CRITICISE  批評

SPEAK AND NAME SOMETHING BAD and AVOIDABLE. 
Antonym
  • PRAISESPEAK about something GOOD and NOT COMMON in ANOTHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING.
    Hypernym
    • SPEAKACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z.
      • ACTMOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision.
        • MOVECHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION.
          • CHANGEEVENT involving two MOMENTS t1 and t2, such that a THING at the MOMENT t1 is DIFFERENT FROM that THING at the MOMENT t2....
    See also
    • REFUTEPROVE that something is NOT TRUE.
      • ACCUSETo BLAME AND INTEND the PERSON BLAMED to be JUDGED AND CONDEMNED CONFORMING:in accordance with LAW.
        Hyponym
        • BLAME　CRITICISE someone as GUILTY of a WICKED:reprehensible MISTAKE OR a CRIME.
          • ACCUSE　To BLAME AND INTEND the PERSON BLAMED to be JUDGED AND CONDEMNED CONFORMING:in accordance with LAW.
          • SCOLD　BLAME someone ADDRESSING him/her USING VIOLENT WORDS.
        • REMONSTRATE　CRITICISE a SUPERIOR ADDRESSING A SUPERIOR.
          • SLANDER　CRITICISE INTENSELY, LACKING APPROPRIATE REASONS, NOT ADDRESSING the HUMAN BLAMED.
            • LAMPOON　SCOLD or CRITICISE BY NOT FAIR ACCUSATIONS AND SATIRE.
              • CONDEMN　CRITICISE AND PUBLICLY DECLARE GUILTY of a CRIME AND ORDER TO BE PUNISHED FOR THAT CRIME.
                • TEASE　ADDRESS AND CRITICISE JOKINGLY so as to TRY CAUSE to BECOME EMBARRASSED.
                  Old Chinese Criteria
                  1. The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

                  2. Fěi 誹 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend") is to criticise someone's views in a condescending humiliating way. See also SLANDER.

                  3. Jī 譏 is part of the historian's standard repertoire and refers typically to historian's censure of the behaviour of historical personalities.

                  4. Zuì 罪 may sometimes come to refer to strong criticism of a person's views and achievements. See ACCUSE

                  5. Bàng 謗 refers to slanderous criticism, typically not to the fact but behind one's back. See also SLANDER.

                  Modern Chinese Criteria
                  批評 is the current modern word referring to criticism.

                  批判 emphasises the element of repudiation and judgment in criticism.

                  提意見 "raise objections against" emphasises the "ad rem" and not ad hominem nature of criticism.

                  開炮 "open fire on" dramatises ad hominem criticism in a hyperbolic and sometimes jocular manner.

                  放炮 "shoot the canon" dramatises ad hominem criticism in a hyperbolic and sometimes jocular manner.

                  批判

                  批

                  批駁

                  駁斥

                  駁倒

                  反駁

                  駁

                  指摘

                  挑剔

                  挑眼

                  挑刺兒

                  找碴兒

                  找岔子

                  吹毛求疵

                  挑毛揀刺

                  挑字眼兒

                  咬字眼兒

                  洗垢求瘢

                  雞蛋裡挑骨頭

                  rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／

                  Old Chinese Contrasts
                  1. Some words express criticism that is presupposed to be correct (zé 責 ) or is at least typically supposed to be incorrect (bàng 謗 ), others express criticism that is clearly presupposed to false (zèn 譖, chán 讒, zhuó 諑 ).

                  2. Some words primarily denote face-to-face criticism (jié 訐 ); others always denote criticism behind one's back (fěi 誹 ).

                  3. Some words express strong criticism likely to lead to punitive action or open conflict (huǐ 毀 ), others express slight dissatisfaction without any implication of future strong punitive action (zǐ 訾 ).



                  MO 2, ed. Zhōu Cáizhū and Q’ Ru“duān 1995: 10

                  譖慝之言， Maligning vituperative words

                  無入之耳； will not enter his ears;

                  批扦之聲， aggressive sounds

                  無出之口； will not come out of his mouth

                  殺傷人之孩，

                  無存之心，

                  雖有詆訐之民，

                  無所依矣。

                  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 202;583;729;853

                  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

                    CRITICISE

                    obiicere is to charge a person with something, from which he must indicate himself as against an accusation.

                    exprobare refers to upbraiding a person with something about which he can do nothing.

                  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 210

                  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

                    CORRECTIO

                  • Dictionnaire explicatif et combinatoire du francais contemporain, vol. I ( Mel'cuk I) p. 133

                    objecter

                    objection

                    M's definition must be made more precise as follows.

                    In negative response to the affirmation of W by Z, with which X is not in agreement, X affirms the argument Y which is inconsistent with W.

                  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 4.1249

                    KRITIK

                  • Using Chinese Synonyms ( GRACE ZHANG 2010) p. 298

                  • Chinese Synonyms Usage Dictionary ( TENG SHOU-HSIN 1996) p. 339

                  • Ästhetische Grundbegriffe ( BARCK 2010) p. 3.450

                  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 2.121:81

                    CRITIQUE.CENSURE

                  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.230.189

                    DIFFAMATOIRE.DIFFAMANT.INFAMANT

                  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 351

                  Words

                  非  fēi OC: pɯl MC: pɨi 56 AttributionsWD

                  The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 是/ASSENT Shì 是 signifies purely intellecual assent with the content of what has been said. [ABSTRACT], [FACTUAL]; [[CURRENT]]
                  • Ant: 賢/EXCELLENT
                  • Ant: 善/PRAISE Měi 美 and shàn 善 (all ant. wù 惡 "speak ill of") refer to the bringing out of positive, admirable or morally commendable aspects in something or someone through discourse.
                  • Ant: 譽/PRAISE The current general word for praise is yù 譽 (ant. huǐ 毀 "speak ill of"), and the word often refers to straightforward objective praise rather than eulogy.
                  • Ant: 多/ADMIRE Duō 多 (ant. shǎo 少 "feel no respect for") refers to an objective assessment of something as worthy of admiration. [COVERT], [OBJECTIVE], [RATIONAL], [STATE]
                  • Contrast: 咎/BLAME The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
                  • Contrast: 刺/CRITICISE
                  • Synon: 刺/CRITICISE
                  • Synon: 咎/BLAME The current general word for declaring someone morally rather than criminally responsible for a misdeed is jiù 咎 (ant. yù 譽 "praise").
                  • Oppos: 右/RESPECT

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabactcriticism; the act of criticising
                  • vt+prep+Nputativetake a negative attitude towards, criticise
                  • vtoNdisapprove of; criticise; disagree on, oppose verbally; argue against
                  • vtoNpassivebe criticised; be morally disapproved of; be rejected as wrong
                  • vtoNreflexive.自criticise (oneself)
                  • vttoN1.+prep+N2criticise N1 in the agent N2
                  誹  fěi OC: pɯl MC: pɨi 24 AttributionsWD

                  Fěi 誹 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend") is to criticise someone's views in a condescending humiliating way, and this form of criticism is notably less malicious than that involved in slander while being less formal and moralistic than in blame. See also SLANDER

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 譽/PRAISE The current general word for praise is yù 譽 (ant. huǐ 毀 "speak ill of"), and the word often refers to straightforward objective praise rather than eulogy.
                  • Synon: 謗/SLANDER Bàng 謗 "vilify a person" (ant. chēng 稱 "praise") refers to public serious criticism, sometimes coming close to public abuse; increasingly, the word tended to refer to unjustified such accusations, i.e. slander, but the word is also used for justified serious criticism in public.

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabactcensure, public criticism
                  • nabpassiveact, negative: being unjustly criticised> defamationCH
                  • vt[oN]engage in censure, engage in public criticism
                  • vtoNcensure, express disapproval
                  謗  bàng OC: paaŋs MC: pɑŋ 23 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • nab.post-V{NUM}actcriticism; public criticism; public blame; points of public criticism
                  • nabactcriticism suffered
                  • vadNactcritical, full of public criticism 謗言 "speeches full of public criticism"
                  • vadNpassivemuch criticised, publicly criticised 謗政 "much criticised government"
                  • vt[oN]voice public criticism
                  • vtoNraise public criticism against, show public dissatisfaction with
                  毀  huǐ OC: qhʷralʔ MC: hiɛ
                  譭  huǐ OC: qhʷralʔ MC: hiɛ 8 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 譽/PRAISE The current general word for praise is yù 譽 (ant. huǐ 毀 "speak ill of"), and the word often refers to straightforward objective praise rather than eulogy.

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabactbeing criticised> criticism/slander
                  • nabactstrong criticism
                  • vt[oN]criticise people
                  • vtoNsometimes: vituperate officially, criticise severely
                  訾  zǐ OC: tseʔ MC: tsiɛ 8 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 稱/PRAISE Chēng 稱 (ant. bang 謗"speak ill of behind his back") refers to "honourable mentioning" in public contexts and favourable public assessment of someone.
                  • Contrast: 毀 / 譭/CRITICISE
                  • Assoc: 毀 / 譭/SLANDER The standard current word for speaking ill of a person is huǐ 毀 (ant. yù 譽 "praise"), and the slander involved can be of all kinds.
                  • Assoc: 詆/SCOLD Dǐ 詆 (ant. sòng 頌 "sing the praises of") focusses not so much on the venting of anger but on the function of insulting and offending the person scolded.

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabslanderous criticismLZ
                  • nabactsharp criticism
                  • viderivedbe (aggressively) criticalCH
                  • vt[oN]engage in petty criticism
                  • vt[oN]swear at othersCH
                  • vtoNfind (often minor) faults with a person or thing, make petty insulting criticisms, insult openly with insinuating remarks
                  • vtoNpassiveget pettily insulted
                  貶  biǎn OC: promʔ MC: piɛm 8 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Ant: 褒/PRAISE Bāo 褒 (ant. biǎn 貶 "make derogatory remarks about") refers to a person with a certain authority passing a positive judgment on someone.
                  • Assoc: 譏/CRITICISE Jī 譏 is part of the historian's standard repertoire and refers typically to historian's censure of the behaviour of historical personalities.

                    Syntactic words
                  • nabactmoral criticismCH
                  • vt(oN)disapprove of a contextually determinate person; express disapproval
                  • vtoNspeak of in a negative manner
                  惡  wù OC: qaaɡs MC: ʔuo̝ 6 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • nabactblame and criticism
                  • vt+prep+Ncontinuativecriticise heavily, deplore stronglyCH
                  • vtoNab{S}criticise the act of S; strongly disapprove of Nab
                  譏  jī OC: kɯl MC: kɨi 5 AttributionsWD

                  Jī 譏 is part of the historian's standard repertoire and refers typically to historian's censure of the behaviour of historical personalities.

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNN=actcriticise
                  • vtoNN=humanattack sharply with words, criticise poignantly
                  • vtoNPab{S}to criticise that (with sentential object)
                  • vttoN.+V[0]criticise N for V-ing
                  疾  jí OC: dzid MC: dzit 3 AttributionsWD

                  Jí 疾 (ant. měi 美 "praise the splendid qualities of someone") refers to strong personal stricture.

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNtake strong exception (to somebody), be highly critical of
                  • vtoNPab{S}be critical of S
                  • vtoNpassivebe the object of strong criticism
                  • vtoNpsychblame (oneself)
                  誶  suì OC: squds MC: si 3 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNreprimand
                  • vtoNpassivebe reprimanded
                  間  jiàn MC: -- OC: kreens 3 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vt(oN)criticize
                  • vt-V{SUFF}criticize
                  誹謗  fěi bàng OC: pɯl paaŋs MC: pɨi pɑŋ 3 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • NPabactpublic criticism 誹謗之木
                  刺  cì OC: skhleɡs MC: tshiɛ 2 AttributionsWD

                    Word relations
                  • Contrast: 譏/CRITICISE Jī 譏 is part of the historian's standard repertoire and refers typically to historian's censure of the behaviour of historical personalities.
                  • Contrast: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").
                  • Synon: 非/CRITICISE The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNfig: criticise; reprimand
                  • vttoN.+V[0]pivotfig: to criticise; castigate
                  甚  shèn OC: ɡljums MC: dʑim 2 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vt+prep+Nbe hard on, be especially hard on
                  • vtoNbe hard on; raise serious critical objections against someone; make grave charges against someone; pass strong negative judgment against somneone
                  疵  cī OC: dze MC: dziɛ 2 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNdeclarativefind fault with, criticise
                  • vtt(oN1.)+prep+N2criticise in NCH
                  病  bìng OC: bɢraŋs MC: bɣaŋ 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNfind fault with
                  罪  zuì OC: sbuulʔ MC: dzuo̝i 1 AttributionWD

                  Zuì 罪 may sometimes come to refer to strong criticism of a person's views and achievements. See ACCUSE

                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoN(of persons with a certain authority) make strong criticism of
                  • vtoNpassivebe criticised by
                  毀訾  huǐ zǐ OC: qhʷralʔ tseʔ MC: hiɛ tsiɛ 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNpassiveslander and criticism
                  非悔  fēi huǐ OC: pɯl hmɯɯʔ MC: pɨi huo̝i 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNpsychcriticise (oneself) so as to show signs of regret or remorse
                  非斥  fēi chì OC: pɯl khljaɡ MC: pɨi tɕhiɛk 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNcriticise
                  非笑  fēi xiào OC: pɯl sqows MC: pɨi siɛu 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNmake mocking criticism of
                  問  wèn OC: mɯns MC: mi̯un 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNconcentrate and censure; focus on and criticise
                  舉  jǔ OC: klaʔ MC: ki̯ɤ 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNbring out into the open and criticise, hold up for criticism
                  有刺  yǒu cì MC: hjuwX tshjeH OC: ɢʷɯʔ skhleɡsCH 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPt prep Nfigurativecriticise sharply or rudelyCH
                  鄰傷  lín shāng MC: lin syang OC: rin lʰaŋCH 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • VPtoNpoke fun at, criticise and ridiculeCH
                  竄  cuàn MC: tshwanH OC: tshoonsCH 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNcavil at, pick on; fuss about; carp at, quibble aboutCH
                  非毀  fēi huǐ MC: pj+j xjweX OC: pɯl qhʷralʔCW 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNto criticize sth. CW
                  負  fù MC: bjuwX OC: bɯʔCH 1 AttributionWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNpassivebe criticisedCH
                  彈  tán OC: daan MC: dɑn 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNreprimand (an official)
                  選  xuǎn OC: sqonʔ MC: siɛn 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNpassivebe criticised; be found fault with
                  間然  jiān rán OC: kreen njen MC: kɣɛn ȵiɛn 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • NPabactcriticism one wants to make
                  下  xià OC: ɢraas MC: ɦɣɛ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoN
                  過  guò OC: klools MC: kʷɑ 0 AttributionsWD
                    Syntactic words
                  • vtoNGUIGUZI: blame, criticise

                  Existing SW for

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