sound, 香 smell, 味 flavour, 觸 touch), which come in contact with the six senses (liùgēn 六根) and produce the six consciousnesses (liùshí 六識); this contact defiles the mind therefore the sense objects are also referred to as the Six Dusts 六塵; sometimes also referred to as the Six Thieves 六賊 since they snatch away all good dharmas; sometimes also referred as the wàichén 外塵 'External pollutions' since - although they defile the mind - they cannot infiltrate the pure mind (zhēnxīn 真心)
坌  bèn OC: bɯɯns MC: buo̝n 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • nmdust
塵坌  chén bèn OC: din bɯɯns MC: ɖin buo̝n 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPmdust (as metaphor for wordly conditions)
糞壤  fèn rǎng OC: puns njaŋʔ MC: pi̯un ȵi̯ɐŋ 2 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPnonreferentialall sorts of dust and dirt
埃  āi OC: qɯɯ MC: ʔəi 1 AttributionWD

Āi 埃 refers primarily to to light dry quality of dust, and then generally dust, but the word is rarely used by itself.

    Word relations
  • Assoc: 塵/DUST Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.
  • Assoc: 塵/DUST Chén 塵 is the general word for dry dust.

    Syntactic words
  • nearly: light dust; later generally: dust
塵土  chén tǔ OC: din kh-laaʔ MC: ɖin thuo̝ 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPmdust; dirt
泥土  ní tǔ MC: nej thuX OC: niil kh-laaʔCH 1 AttributionWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPmdustCH
垢濁  gòu zhuó OC: kooʔ rdooɡ MC: ku ɖɣɔk 0 AttributionsWD
    Syntactic words
  • NPfigurativeimpurities
  • NPmdust and dirt

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