Taxonomy of meanings for 弗:　　

  • 弗 fú (OC: pɯd MC: piut) 分勿切 入 廣韻：【説文撟也分勿切二十 】
    • NOT
      • vt{NEG}+.Vt(oN)intensitive, Vt=passiveindeed not
      • vt{NEG}+V[0] 弗華"fail to be ornate": fail to V, prove unable to V; be unable to V
      • vt{NEG}+.Vt(oN)unable, with understood objectcould not, cannot; fail to; be unable to
      • vt{NEG}+.Vt[0]oNwith explicit object弗利其家"will fail to benefit your family": fail to, be unable to Vt the object N
      • vt{NEG}+:Vt1[0]+.Vt2[0](+N)弗能攻"was unable to cure it":not (Vt to V)
      • vt{NEG}+V[0](oN)object understoodtake care not toCH
      • pad.vt+V[0]{PASS}弗可V也已弗可赦也已。“can absolutely not be pardoned"：emphatically notCH
      • pad.vt+V[0]弗能 "be quite incapable of": not at allCH
      • degrammaticalised: active>REFUSE
        • vi.red:adNrefusing> recalcitrant
        • vt{NEG}+.Vt[0](oN)will not!; would not; refuse to; fail to; decide not to (do what one might otherwise have done); will actually not; 
        • vt{NEG}+Vi[0]refuse to V
        • vt{NEG}.+VtoNrefuse to Vt the object N
        • vt{NEG}+Vtt[0](oN1.)(+N2)refuse to Vtt (e.g. give) N2 to N1
        • vt{NEG}+Vtt[0](oN1.)+N2refuse to
      • related action>CORRECT
      • BRUSH
        • =怫
      • fúAVOID
        • vt+V[0]take care not toCH
        • vt(+.Vt[0]oN)avoid Vt-ing the contextually determinate objectCH
      • fúUNABLE
        • vt V[0]be unable to VCH

      Additional information about 弗

      說文解字: 【弗】，撟也。从丿、从乀、从韋省。 〔小徐本作「從韋省、從丿、乀。」〕 【分勿切】 【臣鉉等曰：韋，所以束枉戾也。】

        Criteria
      • INTEND

        1. The dominant general word in this group is yù 欲 (ant. fú 弗 "refuse to") which refers to any intention of any kind, and the subjects are normally animate.

        2. Qiě 且 "be about to" refers to the immediate future and does not stress intention, although the subject is normally human.

        3. Jiāng 將 refers to any impending event with animate or inanimate subjects.

        4. Yì 意 stresses the subjective aspect of planning and desiring to do something, involved in an intention to do something.

        5. Tú 圖 "make plans for" is a rather elevated word to use for intentions to engage in major undertakings.

        6. Xīn 心 refers to basic intentions or basic strategy.

      • OBEY

        1. The most current general word for obedience is probably cóng 從 (ant. jù 拒 "refuse to carry out an order"), which refers literally to the following of orders on particular occasions, and more generally to showing obedience to a person.

        2. Shùn 順 (ant. nì 逆 "refuse to conform") can refer to the conforming with a standard set by someone or an intention someone has.

        3. Fú 服 (ant. jiàng 強 "stubbornly refuse") is to submit to higher authority through obedience to its orders, and this submission may be either voluntary or enforced by circumstances.

        4. Tīng 聽 (ant. fú tīng 弗聽 "refuse to listen") refers primarily to following advice from inferiors, but the word is also used for being mindful of an order one has heard so as to carry it out.

        5. Nuò 諾 (ant. fǒu 否 "refuse to comply") is to declare an intention to do as one is told when one normally has no alternative but to obey.

      • DESIRE

        1. The dominant standard word is yù 欲 (ant. fú 弗 "refused to, would not") which refers to any concrete - and typically temporary - intention or desire of any kind, irrespective how strongly motivated it is. 欲戰 "wants to fight".

        2. Hào 好 (ant.* yàn 厭 "be fed up with VPing") refers to a general strong, and strongly motivated, inclination in favour of something. 好戰 "is fond of warfare".

        3. Tān 貪 refers to an exaggerated and inapropriate degree of craving something.

        4. Shì 嗜 (ant. wù 惡 "dislike") refers to a stable and deeply ingrained constant desire for something, often a reprehensible craving.

        5. Gān 甘 derives its special force from the culinary meaning "have a taste for" and refers to any predilection, typically for material things.

        6. Shì yù 嗜慾 / 嗜欲 is the abstract technical term for appetitive urges which need to be moderated and kept under control.

      • REFUSE

        1. The current general word for refusal to do what one is asked to do or invited to do is què 卻 (ant. yǔn 允 "agree gracefully", but only for the case when què 卻 has a subject of high status), verbalised refusal to do what one is invited to do is currently cí 辭 (ant. cóng 從 "follow, do as one is told").

        2. Jù 拒 (ant. chéng 承 "accept (a task)") refers to emphatic refusal, a decision to have nothing to do with something.

        3. Shì 釋 (ant. shòu 受 "accept (a task)") refers to an insistance not to do what one might be expected to undertake.

        4. Fú 弗 (ant. yù 欲 "be willing to") regularly refers to what the agent "will not do" or "refuses to do", as an emphatic negation.

        5. Chì 斥 (ant. fèng 奉 "accept (a task)") is occasionally used to refer to a refusal to accede to a request or demand.

      • NOT

        1. The general all-purpose pre-verbal negation is 不 which generally has the whole predicate it precedes as its scope. 不 can be inchoative "not get to begin", continuative "not continuously", discontinuative "stop doing" or resultative "not get to complete doing". By the rhetorical device of litotes 不 can create antonymic opposites as in 不少 “quite a lot".

        2. Fēi 非 negates categorising subsumptive judgments when it precedes predicative nominals; when preceding verbs 非 "it is not as if" negates not the verbal verbal proposition but metalinguistically the making of a statement that can usefully be paraphrased as "the claim is not that".

        3. Wú 無 "in no way; in no way i.e. regarding no object", when used as a straight negation (contrast SHOULD NOT) is descriptively generalising and not straightforwardly narrative or descriptive.

        4. Fú 弗 "would not; could not" prototypically refers to a refusal or inability to do something which in principle one might intend to do.

        5. Wèi 未 "not yet; not quite" refers to either temporal or logical incompleteness in verbal predication.

        6. Fǒu 否 "It is not the case" is a negative pro-form, and there remains a suspicion that the graph 不 is to be read as fǒu 否 when it is used as a pro-form.

        7. Mò 莫 "none" is protoypically resumptive of an explicit or implicit subject.

        8. Wú 毋 "don't" and wù 勿 don't the object" when not used injunctively, are negations restricted to the position after such causative verbs as 使.

      • PERMIT

        1. The current general word for formal permission for someone to do something which he asks to do is xǔ 許 (ant. jìn 禁 "forbid").

        2. Tīng 聽 (ant. fú tīng 弗聽 "refuse to listen" and the rarer bì 愎 "be stubborn (and refuse)") refers to the superior giving permission for a suggestion from his inferiors to be carried out, typically by himself or his agents.

        3. Dé 得 refers to the obtaining explicit or implicit permission to go ahead with something one would like to do.

        4. Shǐ 使 (ant. jìn 禁 "prohibit, forbid") is sometimes used to refer to a failure to prevent someone from doing something which amounts to an implicit form of permission.