Taxonomy of meanings for 譏:　　

  • 譏 jī (OC: kɯl MC: kɨi) 居依切 平 廣韻：【諫也誹也譴也問也 】
    • CRITICISE
      • vtoNN=humanattack sharply with words, criticise poignantly
      • vtoNPab{S}to criticise that (with sentential object)
      • vttoN.+V[0]criticise N for V-ing
      • vtoNN=actcriticise
    • INVESTIGATE
      • viactto carry out an inspection
      • vtoNmiddle voicethere are inspections carried out ??
    • MOCK
      • vtoNridicule
    • SATIRE
      • vtoNmake fun of and criticise; be indirectly critical of

    Additional information about 譏

    說文解字: 【譏】，誹也。从言、幾聲。 【居衣切】

      Criteria
    • CRITICISE

      1. The current general term for criticism is fēi 非 (ant. shì 是 "approve of").

      2. Fěi 誹 (ant. zàn 贊 "commend") is to criticise someone's views in a condescending humiliating way. See also SLANDER.

      3. Jī 譏 is part of the historian's standard repertoire and refers typically to historian's censure of the behaviour of historical personalities.

      4. Zuì 罪 may sometimes come to refer to strong criticism of a person's views and achievements. See ACCUSE

      5. Bàng 謗 refers to slanderous criticism, typically not to the fact but behind one's back. See also SLANDER.

    • MOCK

      1. The most general word for mockery is cháo 嘲, but this word is exceedingly rare in pre-Buddhist literature.

      2. Jī 譏 adds an element of criticism to that of mockery.

      3. Xiào 笑 refers to non-verbalised mockery through sneering.

      4. Nòng 弄 adds the nuance of practical teasing to that of mockery.

      5. Tíáo 調, huī 詼, and xié 諧 refer to teasing mild mockery.

    • LAUGH

      1. The clearly predominant word for smiling and laughing is xiào 笑 which refers to any laughter, loud or quiet, kind or unkind.

      2. Chī 嗤 is almost onomatopoeic and refers to noisy derisive laughter, and the word is exceedingly rare, missing even in SHUOWEN.

      3. The rare word shěn 哂 refers to a discreet, noiseless smile.

      4. Qiào 誚 refers to ridiculing someone.

      5. Jī 譏 refers to deliberate articulate satire including criticism.

    • SLANDER

      1. The standard current word for speaking ill of a person is huǐ 毀 (ant. yù 譽 "praise"), and the slander involved can be of all kinds.

      2. Chán 讒 (ant. zàn 贊 "praise justly") refers to popular slander, sometimes by persons without significant political influence.

      3. Bàng 謗 "vilify a person" (ant. chēng 稱 "praise") refers to public serious criticism, sometimes coming close to public abuse; increasingly, the word tended to refer to unjustified such accusations, i.e. slander, but the word is also used for justified serious criticism in public.

      4. Fěi 誹 (ant. yáng 揚 "spread good reports about") refers to critical comments on a person, and these may come from persons of influence or from the common people. See CRITICISE

      5. Zèn 譖 (ant. zhāng 彰 "be full of public praise for") refers specifically to a secret malicious whispering campaign.

      6. Jī 譏 refers to subtle satirical slander.

      7. Wū 誣 (ant. zàn 贊 "praise justly") refers specifically to unjustified slander.

      8. Shàn 訕 (ant. sòng 頌 "sing the praises of") adds an element of ridicule to that of speaking ill of a person.

      9. Wù 惡 (ant. měi 美 "speak well of") can be used to focus on maligning someone to his superiors.