SCOLD    罵詈

BLAME someone ADDRESSING him/her USING VIOLENT WORDS.
SWEAR ATINSULTREBUKEREPRIMANDREPROACHREPROVEADMONISHREMONSTRATE WITHCHASTISECHIDEUPBRAIDBERATETAKE TO TASKREAD SOMEONE THE RIOT ACTGIVE SOMEONE A PIECE OF ONE'S MINDRAKE/HAUL SOMEONE OVER THE COALSINFORMAL TELL OFFDRESS DOWNGIVE SOMEONE AN EARFULRAP OVER THE KNUCKLESLET SOMEONE HAVE ITBAWL OUTGIVE SOMEONE HELLGIVE SOMEONE WHAT FORCHEW OUTREAM (OUT)LIGHT INTOFORMAL CASTIGATE
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general word for scolding someone or swearing at someone is lì 詈 (ant. yú 諛 "speak to in an obsequious way"). 2. Mà 罵 (ant. chǎn 諂 "speak to in a flattering way") refers to venting one's anger with someone through language, but without necessarily being in the immediate physical vicinity of the object of one's abuse. 3. Chì 叱 and the hē 呵 are colloquial words for swearing or venting one's anger to the face of the object of one's abuse. 4. Dǐ 詆 (ant. sòng 頌 "sing the praises of") focusses not so much on the venting of anger but on the function of insulting and offending the person scolded. 5. Gòu 詬 (ant. zàn 讚 "praise publicly") adds to the swearing and scolding strong overtones of public insult.
Modern Chinese Criteria
罵 is the current modern word for swearing. 辱罵 focusses on abuse and insult, as well as humiliation. 詬罵 focusses on vile language. 謾罵 focusses on dramatic vile abuse. 漫罵 focusses on excessive abuse. 笑罵 focuses on ridiculing abuse. 怒斥 (lit) focusses on the element of aggressive anger in the scolding. 怒喝 focusses on the elements of anger and loudness in the scolding. 叱呵 focusses on the elements of eruptive loudness in the scolding. 叱喝 focusses on excessive loudness. 呵喝 (lit) focusses on the warning function of scolding. 叱咄 "rant at" focusses on over-excitedness and the berating function of scolding. 叱 (cl) 幫罵 謗詈 謗罵 詆罵 卷罵 詛罵 詛讓 詛咒 呵詬 呵詆 呵罵 呵毀 可詈 呵罵 訾呵 喝罵 吼罵 叫罵 譙呵 嘲詬 嘲詈 嘲罵 疑詬 譏罵 奚詬 斥罵 斥責 斥叱 訾叱 刺詈 責詬 責詈 責罵 謫罵 zhe2 訕詈 訕罵 忿詈 恚罵 恚訾 惱罵 怨詈 痛詆 痛罵 啐罵 噍罵 啐詬 誶罵 誶辱 誶語 吐罵 唾罵 喧詬 喧罵 讓罵 謾罵 漫罵 慢罵 海罵 極罵 肆詈 浪罵 醜詆 醜詈 凌詬 疵詬 威詬 臭詬 yue3ma4 噦罵 穢詈 辱詬 辱詈 辱罵 侮罵 毀罵 煎罵 毒詈 毒罵 惡罵 詬斥 詬叱 詬毀 詬詛 詆叱 詆斥 詆詬 詆謾 詆誚 詆呵 詆訶 詈詬 詈詰 詈罵 詈辱 詈侮 詈責 詈訾 罵讓 罵嚷 罵說 罵瞋 / 嗔 罵訶 罵喝 罵詛 罵譏 罵辱 罵毀 罵言 罵伐 破口大罵 怒斥 怒喝 叱呵 叱喝 呵喝 叱咄 叱　 咄嗟 叱 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • LAMPOON　SCOLD or CRITICISE BY NOT FAIR ACCUSATIONS AND SATIRE. (anc: 16/0, child: 0)
Antonym
  • FLATTERPRAISE SUPERIOR, TYPICALLY with the AIM of CAUSING ONESELF to BECOME LOVED by SUPERIORS TO be DELIGHTED.
  • PRAISESPEAK about something GOOD and NOT COMMON in ANOTHER HUMAN, ANIMAL OR THING.
See also
  • CURSESPEAK so as to TRY to CAUSE DIVINE DISASTER FOR someone.
  • CURSESPEAK so as to TRY to CAUSE DIVINE DISASTER FOR someone.
  • QUARRELFIGHT USING SPEECH.
Hypernym
  • BLAME　CRITICISE someone as GUILTY of a WICKED:reprehensible MISTAKE OR a CRIME. (anc: 14/0, child: 2)
  • CRITICISE　SPEAK AND NAME SOMETHING BAD and AVOIDABLE.  (anc: 13/0, child: 6)
  • SPEAK　ACT so as to USE WORDS FOR SHOWING MEANING.*Speech by speaker X, directed towards audience Y, in order to communicate message Z. (anc: 12/0, child: 32)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 989

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    INSULT

    maledictum refers to any utterance of what is injurious to another, whether to bring him ill luck by cursing, or discrace by verbal injuries.

    probrum refers to an invective consisting of attacks and assertions wounding the honour of another.

    convicium refers to verbal abuse consisting of single words and appellations wounding the honour of another.

  • 韓非子同義詞研究 ( HANFEI TONGYI 2004) p. 205

  • Anthologia sive Florilegium rerum et materiarum selectarum ( LANGIUS 1631) p.

    CONTUMELIA

    MALEDICENTIA

  • 漢語詈詞研究-漢語罵詈小史 ( LIU FUGEN 2007) p.

  • Democritus Ridens ( WEBER 1857) p. 5.52

  • SYNONYMES FRANÇOIS, LEURS DIFFÉRENTES SIGNIFICATIONS, ET LE CHOIX QU'IL EN FAUT FAIRE Pour parler avec justesse ( GIRARD 1769) p. 1.391.348

    AFFRONT.INSULTE.OUTRAGE.AVANIE

  • 古漢語常用詞同義詞詞典 ( HONG CHENGYU 2009) p. 373

    • Words (17 items)

    叱  chì OC: thjid MC: tɕhit 12 Attributions

    Chì 叱 and the hē 呵are colloquial words for swearing or venting one's anger to the face of the object of one's abuse.

      Syntactic words
    • vt[oN]swear
    • vtoNswear at and deride; scold, curse
    • vtoN.+VtoSscold N saying:DS
    詬  gòu OC: kooʔ MC: ku 11 Attributions

    Gòu 詬 (ant. zàn 讚 "praise publicly") adds to the swearing and scolding strong overtones of public insult.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactinsult
    • vtoNvilify, revile and humiliate noisily; curse (Heaven etc)
    詈  lì OC: rals MC: liɛ 10 Attributions

    The current general word for scolding someone or swearing at someone is lì 詈 (ant. yú 諛 "speak to in an obsequious way").

      Syntactic words
    • nabactan insult, a scolding
    • vtoNLISAO: swear at, vent one's anger at, often as a bystander or not face-to-face; expostulate against
    • vtoNpassivebe insulted
    罵詈  mà lì OC: mraas rals MC: mɣɛ liɛ 8 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)scold a contextually determinate N, malign to the face
    • VPt[oN]swear at people
    • VPtoNswear at
    • VPtoNpassive(suffer) scolding
    呵  hē OC: qhlaal MC: hɑ
    訶  hē OC: qhlaal MC: hɑ 2 Attributions

    Chì 叱 and the hē 呵are colloquial words for swearing or venting one's anger to the face of the object of one's abuse.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNswear at
    • vtoN.+Vscold N for V-ing
    罵  mà OC: mraas MC: mɣɛ 2 Attributions

    Mà 罵 (ant. chǎn 諂"speak to in a flattering way") refers to venting one's anger with someone through language, but without necessarily being in the immediate physical vicinity of the object of one's abuse.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNrare in pre-Buddhist texts: be abusive towards; HS 65: swear at (the emperor travelling incognito 微服)
    • vtoNpassiveget scolded; get sworn at
    訐  jì OC: krads MC: kiɛi
    訐  jié OC: kad MC: ki̯ɐt
    訐  jié OC: ked MC: kiɛt 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • naban insultCH
    • vtoNdenounce to the face
    謾  mán OC: moon MC: mʷɑn 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNspeak of someone's insultingly behind his back
    䜁訽  xi3 hòu MC: -- xuwH OC: -- qhoos 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabact(= xi3gou4 謑詬) public insults of all kindsLZ
    輕呵  qīng hē OC: kheŋ qhlaal MC: khiɛŋ hɑ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt+prep+Nmalign without showing proper respect for
    可罵  kě mà OC: khlaalʔ mraas MC: khɑ mɣɛ
    呵罵  hē mà OC: qhlaal mraas MC: hɑ mɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)（可normally with 口 radical) swear at the contextually determinate N
    惡罵  wù mà OC: qaaɡs mraas MC: ʔuo̝ mɣɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPt(oN)scold the contextually determinate N viciously
    • VPtoNscold viciously
    呵責  hē zé OC: qhlaal skreeɡ MC: hɑ ʈʂɣɛk 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactbeing scolded
    詆  dǐ OC: tiilʔ MC: tei 0 Attributions

    Dǐ 詆 (ant. sòng 頌 "sing the praises of") focusses not so much on the venting of anger but on the function of insulting and offending the person scolded.

      Syntactic words
    • vtoNHS 65: insult to the face
    謼  hū OC: qhaa MC: huo̝ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • viactMENG: make insulting noises (with mouth radical: 謼爾而與之)
    輕罵  qīng mà OC: kheŋ mraas MC: khiɛŋ mɣɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNscold in a way that implies thinking little of one's opponent > scold disrespectfully
    毀呰  huǐ zǐ OC: qhʷralʔ tseʔ MC: hiɛ tsiɛ 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPtoNswear at