RITUAL    禮儀禮

TYPICALLY COMPLEX SHOULD:obligatory PUBLIC CUSTOM.
CEREMONYRITECEREMONIALOBSERVANCESERVICESACRAMENTLITURGYWORSHIPACTPRACTICECUSTOMTRADITIONCONVENTIONFORMALITYPROCEDUREPROTOCOL.DECORUMRESPECTABILITYDECENCYCORRECTNESSPROTOCOLAPPROPRIATENESSSUITABILITYGOOD MANNERSCOURTESYPOLITENESSRECTITUDEMORALITYCIVILITYMODESTYDEMURENESSSOBRIETYREFINEMENTDISCRETION
Old Chinese Criteria
1. The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. The term refers concretely to ritual ceremonies, to ritual decorum more generally, then specifically to adherence to explicitly prescribed ritual procedure, and then also informally to any ritual propriety in social behaviour2. Yí 儀 refers to prescribed concrete ritual procedures, as typically described in Yí lǐ 儀禮.
Modern Chinese Criteria
禮儀 儀式 儀 式 禮 典 典禮 慶典 rough draft to BEGIN TO identify synonym group members for analysis, based on CL etc. 18.11.2003. CH ／
Hyponym
  • SACRIFICE　RITUAL in the form of GIVING gifts to DEITIES. (anc: 14/0, child: 4)
  • BAPTISE　RITUAL NAMING of SOMEONE. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • BUDDHIST RITUALS　 (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
  • CANNIBALISM　CUSTOMARY RITUAL of EATING OTHER HUMANS. (anc: 14/0, child: 0)
Hypernym
  • CUSTOM　REPEATED ACT CONFORMING to what is a COMMON RULE in one's GROUP. (anc: 12/0, child: 4)
  • ACT　MOVE OR NOT MOVE CONFORMING to one's SELF:own DECIDE:decision. (anc: 11/0, child: 24)
  • MOVE　CHANGE PLACE OR SITUATION. (anc: 10/0, child: 21)
  • Novyj objasnitel'nyj Slovar' Sinonimov Russkogo Jazyka ( APRESJAN 2004) p. 1281

  • De differentiis ( DIFFERENTIAE I) p. 428

    122. Al., Solito rei consensu usus d.

    Ibid. Vat. ad justitiam pendet. Et aequum semper praespicimus, pro aequum, sanctumque. [AREV.]

    ]

    122. Inter Consuetudinem et ritum. Consuetudo est solitae rei usus, ex consensu duorum, plurimorumque factus. Ritus vero ad justitiam pertinet, quasi [ Al., pendet, quia] rectum, ex quo pium, aequum, sanctumque [ Al. s. respicimus].

  • Lateinische Synonyme und Etymologien ( DOEDERLEIN 1840) p.

    RITUAL

    consuetudo refers to any uniform observance of a standard of behaviour by an individual or by a group.

    mos refers to reasoned observance of a standard on moral and traditional grounds.

    ritus refers to the hallowed of something as ordained by the gods or other supernatural powers as obligatory ceremony, and the term typically has religious connotations.

    caerimonia refers to what is habitually observed as a standard of ritual practice in serving the gods.

  • 論衡同義詞研究 ( LUNHENG TONGYI 2004) p. 52

  • 三禮通論 Sanli tonglun ( QIAN XUAN 1996) p.

  • 三禮詞典 Sanli cidian ( QIAN XUAN 1998) p. 540-556

    Traditional keywords on ritual are simply explained.

  • 中華古代文化辭典 Zhonghua gudai wenhua cidian ( QIAN YULIN 1996) p.

  • Dictionnaire culturel en langue francaise ( REY 2005) p. 4.356

  • Historisches Woerterbuch der Philosophie ( RITTER 1971-2007) p. 8.1052

    RITUAL

  • 中國文化史三百題 ( SANBAITI 1987) p. 351-383

  • 古辭辨 Gu ci bian ( WANG FENGYANG 1993) p. 430

  • 中國文化背景八千詞 Zhongguo wenhua beijing ba qian ci ( WU SANXING 2008) p. 241

  • Encyclopedia of Religion ( JONES 2005) p.

    CEREMONY, LI (NIVISON!)

  • Encyclopedia of Social and Cultural Anthropology ( BARNARD AND SPENCER 2002) p.

  • New Dictiornary of the History of Ideas, 6 vols. ( HOROWITZ 2005) p.

    ETIQUETTE

    RITUAL

  • Bibliographisches Handbuch zur Sprachinhaltsforschung. Teil II. Systematischer Teil. B. Ordnung nach Sinnbezirken (mit einem alphabetischen Begriffsschluessel): Der Mensch und seine Welt im Spiegel der Sprachforschung ( FRANKE 1989) p. 61B

    • Words (17 items)

    禮  lǐ OC: riiʔ MC: lei 204 Attributions

    The current general term for everything relating to the system of ritual propriety is lǐ 禮. However the term can also be used to refer to individual prescribed rituals.

      Word relations
    • Result: 義/RECTITUDE The most general word is yì 義 "rectitude" which is often used to refer to what is proper and what is one's proper duty in general and also duties in particular.
    • Object: 立/ESTABLISH The current general word for setting up anything abstract or concrete is lì 立 and the almost equally common shè 設.
    • Object: 學/STUDY The dominant word is xué 學 (ant. jiào 教 "train teach")which refers primarily to studying or training under another person, and secondarily to the learning by heart texts. Very often, the word retains a tinge of immitation.
    • Object: 拘/RESTRAIN
    • Epithet: 敬/RESPECT The current general word for respectful attitudes and actions is jìng 敬 (ant. màn 慢 "fail to show proper respect for").
    • Contrast: 德/VIRTUE The current general term for salient features and principles of charismatic moral integrity and generosity is dé 德, when used as a term of ethical evalutation; but this word has many other philosophically important meanings.
    • Contrast: 文/ARTS Wén 文 (ant. wǔ 武 "martial arts) refers to higher literary fine arts including belles lettres as well as ritual. [AESTHETIC], [ELEVATED], [SPECIALISED]; [[CURRENT]]
    • Contrast: 義/JUSTICE
    • Assoc: 樂/MUSIC The current general term for music, including dance, is yuè 樂.
    • Assoc: 義/JUSTICE
    • Assoc: 節/RESTRAIN Jié 節 (ant. sì 肆 "be unrestrained") always refers to abstract restraint and moderation, typically the restraint is directed towards oneself.
    • Assoc: 非/NOT
    • Assoc: 義/RECTITUDE The most general word is yì 義 "rectitude" which is often used to refer to what is proper and what is one's proper duty in general and also duties in particular.
    • Oppos: 忠/FAITHFUL Zhōng 忠 refers to a selfless effort on behalf of the person to whom one takes oneself to owe loyalty, and this person may be either a ruler or a friend.
    • Oppos: 泰/ARROGANT
    • Oppos: 法/LAW The current general word for a law, a legal system or any legal provision of any kind is fǎ 法.

      Syntactic words
    • nab.adNin accordance with ritual protocol; ritual; formal
    • nab.adSaccording to the rules of ritual protocol, ritual decorum or ritual propriety
    • nab.adVin accordance with ritual decorum or decorum
    • nab.post-Nthe ritual of NCH
    • nab.post-V{NUM}act(a concrete) ritual (of this or that kind)
    • nab.tactritual protocol of politeness towards someone N
    • nab[adN]N=bookRecord of Ritual Decorum, Rites; name of a compendium of ritual rules current, later: the classics of Ritual
    • nabconceptritual protocol; decorum; ritual propriety, the rules and principles of ritual propriety; the demands of ritual
    • nabconcept, agentritual protocol; decorum; ritual (functioning as agent)
    • nabpluraldescriptive: ritual protocols; rules of decorum; ritual practices, rituals;the ceremonies
    • nabpsychsense of ritual protocol; sensibility for decorum, ritual propriety, sense of ritual
    • nab{PRED}be in accordance with the requirements of ritual protocol, decorum, ritual propriety
    • nab{PRED}+S{SUBJ}S=subjectit is in accordance with the ritual protocol or decorum, ritually correct that S
    • nprtextBook of RitualsDS
    • vi0there is ritual propriety, decorum prevails
    • viactact in accordance with the ritual protocol or decorum, ritual propriety; behave properly
    • vtoNputativeregard as ritually correct; regard as the relevant ritual
    威儀  wēi yí OC: qul ŋral MC: ʔɨi ŋiɛ 11 Attributions
    • Studies in the Language of Zǔtáng jí 祖堂集 ( ANDERL 2004B) p. 662

      The term is pre-Buddhist in origin.

    • 佛光大辭典 Fóguāng dàcídiǎn The Foguang Dictionary of Buddhism ( FOGUANG) p. 3771

    • 佛教語大辭典 Bukkyōgo daijiten Encyclopedic Dictionary of Buddhist Terms ( NAKAMURA) p. 33b

    • 祖堂集 Sodōshū Zutang ji Daijō butten 大乘佛典 ( YANAGIDA 1990) p. 396, fn. 269

      Syntactic words
    • NPabactZUO: proper behaviour; BUDDH: the proper behaviour/right demeanor; in the Buddhist context referring to the proper conduct of monks and nuns as defined in the vinaya texts and other texts related to the precepts (the origin of this term is pre-Buddhist and refers to right behaviour, proper demeanor; in the Buddhist context referring to the proper conduct of monks and nuns which is defined especially in vinaya texts and texts related to the precepts. Often the term refers to four specific deportments in daily life (sìwēiyí 四威儀), i.e. when walking, standing, sitting, and lying down (representing the daily activities). See especially DDB (see also NAKAMURA: 33b; FOGUANG: 3771; according to Yanagida yǒubiǎo 有表 'have-expression > expressed, manifest' is a term typically used in the Vinaya School, referring to the concrete correct behaviour required in performing the 'three actions' (sānyè 三業, i.e. physical actions, oral expressions and thought processes). Often set in contrast to wúbiǎo jiè 無表戒 'un-expressed (non-manifest) precepts' (see YANAGIDA 1990: 396, fn. 269; on yǒubiǎo and wúbiǎo see also DDB) corr[CH]
    有禮  yǒu lǐ OC: ɢʷɯʔ riiʔ MC: ɦɨu lei 9 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactritually correct polite behaviour
    • VPadNN=humthose who act in accordance to ritual propriety
    • VPiactact politely, behave politely; show due diligence with respect to the requirements of public ritual
    • VPistative(e.g. of behaviour) be characterised by politeness, conform to the requirements of public ritualLZ
    禮節  lǐ jié OC: riiʔ tsiiɡ MC: lei tset 5 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactperformance of ritual ceremoniesLZ
    • NPabmethod(sense for the rules of) ritual propriety and modesty
    冠  guàn OC: koons MC: kʷɑn 4 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • vtoNmiddle voiceundergo capping ceremony of adulthood (at the age of 20, normally, but not always)
    禮儀  lǐ yí OC: riiʔ ŋral MC: lei ŋiɛ 3 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabgeneralised abstractvarious rules like those of ritual propriety and bienséance
    無禮  wú lǐ MC: mju lejX OC: ma riiʔ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactbehaviour lacking ritual proprietyLZ
    • VPilack ritual dignityCH
    禮讓  lǐ ràng OC: riiʔ njaŋs MC: lei ȵi̯ɐŋ 2 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • NPab{N1=N2}actritual polite deference
    貌  mào OC: mreews MC: mɣɛu 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabfeatureproper ritual form; proper ritual appearance
    鬼  guǐ MC: kjw+jX OC: kulʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • nabconceptthe rituals appropriate for the ghosts of one's ancestorsLZ
    為禮  wéi lǐ MC: hjweH lejX  OC: ɢʷal riiʔ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • VPistand on ritual; keep to the rules of ritualCH
    四威儀  sì wēi yí OC: plids qul ŋral MC: si ʔɨi ŋiɛ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPactBUDDH: majestic rituals in the fours kinds of activities > the proper conduct of monks and nuns (as specified in the vinaya texts) in all daily and ritual activities (e.g. walking, standing, sitting, and lying down); see 威儀
    等威  děng wēi OC: k-lɯɯŋʔ qul MC: təŋ ʔɨi 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPpluralgraded ritual prescriptions
    儀  yí OC: ŋral MC: ŋiɛ 1 Attribution

    Yí 儀 refers to prescribed concrete ritual procedures, as typically described in Yí lǐ 儀禮.

      Syntactic words
    • nabactconcrete ritual practice
    典禮  diǎn lǐ OC: tɯɯnʔ riiʔ MC: ten lei 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabactstandard rituals; hallowed rituals
    門室  mén shì MC: mwon syit OC: mɯɯn qhljiɡ 1 Attribution
      Syntactic words
    • NPabsocialthe ritual rules valid in the public and at homeLZ
    軍禮  jūn lǐ OC: kun riiʔ MC: ki̯un lei 0 Attributions
      Syntactic words
    • VPibe in accordance with military ritual